高三英语复习教案（SBⅠ-Units 7-8）
单元考点提示
1. 词汇:
point, line, hit , shake, kitchen, forever, scientist, movement, for a while, fall off , cut off, stay up, a large number of , a bit, at the time of , sound like, feel the floor move, on the morning of April 18th, as strong as possible, soup, coffee, bowl, offer, corn,
discover, room, ship, fresh, cheese, ever before/ever since, just a little, ice cream, a bottle of…，just now, help yourself to…, all kinds of , in the 7th century, take turns, be crowded(with), do/try one’s best, move into…，be made into paper, in many different ways, both…and…
2. 句型
(1)watch sb. do sth.
(2)…times as +adj. /adv. + as…
(3)It is +n. /adj. +(for/of sb. )to do sth
(4)I’ll teach you if you like
(5)What a delicious supper!
(6)…need as much water as rice.
(7)In many parts of the world, corn is made into powder
3. 交际用语：
(1)Were you in…at the time of…
(2)Sure I was
(3)I’ll never forget that.
(4)What was it like?
(5)Very strange.
(6)It sounded like. . .
(7)What happened next?
(8)Would you like?
(9)How about some more. . .
(10)Just a little, please.
(11)No, thanks, I’ve had enough.
(12)I’m full, thank you.
(13)Help yourself to. . .
(14)Let me give you. . .
(15)There’s plenty(of it)
考点精析与拓展
1. above, over, on
三个词都可以表示“在……上“，但用法不同。On表示与某物体表面接触；over表示在某物体垂直的上方，含“布满、覆盖、跨越”之意，与under 相对；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，与below相对。注意：与数字、数量、长度词连用时，多用over, 同more than。如：over10, 000people一万多人；表示年龄、刻度多用above，如a man above fifty五十开外的人；above zero零度以上。
习惯用语：well above average远在一般以上；above sea-level海拔以上；the one above上面的一个；above all首先，尤其重要的是；over there 那边； all over 遍及；over again 再一遍；over and over再三地
[应用]介词填空
①There lay an umbrella _______the table and some raincoats
_____it.
②The mother held an umbrella ______the boy’s head so that the sun wouldn’t burn him.
③ There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying ____the city.
④The moon was ______the trees in the east.
Key:①on, under ②over ③over ④above
2. afraid
1)“be afraid of+名词”，意为“害怕”。
2）“be afraid of doing sth”意为“担心，害怕……”。
3）“be afraid for…”意为“为……担心。”
4）“be afraid that…”意为“担心，恐怕”。
5）“be afraid to do ”意为“害怕，担心而不敢做某事”。
6）I’m afraid so/not. 恐怕是这样/恐怕不会这样
[应用]完成句子
①女孩子一般都怕蛇。
Girls are usually______ _____snakes.
②他怕把杯子打碎，因而很小心。
He was careful because he was afraid______ _____the glass.
③你不为自己的安全担心吗？
Are you afraid _______your safety?
④恐怕她会迷路。
I am _____ _____she will lose her way.
⑤汤姆把钱丢了，也不敢告诉他母亲。
Tom lost the money and was afraid________ ______his mother.
Key:①afraid, of ②of, breaking ③for ④afraid, that ⑤to tell
3. cut短语归纳
1）用作动词：
get one’s hair cut理发；cut a loaf of bread in two 把一块面包一切为二；cut a figure in stone 雕刻石像；cut the price 降价；cut the article 删节文章；cut down trees 伐树；cut down on smoking减少吸烟；cut in 插嘴，插入，cut in with a few words插嘴讲几句话；cut off a corner切掉一角；cut off electricity切断电源；cut off three sentences删去三个句子；cut out切掉，删掉;cut out the last part of the play把剧本的最后一部分删掉；cut…open切开。
2) 用作名词：the cuts on one’s arms 臂上的伤口：make big cuts削减，降价
[应用]介、副词填空
①Big cuts have been made ____the prices of medicine.
②The strong wind cut _____the electricity of the whole city.
③The chairman spoke so fast that nobody could cut____.
④All the trees were cut _____. They will have to answer for their foolish action
Key:①in ②off ③in ④down
4. fall短语归纳
fall from a tree从树上掉下来；fall off a table从桌子上落下；
fall out of bed 从床上跌下来；fall asleep入睡；fall ill病倒；fall behind落后；fall in love with sb. 爱上某人；fall to pieces倒塌，垮台，崩溃，解体；fall into the water跌进水中；fall down 倒下；fall onto the ground掉（倒）在地上；have many falls 跌下许多跤；in the fall在秋季。
[应用]完成句子
①那个孩子从墙上掉下来伤着了右腿。
The boy____ ____the wall and hurt his right leg.
②他不想在学习上落后于别人。
He didn’t want to _____ ____others in his studies.
Key:①fell, off ②fall, behind
5. as…as
as many as 和……一样多/多达；as much as 和……一样多/多达（注意：many指可数的量，much 指不可数词的量）；as high as 和……一样高/高达；as thick as 和……一样厚/厚达；as long as 一样长/长达;as deep as 一样深/深达；as early as 一样早/早在……时候，如：
We have as many books as they. 我们的书和他们的一样多。/The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings. 大火烧毁的大楼多达20座。
[应用]汉译英
①新桥与旧桥一样长。/这种鱼可长到长达15英尺。
②这座山和远处的另一座一样高。/这座山高达4000米。
Key:
①The new bridge is as long as the old one. /The kind
of fish can grow as long as 15 feet.
②This mountain is as high as another one in the distance. /This mountain is as high as 4, 000 metres.
6. 倍数的表示法
1）…times as…as“……是……的几倍”；
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲的大小是欧洲的4倍。
2）…times +形容词/副词比较级+that:
The new building is four times higher than the old one.
新楼比旧楼高4倍。
3）…times+the size/height/length/depth+of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球是月亮大小的49倍。
The ball is twice the width of our classroom.
舞厅是我们教室宽度的2倍。
4）…times+what从句：
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
现在的生产是前的3倍。
[应用]选择正确答案
①After the new technique was introduced, the factory
produced _____tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET’90)
A．as twice many B. as many twice
C. twice as many D. twice many as
②The population of China is _____than that of America.
A. larger five times B. five times larger
C. five times as D. as five times
Key:①C ②B
7．形容词、副词各等级的修饰语
1）修饰原级的词：very, so, too, quite, rather, fairly, pretty.
2)修饰比较级的词：a little, a bit, slightly, any, much, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather, even, still, yet等。
3）修饰最高级的词：by far, much , almost , the second等。
注意：基数词、分数、百分数也可修饰比较等级。
[应用]完成句子
①恐怕箱子对你来说太重了，不过还是要谢谢你。
I’m afraid the box is ______heavy _____you, but thank you all the same. (MET’90)
②我的房间比你们的稍大一点。
Our room is ____ ____ than theirs.
③我比你早到三个小时。
I came here______ _____ _____ than you.
④黄河是中国第二长河。
The Yellow River is_____ _____ _____river in China.
Key：①too, for ②slightly, bigger ③three, hours, earlier④the, second, longest
8. join, join in, take part in , attend
1)join 表示“加入党派，组织、社团、俱乐部”等。
如：join the Party/Youth League/army/club/organization入党/入团/参军/加入俱乐部/加入组织。
2)join in 表示“参加正在进行的活动”。如 ：join in a game /discussion/conversation/walk/
talk参加游戏/讨论/谈话/一起散步/一起讨论。亦可说：join sb. in (doing)sth. 表示“加入某人一起做某事”。
3)take part in 表示“参加会议、活动”，侧重说明主语参加并发挥一定作用，part 前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词。如:take (an active)part in a party/school activities/physical labour(积极)参加聚会/学校活动/体力劳动。
4)attend 表示“出席、参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、上学、听报告”。如：attend a meeting/a sports meeting/a concer /a show/school/a lecture参加会议/运动会/出席音乐会/出席展览会/上学/听演讲。 [应用]完成句子
①我哥哥参军2年了。
It’s two years since my brother _______the army.
②我的朋友和我一起祝你生日快乐。
All my friends_______ ________ ________ wishing you a
happy birthday.
③今晚有一个聚会，你参加吗？
There will be a party this evening. Are you going to
_______ _________ _______ it?
④迈克没有参加莉莉的婚礼。
Mike didn’t ______ Lily’s wedding.
Key:①joined ②join，me, in③take, part, in ④attend
9. at表示速度、价格、利率
at a high/low price以高价/;低价；at 40 miles an hour 以每小时40英里的速度；at a high/low speed以高速/慢速；at an ordinary speed 以普通速度；at full/top speed以全速/高速；at a speed of 以……速度。
[应用]完成句子
①公司决定以较低的价格将这批电视卖掉。
The company decided to sell the TV sets ______ ______ ___
---- 。
②火车正以每小时150英里的速度前进。
The train was running ______ _____ ______ _______150 miles an hour .
Key:①at, a, low, price
②at, a, speed, of
10. 动词 + off短语
fly off 飞走；go off 离开；take off 脱下，起飞；run off 跑开；fall off 掉下；turn off 关上；get off 下来；drive off 驶离；hurry off 匆忙离开；keep off 离开，勿靠近；pay off 还清（债）put off 推迟；send off驱逐；set off 出发，动身；throw off 扔掉，匆忙脱衣；ring off 挂断电话；
[应用]完成句子
①此处很危险，让孩子们离开。
It’s dangerous here. ______ ______ the children.
②火车刚到，一大群人正在下车。
The train has just come in, with crowds of people______
_______it.
Key:①keep , off ②getting, off
11. quite, rather与名词连用时冠词的位置
quite, rather表示“相当”意义与名词连用时，a/an可放在之前，亦可之后；但the 必须置于它们的前面。如:quite a big house/a quite big house相当大的一套房子。如：a quite easy problem/quite an easy problem相当容易的一个问题；a rather good player /rather a good player相当不错的一名运动员；the rather/quite tall tree 那棵相当高的树。
[应用]完成句子
①今天相当冷。
It’s _____ _____ cold day today.
②他是个相当不错的艺术家。
He is ______ ______ _______artist.
Key: ①rather, a ②quite, a , good
12. discover
discover sth. 发现某物；discover oneself暴露自己的身份；discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事;discover sb. /sth. to be…发现某人（物）……；discover + that 从句发现……常用搭配：discover one’s mistake/an island/the truth发现自己的错误/一座岛/事实的真相
[应用]完成句子
①我们发现他是一位出色的舞蹈家。
We ______her ______ _____ a good dancer. /We _____ that
_______ _______a good dancer.
②有人发现她在偷东西。
Someone ______ ______ ______ things. /Someone discovered that
______ ______stealing things.
Key:
①discovered，to, be/discovered, she, was
②discovered, her, stealing/she, was
13. room, space
room, space都可以用作不可数名词，表示“空间，余地”。另外，room
有“房间”之意，可数；space有“太空”之意，不可数。常用短语：live a room 5住在5号房间；three rooms三个房间；take up much room占很多空间；standing room 立足之地；in space 在太空
[应用]单句改错
①There is much rooms for improvement in our work.
②There isn’t enough spaces in this classroom for 30 desks.
③The universe exists in the space, as we all know.
Key: ①改rooms为room
②改spaces为space
③去掉space前的the
14. crowd
crowd 可用作名词，表示“人群，群”；用作动词，表示“群集，拥挤”。如:
a crowd of children一群孩子；crowds of books 成堆的书；a cheering crowd 欢呼的人群；crowd into 挤进；crowd in 拥入；crowd round围在……的周围；a crowded city/train拥挤的城市/火车；be crowded with 挤满、塞满
[应用]汉译英
①很多村民从大门拥入，院子里很挤。
②大厅里挤满了学生。
Key:
①Many villagers crowded in through the gate and the yard was
crowded.
②The hall was crowded with students.
15. prepare
prepare a plan/cards/a meal/one’s lessons 准备一个计划/卡片/一顿饭/备课；prepare sb. sth. /prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物；prepare to do sth. 准备做某事；prepare sb. for使某人对……进行准备；make preparations for 为做准备：
辩析：
①prepare one’s lessons(指教师)备课；prepare for one’s
lossons (指学生)准备功课
②prepare for “为……做准备”，侧重指动作；be(get)prepared
for “对某事从物质上，心理上做好了准备”是系结构，表示状态。对比：We are preparing for the final exam我们正在为期末考试做准备。/We are well prepared for the final exam. 这次期末考试我们已完全做好了准备。
[应用]完成句子
①爸爸为我们准备了一顿丰盛的午饭。
Father _______ _____ a good lunch. /Father ______ a good
lunch______ us.
②明天是儿童节。孩子们在准备去爬山。
Tomorrow is Children’s Day. The children are ______ _____
______climbing.
③我们必须让所有的人为可能的洪水做好准备。
We must_______ all the people______ the possible flood.
④外交部长对这样的问题没有思想准备。
The Foreign Minister ______ not______for such questions.
Key:
①prepared, us/prepared, for
②preparing, to , go
③prepare, for
④was, prepared
16. offer
offer sth. 提供，提出；offer sb. sth. /offer sth. to(for)sb.
为某人提供、提出;offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事；offer sb. sth. for(money)卖给某人要多少钱；offer sb. (money)for sth出钱买东西
短语：offer advice/suggestions/congratulations/the price提出劝告/建议/表示祝贺/出价；make an offer of help 主动提供帮助；accept one’s offer 接受某人的建议
[应用]完成句子
①他把座位让给了老人。
He ______his seat______ the old man. /He _____the old man
His seat.
②我的同桌主动提出帮我学英语。
My deskmate _____ ______ _____ me with my English.
③有人出1万元买你的这套房子。
Someone will _____ you 10, 000 yuan______ your house.
Key:①offered, to /offered
②offered, to , help
③offer, for
经典名题导解
1. - Do you like the material?
-Yes, it_____ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
解析：此题主要考查feel一词作系动词的用法。因为空格后面是形容词，所以谓语动词要用系动词的一船现在时，而不用它的被动语态和现在进行时。故正确答案为C。
点评：诸如 feel作系动词的用法的词还有：sound, taste, smell,
look等，经常被测试。需要注意的是这些系动词不用进时和被动语态。
2．After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced_______ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice
C. twice as many D. twice many as
解析：此题主要考查形容词中倍数的表达法。表示倍数、几分之几、百分之的单词或短语放在as(so)…as 或形容词比较级的前面。所以要填twice as many as。故答案为C。
点评：倍数的表达公式为：A is …times + adj. /adv. (比较级)+that+B或A is. . . times+as+adj. /adv. (原级)+as+B, 答题时需注意属于哪一句式。
3．Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others
解析：本题主要考查不定代词的用法区别。这是一个限定性定语从句。缺少先行词。the ones 表示特指，ones 表示泛指，不能作先行词，the others 意思是“剩余的”，与定语从句的语义重复，some亦为泛指。故答案为A。
点评：不定代词one、it、ones、the ones以及other、the other(s)在英语的语言运用中极为普及，需留意它们区别。
4. - ______ you like some more bread?
-I’m full, thank you .
A. Shall B. Will C. Are D. Would
解析：本题考查“would……like sth. ”句型表示征求对方意见的用法。shall用于征询对方意见时常用于第一、三人称中，will 和would 常用于第二人称表示征求对方意见，但would语气更委婉，因此本题答案D恰当。
点评：情态动词是语法学习的一大难点，解这类题时应准确理解语意，把握语境。
5. Thank you very much for _______ you have done for my sister.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
解析：本题考查宾语从句在复合句中的用法。这是一个复合句，其中，you have done for my sister这个句子是作介词for的宾语，因此这是一个宾语从句，而从句中done是个及物动词，其后缺少了宾语。故答案选D。
点评：解复合句时，首先应分析句子结构，弄清句子结构后，根据不同的从句选用正确的连接词。
e. g. I don’t know where I can buy this map.
6. - Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
- ________.
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could
D. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on
解析：本题考查日常口语的使用。题中用could 是请求对方帮忙或同意自己做某事时婉转的用法。因此本题问话简略答语可以是“Yes, you can”而不是B项“Yes , you could”，而A项不能省略代词it. D项意为“用吧”。故答案选 C恰当。意为“自己取用”。
点评：对于一些语意相近的答语应认真分析，逐一排除。
高三英语复习教案SBⅠ-Units 9-10
单元考点提示
1. 词汇:
although, believe, necessary, greatly, correct, form, repair, complete, information, improve, a waste of time, make a decision, bring down, thanks to, keep a record of, at one time, make a plan for, go up, the information on the computers, prefer to travel by air, shooting, gold, unusual, prize, have sports, horse-riding, in modern times, take part in, hand in, every four days, more and more, do one’s best to do sth .
2. 句型：
(1)And it’s bigger, although it’s more expensive.
(2)Can you try to get them to bring down the price?
(3)You might not be able to. . . until three days. . .
(4)It’s much easier to make plans for your trips.
(5)I prefer horse-riding to shooting.
(6)After that more and more countries joined in the game.
(7)They do their best to win medals.
(8)The place I used to go to is 7 kilometres away.
(9)the same as. . . /the same. . . as. . .
3. 交际用语：
(1)In my opinion, we should. . .
(2)What’s your opinion?
(3)I believe we should. . .
(4)I don’t think it’s necessary to buy.
(5)We must decide. . .
(6)I hope we can make a decision.
(7)Which do you prefer, . . . or. . .
(8)I prefer. . . to. . .
(9)Do you often have sports at school?
(10)Would you please let me know when. . .
(11)My favourite sport is. . .
考点精析与拓展
1. bring短语归纳
bring down(风)刮倒，降低（降落）；bring up 养大，呕吐；bring about带来，引起；bring along捎来，带来，bring back 归还；bring out 拿出；bring in 赚（钱），带进，传入；bring on 端上（饭菜），引起（火灾），使……成长；
[应用]副词填空
①He felt terribly ill and brought ______ what he ate.
②Surely the new railway will bring ______ many changes
in this less developed area.
③Next time you come to China, be sure to bring ______your
friends.
④All the library books must be brought_______ before June20.
⑤Selling newspapers brings ______ enough money for my
schooling.
⑥Enough water can bring the rice _______ .
Key: ①up ②about ③along ④back ⑤in ⑥on
2. 动词 + up
go up(物价等)上涨，上升；build(up)one’s health使身体强壮；turn up 出席，到场，开大音量；divide up 分配；分给；set up 建立；come up走近，发芽；pick up 拾起，用车接，收听（节目）;send up发射；get up 起床；grow up 长大；look up仰望，查阅；eat up 吃光；drink up喝光；use up用光；stay/sit up熬夜；give up放弃；take up占空间，从事，开始干；keep up保持，继续；put up举起，建起；hang up挂起来；hold up举起；join up 连接起来；rise up奋起反抗；move up向前移动；lift up扶起;do up包，捆；hurry up赶快；call up 打电话；break up拆散，破裂;make up组成，化妆，编造；bring up抚养大；dress up打扮；add up加起来；warm up变暖，热身。
[应用]完成句子
①物价在天天上涨。
Prices are_____ _____ day after day.
②衣服常常挂在火炉附近。
The clothes are often_______ ______ near a fire.
③妈妈的把孩子扶起来，领走了。
The mother_____ the baby______ and took him away.
④他到乡下呆了一段时间，身体好了起来。
He went and stayed in the countryside for a period of time and _____ ______ ______ _______.
Key: ①going, up
②hung, up
③lifted, up
④built, up, his, health
3. 否定转移
I/We think, believe, suppose, imagine接宾语从句时，通常否定主句谓语;但变反意问句时，却必须和从句的人称、谓语保持一致，而且要考虑主句中有无 not。如：I don’t think she is right, isn’t?/I believe that they will win the match, won’t they?
[应用]汉译英
①我猜今天夜里不会有雨。
②我们认为美国不会赞同我们的和平计划。
Key:
①I don’t suppose there will be rain this night.
②We don’t think America will agree to our peace plan.
5. improve
1)用作及物动词，意为“改善，使更好，增进，提高”。如：
improve one’s English/the living conditions/one’s method of study/oneself in maths提高英语水平/改善居住条件/改进学习方法/提高教学水平。
2)用作不及物动词，意为“变得更好，增加。”如：
After two days’ rest his health is improving.
经过两天的休息，他的健康状况在好转。
3)用作名词：improvement of soil土壤改良；make improvement in 在某方面作出改进
[应用]一句多译
①他的中文水平在不断提高。
②这篇文章你最好有所改进。
Key:
①His Chinese is improving. /He is improving his Chinese.
②You’d better improve your article. /You’d better make
improvement in your article.
6. 常用的单位量词
a piece of diary一则日记；a sheet of paper 一张纸；a suit
of clothes一套服装；an article of clothing一件衣服；a crowd
of people一群人；a basin of water 一盆水;a block of wood一块木头；a cake of soap 一块肥皂；a bottle of ink一瓶墨水；a grain of sand 一粒沙子；a group of tall trees 一片高树；a team of players一队运动员；a copy of China Youth 一分《中国青年》；a drop of oil 一滴油；a loaf of bread一块面包；a pack of cigarettes一包烟；a pair of socks一双短袜；a tin of beer一罐啤酒；a set of equipment一套设备；a bucket of water一桶水；a couple of eggs两个鸡蛋；a pile of old books 一堆旧书；a bowl of rice 一碗米饭；a handful of sand一把（少量的）沙
注意：上述单位量词本身具有复数形式，亦可被具体数字修饰，句中的谓语多用复数形式。
[应用]汉译英
①搬家时成堆的旧书被卖掉。
②三条重要新闻刊登在头版。
Key:
①Piles of old books were sold when we moved.
②Three pieces of important news were printed in the front page.
7. complete, finish
二个词都有“完成”之意，但complete更突出使一切完备、没有欠缺、多指完成工程、设计等。而finish是一般用语。常用短语有：complete the work完成工作；complete the new railway 修完铁路；complete one’s collection of stamps完备集邮；finish one’s homework/middle school/writing the article 完成作业/中学毕业/写完文章。
注意：complete还可用作形容词，意为“完全的，彻底的、完成了的”。completely 是副词，“完全地、彻底地”。如：a complete sentence/strange/success/failure完整的句子/完全陌生/完全成功/彻底的失败。This job is completely new to me. 这项工作对我来说是完全陌生的。
[应用]单句改错
①You have to finish to read the whole passage in five
minutes.
②Professor Smith has been complete successful in working out the problem.
Key:
①改to read为reading, 因为finish后只能接动名词。
②改complete为completely。
8. necessary
necessary主要用于两种句型：①It’s necessary for sb. to do
sth. 某人有必要做某事②It’s necessary that…有必要……。注意：that从句中谓语用should + 动词原型，should 可省略。另外：不能使用sb. is necessary to do 结构，因为通常是“某事或做某事有必要”，而非人有必要。误：He is necessary to return home this afternoon. 正：It’s necessary for him to return home this afternoon.
[应用]汉译英
①他有必要改进自己的学习方法。
②有必要的话，我们可以多雇几个人收庄稼。
Key:
①It’s necessary for him to improve his method of study:/It’s necessary that the should improve his method of study。
②If necessary, we’ll employ more men for the harvest.
9. repair
1)用作名词，表示“修理，维修”。
①可用单数和复数形式，但不和数词或不定冠词连用。This car
needs a lot of repairs before you can use it. 这部汽车需要大修之后才能使用。/The repair of the ship cost much money. 这艘轮船的修理花了很多钱。
②短语：make repairs/do repairs 修理（必须用复数）；under repair 在修理；be out of repair失修
2)用作动词，仍作“修理、维修”解。
注意：repair, mend, fix三者的区别。
①repair多指修理的物体较庞大，构造较复杂或损坏严重的东西。如：repair a bridge/house/car/TV set/watch修桥/房子/汽车/电视/手表。习惯上可用于指补鞋，但不用于指补衣服。
②mend 多用于指修理的物体较小，结构较简单的日常用具，或缝补衣服、袜子等。如：mend a shoe/sock/basket/box/pen补鞋/袜子/篮球/修补箱子/修钢笔。
③fix 是美国英语，可与repair替换。如：fix a machine/chair/typewriter修机器/椅子/打字机。
[应用]完成句子
①游泳池今天不开放，因为正在维修。
The swimming pool won’t be open today because they are_____.
②这座房子已经是年久失修了。
This house has been____ ______ _____ for many years。
③你过不去，大桥正在维修。
You can’t go through because the bridge is _____ _____.
Key:①making, repairs
②out, of, repair
③under repair或:being, repaired
10. 表示“决心、决定做”的几个用法
1)decide to do 决定做
We decided to put off the trip to the U. S. 我们决定推迟美国之行。
2)make a decision to do ：
He has made a decision to buy a new computer.
他已决定买一台新电脑。
3)make up one’s mind to do
The doctor made up his mind to go abroad for further education.
那位医生决定出国深造。
4)determine to do
We have determined to get the work done before National Day.
我们已决定国庆节前完成这项工作。
5)be determined to do
He is determined to give up smoking.
他决心戒烟。
6)decide that……(从句中动词用should + 动词原形)
We decided that we should widen the road.
我们决定拓宽这条路。
[应用]一句多译：这位年轻科学家决心继续自己的研究。
Key:
The young scientist was determined to go on with his
research. /He determined to go on with his research. /He
decided that he should go on with his research. /He made up
his mind to go on with his research. /He made a decision to go on with his research. /He decided to go on with his research.
11. welcome
1)welcome sb. warmly/give sb. a warm welcome热烈欢迎某人；have a rather cold welcome 受到冷遇
2)You are welcome to …欢迎光临某地；Welcome to China. 欢迎到中国来；You are welcome. 不用谢，别客气（回答感谢）。
[应用]完成句子
①我们没料到他们会如此热烈地欢迎我们。
We didn’t expect that they_____ us such a warm _____.
②欢迎你们到我们学校来。
You are ____ _____ our school.
Key: ①gave, welcome
②welcome, to
12. 疑问词 +不定式
what , how, when, where, whether, which等疑问词 + 不定式构成的短语相当于名词从句，多用在ask, decide, know, tell, explain, find out, consider, wonder后作宾语，可以改换成相应意义的宾语从句对比:
①Please show us how to use it. /Please show us how we will use it.
请为我们示范一下如何使用。
②We don’t know whether to accept his invitation. /We don’t
know whether we should accept his invitation.
我们不知道是否应该接受他的邀请。
[应用]填空
①There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind______ to buy. (MET’92)
A what B. which C. how D. where
②Last summer I took a course on _______. (MET’90)
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
Key:①B ②A
13. hold短语归纳
hold one’s hand 抓住某人的手；hold me by the arm抓住我的胳臂；hold one’s breath屏住气；hold back one’s tears 忍住泪水；hold a meeting 开会；hold 100 passengers容纳100名乘客；hold a position守住阵地；hold back 阻止；hold one’s head high昂首，趾高气扬；hold up the wounded part 抬高受伤的部位； hold it tight 抓紧；hold everything in secret 对一切都保密；catch/get/take hold of a rope 抓住绳子；hold a child in one’s arms 怀抱孩子；hold a final examination举行期末考试
[应用]介、副词填空
①Nothing can hold______the wheel of the history.
②I held her _____ the hand and tried to follow her.
③He was saved by taking hold______ the big stick.
④Please hold______ your hand if you have any questions to ask.
Key: ①back ②by ③of ④up
14. time
1)表示“时间”，不可数
most of the time 大部分时间;enough time 足够的时间；ahead of time 提前；spare time 抽出时间；spend time 度过时间;take some time 花一些时间；pass time 度过一段时间；waste time 浪费时间；devote time in时间用在某方面；save time 节省时间
2)表示“次数，倍”解，是可数名词，有单复数
three times 三次；how many times 几次；five times as large as…五倍的大小；this time 这一次；last time 上一次；next time 下一次；each/every time 每一次；for the first time 第一次；
3)表示“时代，时报”多用复数形式
in the old times 在古时候；in ancient/modern times 在古代/现代；in one’s time 在某人那个时代；be ahead of one’s time 在时代面前；at the time of 在……时代；New York Times纽约时报
注意：have a good time 过得愉快，have a hard time/have hard times 日子过得艰难
[应用]完成句子
①每次我去见他，他都忙着工作。
____ _____ I called on him, he was busy with his work.
②这是我第一次来到北京。
This is ______ ______ _____ _____ I have been to Beijing.
③她那个时候妇女不能上学。
______ _____ ______ women could not go to school.
④六十年代那里的人们日子过得很艰难。
In the 1960’s the people there_____ _____ _____.
Key: ①Each, time ②the, first, time, that ③In, her, time,
④had, hard, times
15. 比较级 + and + 比较级
more and more countries 越来越多的国家；fewer and fewer students越来越少的学生；less and less time 越来越少的时间；more and more beautiful越来越漂亮；get thinner and thinner 变得越来越瘦；fly higher and higher 飞得越来越高；run more and more slowly跑得越来越慢，become stronger and stronger 越来越强大;
[应用]汉译英
①越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。
②飞机飞得越来越高直到看不见了。
Key:
①More and more people realize the importance of
learning a foreigh language well.
②The plane flew higher and higher until it was out of
sight.
16. be on
on 表明所处的状态，意为“为……工作，在……服务”可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替换。
I’m on the school team.
我属于校队。
She is on Times newspaper.
她在时代报社工作。
[应用]完成句子，上下句同意
①Which team do you belong to ?
Which team______you_____?
②She is a member of the city team.
She______ ______ the city team.
Key: ①are, on ②is, on
17. prefer宁愿，更喜欢
1)接名词、代词
Which do you prefer, rice or bread? I would prefer rice.
米饭和面包你更愿意吃什么？我宁愿吃米饭。
2)接不定式
Jake preferred to have some Chinese food.
杰克更喜欢吃中餐。
3)接动名词
I prefer doing some writing in my spare time.
我更喜欢业余时间写点什么。
4)跟不定式的复合结构
I should prefer you not to stay there too long.
我希望你不要在那里呆太久。
5)接that从句（从句中用should型虚拟语气）
We prefer that we (should)have the discussion after the lecture.
我们宁愿一听完课就讨论。
6)用于特殊句型：
①prefer…to…宁愿……不愿，与……相比更喜欢（后接名词、代词、动名词）
I prefer popular songs to folk songs.
和民歌相比我更喜欢流行歌曲。
She prefers singing to dancing.
跳舞和唱歌她更喜欢唱歌。
②prefer-rather than…宁愿……而不愿（prefer后接带to 的不定式，rather than后省略to）
I prefer to write my letter rather than type it.
我宁愿写而不愿打印这封信。
[应用]选择正确答案
①Rather than _____on a crowded bus, he always prefers _____a
bicycle. (MET’94)
A. ride, rode B. riding, ride
C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding
②They would prefer_____ with them.
A. her not going B. her not to go
C. she didn’t D. she not to go
Key:①C ②B
18. game, race, match
三个词都有“比赛”之意。game通常指“游戏、比赛”，其复数形式往往指大型运动会。race多指赛跑，赛马、赛车、赛船等运动。match指竞技比赛。
[应用]英译汉
①play games
②play a game of basketball
③the Asian Games
④horse race.
⑤a 1, 500-metre race
⑥run a race
⑦have a volleyball match
⑧watch a match
Key:①做游戏，比赛 ②进行一次篮球比赛 ③亚运会 ④赛马 ⑤一千五百米赛跑 ⑥赛跑 ⑦举行排球比赛 ⑧观看比赛
经典名题导解
1. If______, we’ll go.
A. necessary B. being necessary
C. to be necessary D. it necessary
解析：此题考题“it+形容词或分词”作状语的结构。在英语中由if it is+adj引起的条件从句可以省略it is, 直接用“if+adj或分词”的结构来代替类似的用法是when和while引起的时间从句中也可用“when/while+adj或分词”来代替“when/while it is. . . 句型”。本题答案为A。
2. At what time shall we______?
A. reach B. arrive C. get to D. arrive in
解析：此题考查reach, arrive, get to等词的用法。reach是一个及物动词，get to 也是一个及物动词短语，表示“到达某地”时后面都应该加上一个宾语。而arrive 是一个不及物动词，后面可以不用宾语，如表示到达某地则用arrive in/at。本题答案为B。
3. _____to call.
A. You are enough B. You are so kind
C. It’s very kind of you D. It’s kind for you
解析：此题考查it is+adj+of/for sb. to do sth. 的结构。在“it is+adj+of/for sb. to do sth. ”的结构中。介词的使用很容易出现差错。一般来说如形容词是用来修饰人、表示人的特性特征的话用介词of , 如形容词是用来修饰to do sth. 的话用介词for。故本题答案用C。
4. Is this factory _______ he worked in last year?
A. that B. which C. the one D. where
解析：此题考查的是定语从句的用法。定语从句是本单元的重点语法内容。定语从句应有先行词，但本句话没有先行词，故本题正确答案为C。
5. This is the library______ we can borrow books.
A. which B. that C. from which D. in which
解析：此题考查的是定语从句中关系代词的用法。关系代词在句子中的选择要根据先行词在从句中的作用（即充当的句子成分）来决定。其基本规律是先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时用that/who 或 which, 作介词宾语时用介词+which或介词+whom（人）。本句意思是“我们可以从这家图书馆借到书。”故用介词+which (物)。所以本题答案为C。
单元考点提示
1. 词汇:
although, believe, necessary, greatly, correct, form, repair, complete, information, improve, a waste of time, make a decision, bring down, thanks to, keep a record of, at one time, make a plan for, go up, the information on the computers, prefer to travel by air, shooting, gold, unusual, prize, have sports, horse-riding, in modern times,take part in, hand in, every four days, more and more, do one’s best to do sth .
2.句型：
(1)And it’s bigger, although it’s more expensive.
(2)Can you try to get them to bring down the price?
(3)You might not be able to...until three days...
(4)It’s much easier to make plans for your trips.
(5)I prefer horse-riding to shooting.
(6)After that more and more countries joined in the game.
(7)They do their best to win medals.
(8)The place I used to go to is 7 kilometres away.
(9)the same as.../the same... as...
3.交际用语：
(1)In my opinion, we should...
(2)What’s your opinion?
(3)I believe we should...
(4)I don’t think it’s necessary to buy.
(5)We must decide...
(6)I hope we can make a decision.
(7)Which do you prefer,...or...
(8)I prefer...to...
(9)Do you often have sports at school?
(10)Would you please let me know when...
(11)My favourite sport is...
考点精析与拓展
1.bring短语归纳
bring down(风)刮倒，降低（降落）；bring up 养大，呕吐；bring about带来，引起；bring along捎来，带来，bring back 归还；bring out 拿出；bring in 赚（钱），带进，传入；bring on 端上（饭菜），引起（火灾），使……成长；
[应用]副词填空
①He felt terribly ill and brought ______ what he ate.
②Surely the new railway will bring ______ many changes
in this less developed area.
③Next time you come to China, be sure to bring ______your
friends.
④All the library books must be brought_______ before June20.
⑤Selling newspapers brings ______ enough money for my
schooling.
⑥Enough water can bring the rice _______ .
Key: ①up ②about ③along ④back ⑤in ⑥on
2.动词 + up
go up(物价等)上涨，上升；build(up)one’s health使身体强壮；turn up 出席，到场，开大音量；divide up 分配；分给；set up 建立；come up走近，发芽；pick up 拾起，用车接，收听（节目）;send up发射；get up 起床；grow up 长大；look up仰望，查阅；eat up 吃光；drink up喝光；use up用光；stay/sit up熬夜；give up放弃；take up占空间，从事，开始干；keep up保持，继续；put up举起，建起；hang up挂起来；hold up举起；join up 连接起来；rise up奋起反抗；move up向前移动；lift up扶起;do up包，捆；hurry up赶快；call up 打电话；break up拆散，破裂;make up组成，化妆，编造；bring up抚养大；dress up打扮；add up加起来；warm up变暖，热身。
[应用]完成句子
①物价在天天上涨。
Prices are_____ _____ day after day.
②衣服常常挂在火炉附近。
The clothes are often_______ ______ near a fire.
③妈妈的把孩子扶起来，领走了。
The mother_____ the baby______ and took him away.
④他到乡下呆了一段时间，身体好了起来。
He went and stayed in the countryside for a period of time and _____ ______ ______ _______.
Key: ①going, up
②hung, up
③lifted, up
④built, up, his, health
3.否定转移
I/We think, believe,suppose, imagine接宾语从句时，通常否定主句谓语;但变反意问句时，却必须和从句的人称、谓语保持一致，而且要考虑主句中有无 not。如：I don’t think she is right,isn’t?/I believe that they will win the match, won’t they?
[应用]汉译英
①我猜今天夜里不会有雨。
②我们认为美国不会赞同我们的和平计划。
Key:
①I don’t suppose there will be rain this night.
②We don’t think America will agree to our peace plan.
4.change
1)用作动词
①表示“改换，更改”
change one’s clothes换衣服；
Change places with me, please.
请和我换一下座位。
②表示“换车”
Passengers to London will change at this station into another train.
到伦敦的游客在此站换车。
③表示“兑换钱”
She changed her money before going abroad.
出国前她已将钱兑换妥当。
④表示“改变”
I have made up my mind and nothing will change it.
我主意已定，什么也无法改变。
⑤用于change into,表示“变成”
Ice changes into water rapidly on a hot day.
热天里冰很快就化成水。
⑥用于chang...into,表示“ 把……变成”
We can change water into steam by heat.
我们可以通过加热把水变成蒸气。
⑦用于change...for,表示“把……换成（替代）”change it for
a bigger one
把它换成大一点的；
change his old car for a new one.
把旧车换成新的。
⑧用于change from...to, 表示“由……变成”
change from ice to water由冰变成水。
2)用作名词：
①用于make a change,表示“修改，改变”，a 可换成any,some,no.如：
We have made some changes in our plan for travel.
我们把旅行计划作了一些修改。
The poem seems perfect. We won’t make any change.
这首诗看来很完美，我们不会再作任何修改。
②与take place连用，表示“发生变化”
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
我的家乡发生了很大的变化。
③表示“零钱”，不可数
Do you have any change on you?
你身上有零钱吗？
[应用]单句改错
①I seldom carry changes with me. You’ve to change your note in a bank.
②Your coat is too old. Change it into a new one ,please.
③In autumn the leaves change green to brown.
④Some change are to be made in the report.
Key: ①改changes为change
②改into为for
③在change后加from
④改change为changes
5.improve
1)用作及物动词，意为“改善，使更好，增进，提高”。如：
improve one’s English/the living conditions/one’s method of study/oneself in maths提高英语水平/改善居住条件/改进学习方法/提高教学水平。
2)用作不及物动词，意为“变得更好，增加。”如：
After two days’ rest his health is improving.
经过两天的休息，他的健康状况在好转。
3)用作名词：improvement of soil土壤改良；make improvement in 在某方面作出改进
[应用]一句多译
①他的中文水平在不断提高。
②这篇文章你最好有所改进。
Key:
①His Chinese is improving./He is improving his Chinese.
②You’d better improve your article./You’d better make
improvement in your article.
6.常用的单位量词
a piece of diary一则日记；a sheet of paper 一张纸；a suit
of clothes一套服装；an article of clothing一件衣服；a crowd
of people一群人；a basin of water 一盆水;a block of wood一块木头；a cake of soap 一块肥皂；a bottle of ink一瓶墨水；a grain of sand 一粒沙子；a group of tall trees 一片高树；a team of players一队运动员；a copy of China Youth 一分《中国青年》；a drop of oil 一滴油；a loaf of bread一块面包；a pack of cigarettes一包烟；a pair of socks一双短袜；a tin of beer一罐啤酒；a set of equipment一套设备；a bucket of water一桶水；a couple of eggs两个鸡蛋；a pile of old books 一堆旧书；a bowl of rice 一碗米饭；a handful of sand一把（少量的）沙
注意：上述单位量词本身具有复数形式，亦可被具体数字修饰，句中的谓语多用复数形式。
[应用]汉译英
①搬家时成堆的旧书被卖掉。
②三条重要新闻刊登在头版。
Key:
①Piles of old books were sold when we moved.
②Three pieces of important news were printed in the front page.
7.complete, finish
二个词都有“完成”之意，但complete更突出使一切完备、没有欠缺、多指完成工程、设计等。而finish是一般用语。常用短语有：complete the work完成工作；complete the new railway 修完铁路；complete one’s collection of stamps完备集邮；finish one’s homework/middle school/writing the article 完成作业/中学毕业/写完文章。
注意：complete还可用作形容词，意为“完全的，彻底的、完成了的”。completely 是副词，“完全地、彻底地”。如：a complete sentence/strange/success/failure完整的句子/完全陌生/完全成功/彻底的失败。This job is completely new to me.这项工作对我来说是完全陌生的。
[应用]单句改错
①You have to finish to read the whole passage in five
minutes.
②Professor Smith has been complete successful in working out the problem.
Key:
①改to read为reading,因为finish后只能接动名词。
②改complete为completely。
8.necessary
necessary主要用于两种句型：①It’s necessary for sb. to do
sth.某人有必要做某事②It’s necessary that…有必要……。注意：that从句中谓语用should + 动词原型，should 可省略。另外：不能使用sb. is necessary to do 结构，因为通常是“某事或做某事有必要”，而非人有必要。误：He is necessary to return home this afternoon. 正：It’s necessary for him to return home this afternoon.
[应用]汉译英
①他有必要改进自己的学习方法。
②有必要的话，我们可以多雇几个人收庄稼。
Key:
①It’s necessary for him to improve his method of study:/It’s necessary that the should improve his method of study。
②If necessary,we’ll employ more men for the harvest.
9.repair
1)用作名词，表示“修理，维修”。
①可用单数和复数形式，但不和数词或不定冠词连用。This car
needs a lot of repairs before you can use it. 这部汽车需要大修之后才能使用。/The repair of the ship cost much money.这艘轮船的修理花了很多钱。
②短语：make repairs/do repairs 修理（必须用复数）；under repair 在修理；be out of repair失修
2)用作动词，仍作“修理、维修”解。
注意：repair,mend,fix三者的区别。
①repair多指修理的物体较庞大，构造较复杂或损坏严重的东西。如：repair a bridge/house/car/TV set/watch修桥/房子/汽车/电视/手表。习惯上可用于指补鞋，但不用于指补衣服。
②mend 多用于指修理的物体较小，结构较简单的日常用具，或缝补衣服、袜子等。如：mend a shoe/sock/basket/box/pen补鞋/袜子/篮球/修补箱子/修钢笔。
③fix 是美国英语，可与repair替换。如：fix a machine/chair/typewriter修机器/椅子/打字机。
[应用]完成句子
①游泳池今天不开放，因为正在维修。
The swimming pool won’t be open today because they are_____.
②这座房子已经是年久失修了。
This house has been____ ______ _____ for many years。
③你过不去，大桥正在维修。
You can’t go through because the bridge is _____ _____.
Key:①making, repairs
②out,of, repair
③under repair或:being, repaired
10.表示“决心、决定做”的几个用法
1)decide to do 决定做
We decided to put off the trip to the U.S.我们决定推迟美国之行。
2)make a decision to do ：
He has made a decision to buy a new computer.
他已决定买一台新电脑。
3)make up one’s mind to do
The doctor made up his mind to go abroad for further education.
那位医生决定出国深造。
4)determine to do
We have determined to get the work done before National Day.
我们已决定国庆节前完成这项工作。
5)be determined to do
He is determined to give up smoking.
他决心戒烟。
6)decide that……(从句中动词用should + 动词原形)
We decided that we should widen the road.
我们决定拓宽这条路。
[应用]一句多译：这位年轻科学家决心继续自己的研究。
Key:
The young scientist was determined to go on with his
research./He determined to go on with his research./He
decided that he should go on with his research./He made up
his mind to go on with his research./He made a decision to go on with his research./He decided to go on with his research.
11.welcome
1)welcome sb.warmly/give sb.a warm welcome热烈欢迎某人；have a rather cold welcome 受到冷遇
2)You are welcome to …欢迎光临某地；Welcome to China.欢迎到中国来；You are welcome. 不用谢，别客气（回答感谢）。
[应用]完成句子
①我们没料到他们会如此热烈地欢迎我们。
We didn’t expect that they_____ us such a warm _____.
②欢迎你们到我们学校来。
You are ____ _____ our school.
Key: ①gave, welcome
②welcome,to
12.疑问词 +不定式
what ,how, when,where,whether,which等疑问词 + 不定式构成的短语相当于名词从句，多用在ask,decide,know, tell, explain, find out, consider, wonder后作宾语，可以改换成相应意义的宾语从句对比:
①Please show us how to use it./Please show us how we will use it.
请为我们示范一下如何使用。
②We don’t know whether to accept his invitation./We don’t
know whether we should accept his invitation.
我们不知道是否应该接受他的邀请。
[应用]填空
①There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind______ to buy.(MET’92)
A what B.which C.how D.where
②Last summer I took a course on _______.(MET’90)
A.how to make dresses
B．how dresses be made
C.how to be made dresses
D.how dresses to be made
Key:①B ②A
13.hold短语归纳
hold one’s hand 抓住某人的手；hold me by the arm抓住我的胳臂；hold one’s breath屏住气；hold back one’s tears 忍住泪水；hold a meeting 开会；hold 100 passengers容纳100名乘客；hold a position守住阵地；hold back 阻止；hold one’s head high昂首，趾高气扬；hold up the wounded part 抬高受伤的部位； hold it tight 抓紧；hold everything in secret 对一切都保密；catch/get/take hold of a rope 抓住绳子；hold a child in one’s arms 怀抱孩子；hold a final examination举行期末考试
[应用]介、副词填空
①Nothing can hold______the wheel of the history.
②I held her _____ the hand and tried to follow her.
③He was saved by taking hold______ the big stick.
④Please hold______ your hand if you have any questions to ask.
Key: ①back ②by ③of ④up
14.time
1)表示“时间”，不可数
most of the time 大部分时间;enough time 足够的时间；ahead of time 提前；spare time 抽出时间；spend time 度过时间;take some time 花一些时间；pass time 度过一段时间；waste time 浪费时间；devote time in时间用在某方面；save time 节省时间
2)表示“次数，倍”解，是可数名词，有单复数
three times 三次；how many times 几次；five times as large as…五倍的大小；this time 这一次；last time 上一次；next time 下一次；each/every time 每一次；for the first time 第一次；
3)表示“时代，时报”多用复数形式
in the old times 在古时候；in ancient/modern times 在古代/现代；in one’s time 在某人那个时代；be ahead of one’s time 在时代面前；at the time of 在……时代；New York Times纽约时报
注意：have a good time 过得愉快，have a hard time/have hard times 日子过得艰难
[应用]完成句子
①每次我去见他，他都忙着工作。
____ _____ I called on him, he was busy with his work.
②这是我第一次来到北京。
This is ______ ______ _____ _____ I have been to Beijing.
③她那个时候妇女不能上学。
______ _____ ______ women could not go to school.
④六十年代那里的人们日子过得很艰难。
In the 1960’s the people there_____ _____ _____.
Key: ①Each, time ②the, first, time,that ③In, her, time,
④had, hard,times
15.比较级 + and + 比较级
more and more countries 越来越多的国家；fewer and fewer students越来越少的学生；less and less time 越来越少的时间；more and more beautiful越来越漂亮；get thinner and thinner 变得越来越瘦；fly higher and higher 飞得越来越高；run more and more slowly跑得越来越慢，become stronger and stronger 越来越强大;
[应用]汉译英
①越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。
②飞机飞得越来越高直到看不见了。
Key:
①More and more people realize the importance of
learning a foreigh language well.
②The plane flew higher and higher until it was out of
sight.
16.be on
on 表明所处的状态，意为“为……工作，在……服务”可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替换。
I’m on the school team.
我属于校队。
She is on Times newspaper.
她在时代报社工作。
[应用]完成句子，上下句同意
①Which team do you belong to ?
Which team______you_____?
②She is a member of the city team.
She______ ______ the city team.
Key: ①are,on ②is, on
17.prefer宁愿，更喜欢
1)接名词、代词
Which do you prefer, rice or bread? I would prefer rice.
米饭和面包你更愿意吃什么？我宁愿吃米饭。
2)接不定式
Jake preferred to have some Chinese food.
杰克更喜欢吃中餐。
3)接动名词
I prefer doing some writing in my spare time.
我更喜欢业余时间写点什么。
4)跟不定式的复合结构
I should prefer you not to stay there too long.
我希望你不要在那里呆太久。
5)接that从句（从句中用should型虚拟语气）
We prefer that we (should)have the discussion after the lecture.
我们宁愿一听完课就讨论。
6)用于特殊句型：
①prefer…to…宁愿……不愿，与……相比更喜欢（后接名词、代词、动名词）
I prefer popular songs to folk songs.
和民歌相比我更喜欢流行歌曲。
She prefers singing to dancing.
跳舞和唱歌她更喜欢唱歌。
②prefer-rather than…宁愿……而不愿（prefer后接带to 的不定式，rather than后省略to）
I prefer to write my letter rather than type it.
我宁愿写而不愿打印这封信。
7)注意点
①prefer后接to,不使用than.
②由于 prefer本身含“比较，更”之意，不用more,most修饰。
误：Which do you prefer most?
正：Which do you prefer?
误：I prefer tea more to coffee.
正：I prefer tea to coffee.
[应用]选择正确答案
①Rather than_____on a crowded bus,he always prefers_____a
bicycle.(MET’94)
A.ride, rode B.riding, ride
C.ride, to ride D.to ride, riding
②They would prefer_____ with them.
A.her not going B.her not to go
C.she didn’t D.she not to go
Key:①C ②B
18.game,race, match
三个词都有“比赛”之意。game通常指“游戏、比赛”，其复数形式往往指大型运动会。race多指赛跑，赛马、赛车、赛船等运动。match指竞技比赛。
[应用]英译汉
①play games
②play a game of basketball
③the Asian Games
④horse race.
⑤a 1,500-metre race
⑥run a race
⑦have a volleyball match
⑧watch a match
Key:①做游戏，比赛 ②进行一次篮球比赛 ③亚运会 ④赛马 ⑤一千五百米赛跑 ⑥赛跑 ⑦举行排球比赛 ⑧观看比赛
20．-ing或-ed结尾的形容词
由-ing或-ed结尾的分词转化来的形容词，其意义不同。由-ing结尾的通常表示“某事/物令人感到……”；而-ed结尾的则表示被修饰词自身的感受。常用的有：exciting令人激动的；excited 激动的，兴奋的；astonishing 令人惊讶的；astonished 惊讶的；deighting 令人高兴的；delighted高兴的；disappointing令人失望的；disappointed感到失望的；encouraging令人鼓舞的；encouraged 受到鼓舞的；frightening令人可怕的；frightened吓坏了的；interesting令人感兴趣的；interested感兴趣的；moving动人的；moved受感动的；pleasing令人满意的；pleased满意的；shocking令人震惊的; shocked感到震惊；tiring使人疲备的；tired 疲劳的；worrying令人担心的；worried 担心的；satisfying 令人满意的；satisfied感到满意的。
[应用]选择正确答案
①The young lady stood________ for a moment when she saw
a beggar before her suddenly.
A.surprising B.to surprise
C.surprised D.having surprised
②She took a deep breath to calm herself,but her voice
still sounded________.
A.excitement B.excited
C.exciting D.excitedly
③He had spent a ______ day.
A.more worry B.most worrying
C.more worrying D.more worried
④The tiring trip made all of us rather_______.
A.tiring B.tired C.tire D.to be tired
Key:①C。主语是人。
②B。句子的涵义是：Her voice showed that she was still
excited.
③C ④B
经典名题导解
1.If______, we’ll go.
A.necessary B.being necessary
C.to be necessary D.it necessary
解析：此题考题“it+形容词或分词”作状语的结构。在英语中由if it is+adj引起的条件从句可以省略it is,直接用“if+adj或分词”的结构来代替类似的用法是when和while引起的时间从句中也可用“when/while+adj或分词”来代替“when/while it is...句型”。本题答案为A。
点评：解这类题时应注意“if/when/while+adj/分词”在句中应作状语，如用作其他成分不一定成立。
又如：When possible,I’ll help you with your English.
While waiting for you, I read newspapers.
2.At what time shall we______?
A.reach B.arrive C.get to D.arrive in
解析：此题考查reach, arrive,get to等词的用法。reach是一个及物动词，get to 也是一个及物动词短语，表示“到达某地”时后面都应该加上一个宾语。而arrive 是一个不及物动词，后面可以不用宾语，如表示到达某地则用arrive in/at。本题答案为B。
点评：解答此类题时学生应辨明动词的及物性。
又如：They arrived in Beijing yesterday.
3._____to call.
A.You are enough B.You are so kind
C.It’s very kind of you D.It’s kind for you
解析：此题考查it is+adj+of/for sb.to do sth. 的结构。在“it is+adj+of/for sb.to do sth.”的结构中。介词的使用很容易出现差错。一般来说如形容词是用来修饰人、表示人的特性特征的话用介词of ,如形容词是用来修饰to do sth.的话用介词for。故本题答案用C。
点评：解这类题时应特别注意形容词在句中修饰的成分。
又如: It is important for them to get up early in the morning.
It is necessary for us to learn computer.
4.Is this factory _______ he worked in last year?
A.that B.which C.the one D.where
解析：此题考查的是定语从句的用法。定语从句是本单元的重点语法内容。定语从句应有先行词，但本句话没有先行词，故本题正确答案为C。
点评：解这类题时，有的学生会将this factory 当作先行词而误用that或which,但本句为一般疑问句，因此this factory 为主句主语。若将此句改为Is this the factory-he worked in last year?则用that或which.
5.This is the library______ we can borrow books.
A.which B.that C.from which D.in which
解析：此题考查的是定语从句中关系代词的用法。关系代词在句子中的选择要根据先行词在从句中的作用（即充当的句子成分）来决定。其基本规律是先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时用that/who 或 which,作介词宾语时用介词+which或介词+whom（人）。本句意思是“我们可以从这家图书馆借到书。”故用介词+which (物)。所以本题答案为C。
点评：学生在答题时，一定要牢记定语从句的先行词在从句中一定要充当一个句子成分从而选择正确的答案。
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
A advise, contain, discuss, examine
B collect, control, fire, might, roof, wonder
2.短语
A as much as, at the end of, be rich/low in, burn up, change into, in the future, put on weight/lose weight, scores of, soft drink.
B belong to, break out, catch fire, get close to, in that case, look out, lose one’s life, on fire, on the 11th floor, put out
3.句型结构
1. I advise you(not) to do something.
2. You’d better(not) do something.
3. I suggest(that) you(not) do something.
4. Why not do something? / Why don’t you do something?
5. Find out where the nearest fire exit is as soon as you arrive at your hotel.
6. Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it .
7. The smoke from the fire was too thick for them to be able to land on the roof.
二、考点精析与拓展
1. advise; suggest
advise 与suggest 都可作“建议”讲，二者用法有同有异。
(1)相同点
表示建议做某事，advise与suggest都可采用下列三种句型:
① + 名词
② + 动名词
③ + that从句（从句中常用should加动词原形，should可以省略。）
eg. He advised/ suggested an early start.
He advised/ suggested (our) starting early.
He advised/ suggested that we (should) start early.
(注：只要是用从句表示建议该做的事，从句中就可用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。)上面的第三句可转化为：
It was suggested that we (should) start early.
What he suggested was that we(should) start early.
His suggestion was that we (should) start early.
(2)不同点
①advise后可以跟人称代词作宾语，而suggest后不可以跟人称代词作宾语。故可以说：
advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; suggest(to sb.)that...
前三种结构中不可将advise改为suggest，如：
他建议我们去参观博物馆。
[正]He advised us to go to visit the museum.
[误]He suggested us to go to visit the museum.
[误]He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.
②suggest还有“暗示、表明、说、指出（一个事实）”的意思。此时从句中用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。如：
The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陈述了一个事实，故用陈述语气。)比较：
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be
operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建议该做某事，从句中用should加动词原形，should在从句中省略。)
2. except; besides; except for+名词/except that+句子用法区别。
except 相当于but,表示“除了……以外（不包括在内）”，常与all, nobody,everything,everybody, nowhere等表示整体概念的词连用。besides相当于apart from，表示“除……以外（尚有）”之义。except for.../except that ...表示“除了……”之意，引述一个相反的原因或细节，因而部分地修正了句中的主要意思。如：Your article is well written except for some grammar mistakes.你的文章写得好，只是有几处语法错误。
3． in future;in the future; for the future
in future意思是“从今以后”。例如：
In future,be careful with your pronunciation.今后要注意你的发音。
Such a bad habit must be got rid of in future.今后成长须改掉这样的坏习惯。
in the furture意思是“将来、今后的日期”，但 不一定就是从今立即开始，而是将来的时间。例如：
No one can know what will happen in the future.没有人知道将来会发生什么事。
My sister wants to be actress in the future.我妹妹将来想当演员。
for the future的意思是“就未来而论、今后”，作“今后”解时可与in future替换使用。例如：
What are your plans for the future when you grow up? 你长大以后对你的未来有什么打算？
For the future, we’ll have to depend on ourselves.今后我们得依靠自己。
4．diet; food
两者都可作“食物”解。diet指的是习惯上吃的食物或规定要吃的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。food是一般用语。凡能吃喝的具有营养的东西都可称food.例如：
The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world。中国的饮食被认是世界上最健康的饮食。
Proper diet and exercise are both important to health.适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都很重要。
He is on a special diet to lose weight.他服用特别饮食以减肥。
The doctor put him on a liquid diet after operation.手术之后医生规定他吃流食。
They eat different kinds of food which change into energy.他们吃的各种各样的食物都转化成能量。
His food includes eggs, vegetables, fruit and some soft drinks.他的食物包括鸡蛋、蔬菜、水果和一些软饮料。
5. exmination; exam; test; quiz
examination通常只指正式的“考试”，如期末考试、入学考试等。exam是examination的缩写，常用于口语，多为学生使用。test为“小考”成“考查”,quiz为“测验”,特指事先无准备，随时进行的测验，也可指（广播节目中的）一般知识测验、问答比赛、猜谜等。例如：
He did very well in the entrance examination. 他在入学考试中成绩很好。
There’s going to be a physics test this afternoon.今天下午将进行物理考试。
The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz.老师对我们进行了一次五分钟的小测验。
6．as...as...用法小结
（1）...as+形容词（副词）原级+as...;not as/so+形容词（副词）原级+as...
Their factory is as large as ours.他们的工厂和我们的一样大。
I study as hard as you.我和你一样用功学习。
He doesn’t get up as/ so early as his parents.他不像他父母那样早起床。
（2）……倍数 + as + 形容词（副词）原级+as...
Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.=Line AB is twice longer than/3 times the length of Line CD.线段AB是线段CD长的3倍。
（3）as + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + as; as + 形容词+复数名词 + as
She is as good many records as possible.我们需要尽量多的唱片。
There is as much sugar in it as eight pieces of sugar.其中的含糖量相当于八块方糖。
I have’t got as much money as I thought.我没有原来想象的那么多钱。
（5）as much/ many as多达……，……那么多
On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as much as 650 calories an hour.在运动会上，进行接力赛跑时，你消耗的能量最多，可能每小时多达650卡。
As many as 700 different languages are spoken in Africa.非洲有多达700种不同的语言。
He didn’t catch as many as he’d hoped.他没有捉住预想的那么多。
（6）as...as possible; as... as one can
The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can. =The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老师在黑板上应尽可能仔细地把字写好。
Please be as friendly as possible to your friends.=Please be as friendly as you can.请对你的朋友尽可能友好。
（7）as...as + 年代数字/名词
As early as 1950 I knew him.早在1950 年我就认识他了。
He walked as far as the post office.他步行到邮局。
（8）as/so far as I know
As/ So for as I know, he will be away from home for 3 months.就我所知，他将要离家3个月。
（9）as soon as-……就……
Please let us know as soon as you arrive in Bejing.一到北京，请通知我们一声。
（10）as well as 和；也；还有
He gave me money as well as advice.他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。
He studies French as well as English.他不但学习英语，而且学习法语。
（11）as/so long as 只要；如果
You may use that dictionary as long as you take care of it.只要你好好保存，你可以用那本词典。
7. be out; put out
be out 指“（灯、火）熄灭”，强调状态。 put out 意为“熄灭、扑灭” ，强调动作。如：
Is the fire out ?
Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.
8. catch fire; on fire
catch fire 意为“着火”，表示动作。on fire 意为“着火、在燃烧”，表示状态。如：
Suddenly a pan of oil catches fire.
Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.
9. save; rescue
save意为“救、挽救”，是普通而含义广泛的常用词。指通过救援不但使受害者（人、动物或物）能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其在今后能安全地生存下去。有时可与rescue通用。如:
He operated on her at once, and Edison’s mother was saved.
They fight against the enemy to save their country.
rescue意为“救、营救、挽救”，多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速而有效的救援，一般指救人。如：
Helicopters were sent to rescue them, but it was impossible for them to get close enough.
10. cloth; clothes; dress
cloth指做衣服等用的“衣料、布”。一般作不可数名词。如:
I put a piece of wet cloth around my face and lay on the floor for about two hours.
注：用于表达特殊用途的布，如“桌布、抹布”等时，cloth用做可数名词。如：
He washed a table cloth just now.
clothes意为“衣服”，总是以复数形式出现，泛指身上穿的各部分衣着，包括上衣、裤子、内衣、背心等。如:
Look at these clothes. They are on Mrs Green’s clothes line.
注意：
（1）“一件衣服”不可说 a clothes, 应说 an article of clothing;“一套衣服”可说a suit(set) of clothes.
(2)clothes 前不可直接用数词修饰，如不可说three clothes.
(3)clothes 前可用these, those, the, many, few修饰，口语中可用much, little修饰。
(4)chothes作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数形式。
dress 可用于可数和不可数名词，用于可数名词时，常指妇女、儿童服装、内衣或外衣等公共场合穿的衣服。用于不可数名词时，统指“衣服”。该词可作动词，意为“给……穿衣”。如：
What colour is Mrs Green’s dress?
He could not wash himself or get dressed.
II．句型
1. advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事（suggest不这样用）。
①I advise you to take the chance.我建议你抓住机会。
②-What do you advise me to do?你建议我怎么办？
-I advise you not to lose heart; just keep on.我劝你不要灰心，继续干。
advise 还可同suggest一样，后接名词、代词、动名词（短语）和that从句（用虚拟语气）作宾语。
①-What would you advise?你有什么建议吗？
-I advise you an early start我建议你早点出发。
②I advise holding a metting to discuss the problem.我建议召开一次会议来讨论这个问题。
③I advise you (should) go to once.我建议你马上去。
2. had better (not) do sth.最好（不要）做某事。
用来委婉地提出建议或劝告.had通用于各种人称和数的形式.。
①You’d better give up smoking.It dose no good to your health.你最好把烟戒掉，吸烟对健康没好处。
②she had better not come this evening .今晚她最好不要来。
3.There is sth.wrong with...,......出问题了，出毛病了。
相当于sth.is wrong with….
①-What’s wrong with you?你怎么了？
-There is something wrong with my back.我的背有点毛病。
②-Is there anything wrong with yous radio?你的收音机出毛病了吗？
-Yes.It doesn’t work.是的，不响了。
4.by the age of/at the age of,by到……时为止。表示的是一段时间，句子通常用完成时态。
at在……时候。表示的是具体时间点，句子通常用一般时态。
①By the age of ten,he had learned to play the piano.10岁的时候，他就学会了弹钢琴。
②He was very clever.and at the age of 15 he went to college.他非常聪明，15岁时上大学了。
③By the end of this term,we’ll have learned English words.到本学期末，我们将学会2000个英语单词。
④At the end of this term,we’ll hold an English party.在本学期末，我们
将举行一次英语晚会.
5.so…that/such…that如此…以致于/结果……。
adj.
adv.
so+ adj.+a/an+n.(单数) +that
many/much/few/little+n.
a/an+adj.+n.(单数)
such+ n.(复数) +that
n.(不可数)
例句：①This film is so moving that I want to see it again.这电影太动人了，我还想再看一遍。
②He walked so fast that I couldn’t keep up with him.他走得太快，我跟不上。
③This is so interesting a book
such an interesting book
④The villagers were such kind people that they all came to help us.村民们都是好心人，都前来给我们帮忙。
⑤It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天气这么好，我们都想出去走走。
⑥There were so many books in the shop that he didn’t know which to buy.书店里书那么多，他都不知道买哪些。
三、经典名题导解
题1 （NMET ）
Boris has brain. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _______ IQ.
A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest
分析：B。higher是形容词比较级修饰IQ，在此表示“……班上没有人有更高的智商”，因此是泛指，前面加不定冠词。
题2 (上海 )
I suggest you ________by taking this medicine.
A. to lose weight B. will lose weight
C. lose weight D. are losing weight
分析：C。suggest 后是宾语从句，从句主语you与lose之间省略了 should.
题3 （NMET ）
Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to __________.
A. be put up B.give in C. be turned on D. go out
分析：put up 举起、搭起、张贴等；give in 投降、屈服；turn on 开、旋开（电灯、自来水等）。go out 为不及物动词词组，指“（灯、火等）熄灭”。答案为D。 gone out
When the firemen got there ,the fire had been put out.
救火员到时，火已经熄灭了（扑灭了）。
题4 （NMET 2000春）
John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out _____ he phones.
A. as long as B. in order C.in case D. so that
分析：C。as long as只要；in order that为了;in case以防; so that以致.从句意可知, 此题要用 in case.
题5 (NMET 2000)
I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ______.
A. at last B. in case C. one again D. in time
分析:B。A、B、C、D四个短语意义各不相同，A“最后”；C“再一次”；D“及时”；B“以防；万一”。从句意来看，应选in case,因为句子暗示“带一些钱以防（备用）”之意，相当于：I’ll bring some in case I need money.
题6 （NMET 2000）
Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up ________ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
分析:D。句中意义为“我还未得及接电话，他就挂断了”，体现的正是before的特殊意义。答案为D。
题7 （NMET 2000春）
Old Mc Donald gave up smoking for a while ,but soon ______ to his old ways.
A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
分析：A。表示过去的动作。
题8 （NMET 2000）
The reporter said that the UFO _______ east to west when he saw it .
A. was travelling B. travelled
C. had been travelling D. was to travel
分析：A。 when he saw it 表示时间的“那一刻”，指过去进行的动作。
题9 （NMET 1998）
Lisa _______ a book in Chinese last year, but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
A.wrote B. has written C . was writing D. had written
分析：C。 but I don’t know whether she has finished it .暗示过去的动作仍在进行，过去进行时可表示过去某个时期阶段性的动作或状态。
一、单元考点提示
1.重点单词
nature invitation
alive accept
greatly worth
sick ball
common continue
similar include
increase valuable
disappear match
equipment recognize
period scene
research palace
protect diamond
paint thief
discription government
steal belt
pretty case
happiness exactly
2.重点短语
at present 目前 year by year 年复一年
one day 有一天 after all 毕竟
call on 拜访(某人) day and night 日日夜夜
pay back 归还 at the most 至多
not…any more 不再
3.重点句型
It is hoped…/Good luck with your trip.
used to do sth./That sounds a good idea.
would like/love to do sth.
I’m sorry I don’t think I know you.
It cost sb.100yuan.
She married a man with a lot of money.
I hope you weren’t ill.
4.交际用语
Why are you making this journey?
Where are you travelling to?
How are you getting there?
How long will it take you to complete the trip?
What is the purpose of your new project?
We are trying to collect money for a wildlife project.
We want to …so that…
Excuse me, I’ve lost a case.I wonder if it’s been found.
Can you describe the case?
Yes, it’s.
Where have you been all these years?
What happened?
Have times been hard for you?
二、考点精析与拓展
1.increase v.& n.(使……)增长/加
Travel can increase our knowledge of the world.
旅行能加深我们对世界的了解。
The number of students in this school has increased to 3,000.
这个学校的学生人数已增加到3000人。
The population of the area increased by 5% last year.
这个地区的人口去年增加了5%。
an increase in production/ number/population.
生产/数量/人口增加
2.common adj.共同的；一般的；公共的
A great interest in music was common to them.
他们对音乐都有共同的强列的兴趣。
The common people in those days suffered a lot.
当时一般民众生活都很苦。
We work for the common good.
我们为了公共利益而工作。
3.[辨析] alive/living/live/lively
四个词都可用作形容词，但具体含义与用法不同。
alive“活着的”，是表语形容词，可修饰人、物；用作表语（可与living互换）、宾补和后置定语，不能用作前置定语。如；
The fish is still alive/living.那条鱼还活着。
Keep him alive, please.请让他活下去吧。
He is the only man alive in the accident.
他是事故中惟一活着的人。
living“有生命的，活着的”，多作表语和前置定语，可修饰人或物。如：
a living plant 活的植物
The living will go on with the work of the dead.活着的人将继续死者的工作。
Live[laiv]“活生生的，现场直播的”，用作前置定语，保修饰物，不指人。
a live tiger 一只活老虎
a live show/broadcast/TV program
现场转播的表演/实况广播/现场直播的电视节目
lively“活泼的，生动的”，可用作表语、定语，指人或物。如：
a lively child 活泼的孩子
a lively discription 生动的描述
a way of making one’s classes lively 使课堂生动的方法
4.[辨析] year by year/year after year
year by year(=every year)强调逐步转变的过程，“逐年（变化）”。
They liked the cold wet weather there and their number increased year by year.
糜鹿喜欢那里凉爽湿润的气候，因此它们的数量逐年增长。
The population increasing year by year.
人口年复一年在增长。
Year after year(=for years)强调“逐年不断、重复，年年（重复）”。
Don’t plant the same crop in the same field year after year.
不要年年都在同一块地里种同一种植物。
5.
It is hoped that our team will win the game.
人们希望我们的队赢得比赛。
It is said that the strange old man is a great artist.
据说那个怪老头是一位艺术大师。
It is believed that before writing was developed, people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together.
人们认为，在出现书写以前，中国人常把石块放在一起来记事。
It is reported in the papers that the president of the U.S.A will arrive next Monday.
据报纸报道美国总统下星期一抵达。
6.recognize vt.辨认出；承认
Do you recognize his hand writing ?
你能认出他的笔迹吗？
They recognized him to be a great leader.
他们承认他是一位伟大的领袖。
He didn’t recognize that he had made a big mistake.
他不承认自己犯下了大错。
7.“我的金项链花了2500元”有多种译法：
8.all adj .,adv.一切的，完全；n.一切
9.marry vi.vt.结婚，嫁或娶
She married very early/well.
她结婚很早/她嫁得很好。
Jane iis going to marry John.简就要嫁给约翰了。
-Is she married?她结婚了吗？
-Yes, she has been married for five years.
是的，她已经结婚五年了。
She was married to a doctor.她和一个医生结了婚。
He married his son to a rich lady.
他为独生子娶了个有钱的女子。
10.continue v.继续
They rain continued for three days.雨连续了3天。
They continued their game after lunch.
他们午饭后继续比赛。
He continued writing /to write late into the night.
他继续写作到深夜。
The weather continued cold.天气持续寒冷。
三、经典名题导解
题1 Shortly after the accident, two ______ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of
分析： two 为关键词。数词及many, several, a few 等与dozen, hundred, thousand,million等词连用时，这些词一不能用复数，二不能接of。
答案：C
题2 The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets_____.
A. was booked B. had been booked
C. were booked D. have been booked
分析：分数、百分数作定语时，后边要加of，再加名词。谓语随of后面的名词单复数变化。结合时态用法本题答案应为B。
答案：B。
题3 I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ______.(NMET 2002)
A. at last B. in case C. one again D. in time
分析：A、B、C、D四个短语意义各不相同，A“最后”；C“再一次”；D“及时”；B“以防；万一”。从句意来看，应选in case, 因为句子暗示“带一些钱以防（备用）”之意，相当于：I’ll bring some in case I need money.
答案：B。
题4 Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise.
,our minds are developed by learning.(上海 2000)
A. Probably B. Likely C. Similarly D. Generally
分析：句中是将our minds与our bodies相类比。因此，应用“相似地，类似地”。
答案：C
题5 A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built
C. has been built D. is being built
分析：由后句的“They hope to finish it next month”可知“新电影院在建”，即应用进行时态。又因为build同cinema之间存在被动关系，故应用被动语态的进行时。
答案：D
题6 Jack London , for______ life had once been very hard, was successful later.
A. which B. whom C. whose D.that
分析:句意为：杰克伦敦的生活曾一度非常艰难，但后来却相当成功。该句中间部分是一个非限制性定语从句，其中，介词for是由后边提前的，相当于whom life had once been very hard for,另外,life 在此作“生活”讲，为泛指的抽象名词，前边不需加什么词。
答案： B
题7 He changed his mind for the second time, after _____I refused ever to go out again.
A. what B. that C. all D. which
分析：after which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代逗号前整个句意。
答案：D。
题8 You look not a bit older than you did 5 years ago. How do you_____ so young?
A. change B. grow C. become D. stay
分析：由句意可断定选D。stay=keep=remain,为系动词。
答案：D。
题9 -Oh, it’s you! I_____ you.
-I’ve just had my hair cut,and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized
C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize
分析：“认出”的动作是在对话之前发生的，即表示过去的动作。注意：recognize为终止性动作动词，动作不可延续，不能与段时间连用。
答案：A
题10 My uncle _____ until he was forty- five.(上海2000)
A. married B. did’t marry
C. was not marrying D. would marry
分析： marry 为终止性动作动词，故不能用行时，即不能选择选项C。当终止性动作动词同until连用时，应用其否定形式。
答案：B。
一、单元考点提示
1.before long;long before
before long 意为“不久、很快”（soon,after a short period of time）,其中的before是介词，long是名词，在句中作状语，常与将来时或过去时连用。如：
Before long he had to move on again.
long before意为“很久以前”，其中的long是副词。long before单独使用时，before是副词。long before后接名词或代词时，before为介词。long before后接从句时，before为连词。该词组常与过去时、过去完成时连用。如：
They heard of it long before.
I knew your brother long before I knew you.
2.force; make
force和make均有“迫使”之义，但有区别。force常含有暴力威胁之意，常用于“force+名词/代词+带to的不定式”结构。如：
When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.
The PLA men forced the enemy to surrender(投降).
make 所表示的迫使意义没有force强，常用于“make+名词/代词+省略to的不定式”结构。如：
What makes you think I’m a worker?
How did Lin Feng make the baby stop crying?
注：当make用于被动语态时，其后作主语补足语的不定式要带to。如：The workers were made to work ten hours a day.
3.such… that;so…that
such…that和so…that 引导的都是结果状语从句。一般such+名词+that,so+形/副词+that，其具体用法如下：
（1）such… that:
①such修饰单数可数名词，即such+a/an+(形)+单数可数名词，如：
It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
This is such a good book that I have read it several times.
②such修饰复数可数名词，即：such+(形)+复数可数名词，如：
These are such small shoes that I can’t wear them.
③such修饰不可数名词，即：such+(形)+不可数名词，如：
He made such rapid progress that he did well in mid-term examination.
④such与one,no等词一起修饰名词时，这些词要放在such的前面，即：
one
no
any
all 单数可数名词
many +such+ 复数可数名词 ,如:
some 不可数名词
several
few
He has made some such mistakes.
I have met many such people.
One such book is enough.
There is no such a word in the dictionary.
All such story-books must be collected.
I have few such good books.
I have never met any such persons.
注：such a lot of +名词，而不能说a lot of such+名词。
（2）so…that
①so修饰形容词或副词，即：so+ 形/副+that，如：
Mr Wang is so busy that he can’t leave his office.
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
②so也可以修饰名词，但该名词前必须有many,few,little等表示数量多少的词修饰。如：
many
so+ +可数名词复数
few
much
so+ +不可数名词复数
little
该句型只能用so,而不能用such,如：
I have had so many falls(跌了那么多跤)that I’m black and blue(青一块紫一块)all over.
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
Teachers in our school have so much work to do that they are busy all day.
John has so little money that he can’t buy the book.
(3)such…that与 so…that 的相互转换
当被修饰部分是“ a/an+形容词+名词”时，以上两个句型可以通过调整a或an的位置进行互换。即：
such a/ an+形容词+名词+that…=so+形容词/a/an+名词+that…。如：
It is such a good book that I have read it several times.
=It is so good a book that I have read it several times.
This is such an important meeting that you should attend it.
=This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.
注:当被修饰的部分是“形容词+复数名词或不可数名词”时，二者不能进行转化。如：
such good students 不能改为：so good students.
such rapid progress 不能改为：so rapid progress.
4.advice 的用法
advice的用法有如下几点值得注意：
(1)advice表示“忠告、建议”，是不可数名词。表示忠告的数量，要借助piece 来表达。如：
a piece/two pieces of advice一条/两条建议
(2)advice后接that从句，从句的谓语常用“（should+）动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。如：
The doctor gave his father advice that he (should)not smoke any more.医生建议他的父亲不要吸烟了。
(3)give advice on表示“在……方面提出建议”，后面的 on 有时可改为 about。如：
He gave us some advice on/about how to study well.他给我们提了些如何搞好学习的建议。
5.表示年龄的介词
(1)表示“在某人十几岁/二十几岁/三十几岁……九十几岁”时，用介词in,即构成短语“in one’s teens/twenties/thirties…nineties”。如：
When Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia.当马克思五十几岁时，他发现研究俄国形势很重要。
(2)表示某人超过多少岁时，用介词over或above。如：
My father is a man above fifty.我父亲是一个五十多岁的人。
He didn’t get married until he was over forty.他直到四十多岁才结婚。
(3)表示某人不到多少岁时，用介词under或below。如：
People below eighteen years of age have no rights to vote.不到十八岁的人没有选举权。
The teachers here are all under thirty years old.这里的老师都不到三十岁。
(4)表示某人大约多少岁时，用介词about或 around。如：
The men invited yesterday is about sixty.昨天被邀请的人约六十岁。
(5)表示某人接近多少岁时，用介词towards或near。如：
The old many towards 100 years old passed away last year.那个差不多满百岁的老人去年去世了。
(6)表示某人正好多少岁时，用介词at或介词短语 at the age of。如：
My father began to make a living at 15/at the age of 15.我父亲在十五岁时开始谋生。
另外，也可用“介词of+数词”来表达，不过此短语常作后置定语。如：
When Edison was a boy of sixteen,he invented many things.当爱迪生还是一个十六岁的孩子时，他就发明了许多东西。
6.die用法小结
(1)“死亡”是个终止性动词，不能用完成时态，如果要与表示一段时间的状语连用时，需使用其形容词形式dead（死的）。如：
He died ten years ago.
He has been dead for ten years.
(2)没有进行时，如果用进行时，则表示“渐渐死去、快死去、渴望”的含义。如：
The dog is dying.
She is dying to know the result.
(3) 与die构成的一些动词词组：
①die away“逐渐消失、平息”。如：
The sound has died away.
②die by“死于……”，常与暴行、刀剑等词搭配。如：
The thief died by sword(刀剑)。
③die for “为……而死”。如：
He died for the people. His death is as heavy as Mount Tai
④die from“由于……而死”，后常接灾祸、衰弱、负伤等外因。
He died from a chest wound.(胸部受伤)
He died from weakness.(衰弱)
⑤die of“因（患）……而死”，后常接年老、疾病、情感、贫寒等内因的死。如：
The baby died of a fever.
The old woman died of grief(悲伤)soon after her husband’s death.
⑥die out“熄灭、绝种（迹）”。如：
The lights died out suddenly.
Many old customs are gradually(逐渐地)dying out.
7.同源宾语用法
一般来讲，不及物动词不能带宾语。但英语中有些不及物动词可带上与该动词同根的名词作宾语，语法上称作“同源宾语”。可带同源宾语的动词常用的有：
live,smile,dream,die,breathe,laugh,sleep,sing,fight,run等。
(1)live a happy/hard/simple/quiet/miserable life过着幸福/苦难/俭朴/安静/悲惨的生活，如：
In the past people lived a hard life but now they are living a happy life.
(2)smile a forced smile勉强笑笑，如：
He smiled a forced smile at me and went away.
(3)dream a wonderful/bad/terrible dream做美/恶梦
(4)die a heroic/glorious death英勇就义/光荣牺牲
die a sudden death突然死去
(5)breathe a deep breath做深呼吸，如：
It is good for us to breathe a deep breath in the morning.
(6)laugh a merry laugh开心一笑
laugh a foolish laugh傻笑
(7)sleep a sound sleep熟睡，睡得极甜
sleep a comfortable sleep睡得很舒服
(8)sing a wonderful/beautiful song唱着优美的歌曲
(9)fight a victorious battle 打胜仗
(10)run a fast race快跑
以上可看出同源宾语的特点：
(1)同源宾语前面常有形容词修饰。
(2)同源宾语前常用不定冠词修饰
(3)separate…from;divide…into
divide表示“分开、划分、分割”，引申表示“意见不合、使不合”的意思，侧重把某一整体的人或物分成若干份。如：
Ireland is divided into two countries.
爱尔兰被分成两个国家。
注意：divide后可接into和among,即divide A into B,意为：把A划分成B；divide sth.among/between sb.常指把一具体东西分给几个或更多的人。如：
The teacher divided the boys from the girls.老师把男孩子和女孩子分为两组。
He divided the cake among the children.他把蛋糕分给孩子们。
separate表示“分离”“分隔”，常与from连用。指把原来连在一起的或靠在一起的人或物分隔开，使之间隔一段距离。另外，separate可用做形容词，表示“单独的”。如：
The two islands are separated by the Irish Sea.两个岛屿被爱尔兰海分隔开来。
The patients should be separated from the others.这些病人应当隔离。
8. part of ;a part of
二者可接单、复数可数或不可数名词，名词前要有the,these,your等限定词。尽管两个词组都表示“部分”，但词义范围有所不同。a part of指整体的一半以下，一小部分。如：
A great part of the city was destroyed.市内很大一部分地区被毁。
part of指整体的一半或一半以下。part of 中的part可用复数parts.如：
I’ve read part of the book.这本书我看了一部分。
In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.世界上有许多地方把玉米磨成粉。
注意：若强调某物是整体的不可分割的一部分，往往只用part of.如：
Taiwan is part of China’s territory. 台湾是中国领土（不可分割）的一部分。
9.be famous for;be famous as
这一对短语都是“以……而出（著）名”的意思，但它们会在含义和用法上有区别。
(1)当主语是表示人的名词时，be famous for表示“以某种知识、技能、作品或特征而出名”，be famous as 则表示“以某身份而出名”。试比较：
Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity.爱因斯坦以他的相对论而著名。
Einstein was famous as a great scientist.爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称。
(2)当主语是地点名词时，be famous for 表示“以某种特点（产品）而出名”；be famous as 则表示“以什么样的产地而出名”。如：
Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside.苏格兰有许多湖泊和山脉，并以其乡村美景著称。
The area is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区以绿茶产地而出名。
(3)当主语是事物名词时，be famous for表示“以其内容、特征、价值等而被人所知”；be famous as 则表示“以某种形式出名”。如：
This grammar book is famous for its practical usage. 这本语法书以其实用性而被人所知。
This book is famous as a reference book.这是一本有名的参考书。
总之，be famous for后的介词是主语的所属内容，而be famous as 后的介词宾语则与主语是同位成分。
10.feed…to;feed…on(with);feed on
这三个词组都有“喂食”的意思，但使用时须注意区别：
(1)feed…to中的feed是及物动词，其后接饲料或食物名词作宾语，to为介词，其后一般接动物或小孩等名词表示对象，其词组意思是：把……喂给……吃。如：
Please feed some grass to the cow.请给牛喂点草。
She has fed milk to the baby.她已给婴儿喂过奶。
(2)feed…on 中的feed也是及物动词,其后接人或动物名词作宾语, on后接食物或饲料名词,其词组表示“用……喂……”。On可与with 替换。如：
The child was feeding the monkey on/with a banana.那孩子用香蕉喂猴子。
(3)feed on 中的feed为不及物动词，意思是“食、吃”（主要指动物，若指人则为口语或诙谐用语），与介词on连用构成及物动词词组，其词组意思是“以……为食，靠……为生”，其主语主要用来指动物，也可用于指婴儿，其宾语通常是食物或饲料名词。如：
Cattle feed mostly on grass.牛以草为主食。
feed on与live on同义，但live on主要用于指人，以人作主语，常以表示食物、工资、钱等的名词作宾语。如：
People live on rice.这里的人以大米为主食。
She lives on a small salary.她靠微薄的薪水为生。
但live on 也可用于指动物，以动物名词作主语。例如：
All ants live/feed on liquid food.所有的蚂蚁以液体食物为主。
二、考点精析与拓展
题1 （上海 ）
It is not rare in _______ that people in_____fifties are goig to university for further eduation.
A.90s; their B.the 90s ;不填
C.90s; 不填 D.the 90s;their
分析：D。表示“20世纪90年代”应用in the 90s，在某人50多岁的时候应用in one’s fifties。
题2 （NMET 1995）
He gained his ______ by painting______of famous writers.
A.wealth;work B.wealths; works
C.wealths;work D.wealth;works
分析：D。wealth财富，为不可数名词，故不能选择B和C。works表“著作、作品”，可数名词，常用复数。
题3
-I’d like________ information about the management of your hotel,please.
-Well,you could have ______ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A.some;a B.an;some C.some;some D.an;a
分析：A。information为不可数名词，前不能加不定冠词，所以B，D应排除。have a word with sb.是英语中的固定词组，意为“谈一谈”。
题4 （上海 1993）
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he_________.
A.had long been expected B.had long expected
C.has long expected D.was long expected
分析：B。expect的动作发生在receive之前，即过去时态之前，所以用过去完成时态。
题5 （NMET ）
-Is John coming by train?
-He should,but he______ not. He likes driving his car.
A.must B.can C.need D.may
分析：D。 该题考查情态动词用法，根据题意可知：John应该坐火车来，但也许不是（坐火车来）。从四个选项的否定形式看：mustn’t表示“绝对禁止、不允许”，can’t 表示“不可能”，needn’t表示“没必要”，may not 表示“可能不”，所以应用may not.
题6
Which is _____ country, Canada or Australia?
A.a large B.larger C.a larger D.the larger
分析：D。要比较两个中“较……的一个”，应用比较级。所以前面加the.
一、单元考点提示
1、单词
A as,at/in/on,like,president,news,death,consider
B tired,well,consider,suggest,need,worry,stop,interest,
不定代词的修饰语
2、短语
A fight against,used to,no more than,become interested in,be against,set up,of one’s own,be free to do sth.,break away from,break out,join up,call for,for the second time
B get along/get along with,be kind to,make fun of,anything else,tell a lie,at all，形容词比较级表示最高级含义
3、句型结构
1.so+adj.(adv.)
2.so+adj.+a(n)+单数可数名词
3.so+adj.(少数表示量的形容词)+可数名词复数（或不可数名词）
4.spend time/money on sth.
5.spend time in doing sth.
6.seem为连系动词，其基本句型和用法
二、考点精析与拓展
I.单词和词组
1、break 小结
break 一词常用搭配有：
（1）break out(战争、火灾、争吵、瘟疫等)爆发
A big fire broke out in the city last week.
(2)break away from 脱离
A carriage(车厢)broke away from the train.
(3)break the law 违反法律
Who breaks the law will be punished by the law.
(4)break in 破门而入；打断
He broke in to say that he was not interested in what I was talking about.
(5)break down 损坏；中断
Her fridge has broken down for a long time.
(6)break off 打断；结束；暂停
They were arguing(争论)but broke off when someone came into the room.
(7)break into闯入；侵入
Thieves broke into my house when I was out.
2.consider用法小结
consider是个很常用的动词，其意义不同，句型结构也不同。我们在学习中要特别注意。
（1）作“仔细考虑、深思熟虑”解，consider可作不及物动词或及物动词。
作及动词时，后可接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式，相当于宾语从句。例如：
Consider carefully before you decide.
你要慎重考虑后再做决定。
They considered your suggestion.他们仔细考虑了你的建议。
He is considering studying abroad.他在考虑出国留学。
We are considering how to help them.我们在考虑如何帮助他们。
（2）作“将……视为、认为、以为”解。
①可用consider+名词+（to be）名词（形容词）或consider+名词+as+名词（形容词）结构，但当不定式为行为动词时，不能省略，不可用于进行时。这样用时相当于that引导宾语从句。例如：
He considers himself(to be)clever(=as clever).=He considers that he is clever.他认为自己很聪明。
I consider him(to be)my closest friend(as my closest friend).=I consider(that)he is my closest friend.我把他视为我最亲密的朋友。
He is considered to have invented the first computer.他被认为是最早发明计算机的人。
②还可用于consider+it(形式宾语)+形容词+不定式结构。例如：
I consider it wrong for students to smoke.我认为学生抽烟是不对的。
3.fight against;fight for
fight with,fight against意为“为反对……而战、与……作斗争”,against 后面接的是反对的对象，如：
They are fighting against their enemy.他们在与敌人作战。
Political leaders fought against slavery.政治领导们为了反对奴隶制度而斗争。
fight for 意为“为争取……而斗争、因为……而打架”。如：
Two dogs fight for a bone,and a third runs away with it.两只狗为抢一块骨头而打架，另一只狗把骨头叼走了。
fight with意为“同……（一起并肩）作战、与……作战”，它含有两重意思，试比较：
They fought with the Italian in the last war.他们在最后的这次战争中是与意大利人作战。
They fought with the Italian against France in that war.在那次战争中，他们和意大利联合作战反对法国。
4.no more than;not more than;no more...than;not more...than
no more than 意为“仅仅、只不过”，相当于only。它与数字连用时，意为“仅仅至多”，强调“少”，带有说话者的感情色彩。如：
I am no more than a teacher.我只是个教师而已。
There were no more than two hospitals in this city before liberation.解放前，这座城市里只有两家医院（表示很少）
not more than 后面接数词时，表示“不超过、最多”的意思。用来说明情况，并含有“少”之意，也不带有说话者的主观色彩。如：
There are not more than ten minutes left.最多只剩下10分钟了。（表示客观事实）
“no more+形容词（副词）原级+than”意为“两者同样不”，前面和后面同时否定，带有感情色彩。如:
This tool is no more useful than that one.
这件工具与那件工具一样没有用。（两者都没有用）
“not more+形容词（副词）原级＋than”意为“A不比B更……”。这是比较级的正规用法，表示比较的事实，两者都肯定。如：
This tool is not more useful than one.这样工具不及那件工具有用。（两者都有用）
5.shoot sb./sth;shoot at sb./sth.
在shoot sb./sth.中，shoot为及物动词，除了shoot the arrow(射箭)外，其宾语多为射击的对象，即人或动物等。Shoot意为“打中、打死、枪决”。而在shoot at sb./sth.中，shoot为不及物动词,at表示动作的方向或目标，打中与否不得而知。试比较：
He shoot the bear.他打中了那只熊。
He shoot at the bear.他朝那只熊射击。
三者均有“最后、终于”的含义。
finally常用于动词之前，表示人们长期以来期待的某事最后实现了，也可指一系列事物或论点的顺序。例如：
After putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.经过三次延期之后,我们终于在希腊度了一次假。
They talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.他们谈论了几个小时，最后决定不去。
at last 有时可与finally互换，但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后，语气更强烈。例如：
When at last they found him, he was almost dead.当人们最终找到他时，他已经奄奄一息了。
James has passed his exams at last.詹姆斯终于通过了考试。
in the end指经过许多变化、困难的捉摸不定的情况之后，某事才发生。例如：
We made five different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我们制订了五种不同的度假方案，但最后我们还是选定了再来一次夏令营活动。
7.when,where 引导定语从句
关系副词when和where用来引导定语从句，分别在从句中作时间和地点状语。学习和使用关系副词when和 where时，应注意以下要点。
（1）关系副词 when在定语从句中作时间状语，关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语；
他们分别替代前面表时间和地点的先行词，因此定语从句中不能再出现先行语所表示的时间或地点状语，否则会犯语义重复的错误；同时 when和where不能省略。例如：
It’s about a time when there were black slaves in North America.他描述的是那样一个时期，在那时美国北方还有黑奴存在。
The planet where we live looks a big round blue ball from space.我们所生活的这个星球，从太空上看就像一个很大的蓝色圆球。
（2）通常可用“介词+which”的形式来替代when或where.当介词未直接置于引导词前时，也可用关系代词that替代which。例如：
It also keeps a record of the date on which/when they will travel.它（计算机）还把他们旅行的日期也记录下来。
They were held in Greece-the counrty in which/where the games were born.它们（第一届奥运会）是在奥运会的发源地希腊举行的。
但有时when, where不能或不宜与“介词+which”互换。例如：
The temperature at which ice changes into water is zero degree centigrade.(at which不能换用where)冰变成水的温度是摄氏零度。
You may come any time when you are convenient.（when不宜换用at/on/in which等，因这里any time所表示的时间概念不明确）你可以在方便的任何时候来。
（3）when,where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别：
引导定语从句时，when和where在意义上是先行词的同位语，即他们表示的是同一概念；而引导状语从句时，他们与其前面的名词之前没有这种关系，因此这时的when和where不能换成“介词+which”。例如：
Please make notes where you don’t understand.（状语从句）请在你不懂的地方做上记号。
I’ll always think of those terrible days when I come back to the city.(状语从句)每当我回到这个城市，总会想起那些可怕的日子。
（4）当先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时，要根据他们在定语从句中充当的句子成分来确定引导词该用when,where还是which或that.
先行词在定语从句中作状语时用when或where,作主、宾、表语时则要用which或that.请看下面的比例句：
Tibet is a place where generations of Tibetan people have been living.(作地点状语)西藏是藏族人民世代居住的地方。
Tibet is a beautiful and mystical place which people from all of the world look forward to visiting.（作宾语）西藏是一个美丽而神奇的地方，全世界的人都盼望去看看。
Galileo lived at a time the human spirit was walking after a thousand years of sheep.(作时间状语)伽利略生活的时代是人类灵魂经过了千年之后正在苏醒的时代。
3．used to ;would; be used to
(1)used to 表示“过去惯常”，但“现在不做了”，指过去的习惯或状态，to 为不定式符号，后跟动词原形。有两点须注意：
①否定式。used to do sth.的否定式有两种形式：
used not (usedn’t)to do sth.
didn’t use to do sth.例如：
He didn’t use to (usedn’t to)like country music,but now
he is getting interested.
②疑问式。used to do sth.的疑问式也有两种形式。其简短回答中的to通常不予省略，但动词原形常被省略。
Did + sb.(主语)+ use to do sth.?
Used + sb.(主语)+ to do sth.?
Did he use to play basketball?
Used he to play basketball?
(2)would(可以)是will的过去式，也可表示习惯动作。
①would用于过去将来时。
过去将来时的基本形式是：would+动词原形，在英国英语中，主语是第一人称时，would可换做should，第二、三人称用would。
I thought I would make lots of new friends.我曾认为我会交上许多新朋友。
②would表示过去习惯的动作。
“would + 动词原形”表示过去的习惯动作，与used to 同义，但与used to 有别。Used to do表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，同时隐含有“现在已经有所改变”的意思，而“would+do sth.” 可以用来表示“过去经常发生”，但不表示“过去存在的状态”。
She used to say“No pains,no gains”。
她过去常说：“不劳而获”。（used to可以换为would）
I used to live in the countryside.我过去住在农村。（此句的used to不可用would换用）
（3）be used to具有双重含义：
①be used to是use sth.to do sth的被动形式，意为“被用来干某事”，to为不定式符号。例如:Rice may be used to make wine.
②be used to表示“习惯于……，”be可以换为get或become,表示“开始、变得习惯于……”，to 为介词，其后接名词、代词或动词作宾语。例如：
I’m used to English food.
4.pattern;model;example
pattern“型、式样、图样”可指供模仿的某物原型或精心设计出的图样或模型，也可指榜样。如：
Can you use the sentence pattern?他会用这个句型吗？
She is a pattern for us.她是我们学习的典范。
model“模型、模范”，指供模仿或值得信效的人或物。如：
Have you seen his model ship?你看见过他的船模吗？
example “例子、榜样”,主要指人及其行为和活动被他人信效。如：
Example is better than precept.身教重于言教。
5．Recently;lately
两者均可表示“近来、最近”，但用法不同。
recently 是书面语，常被quite,just,but, very,only等词所修饰，以加强语气。主要用于肯定句中。如:
He’s only recently begun billogy. 他只是最近才开始学生物。
I didn’t know it until quite recently.我一直到最近才知道。
Lately常用于口语，指与现在有联系的一段时间，常见于否定句或疑问句中。如：
I haven’t seen him lately.我近来没有看到他。
6．reply;answer
reply和answer均可解作“回答、答道”，但用法有别。reply用做不及物动词时，可用reply to sb./sth.;作及物动词后跟直接引语或宾语从句，但不能直接跟人或物作宾语。如：
Please reply to my question.请回答我的问题。
He replied that he knew the news.他回答说他知道这消息。
answer 用作及物动词，可直接跟名词或代词作宾语，而reply应加to才可接名词或代词。如：
He answered the examination paper quite well.他考卷答得很好。
fail to reply to a question/letter未能回答问题/回信
7.because;because of
二者均表示“因为”，区别是：
because是从属连词引导原因状语从句；而because of是一个合成介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词或what从句组成介词短语。如:
I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨，而是因为我累了。
Her face turned red because of what he said.他的话使她脸红了。
8.suggest+宾语从句
suggest 在此意为“建议”，后面的宾语从句的谓语用了虚拟语气，其结构是：should do或do,否定形式为：should not do或not do.如：
I suggested that LiMing (should)be sent to the south.
我建议把李明派往南方。
I suggested that he (should)not do it today.我建议他今天先不要做。
suggest只有作“建议”解时，后面才可以跟“should(not)+动词原形”的形式，当suggest作“表明”解时不可以用此结构。如：
His smile suggested that he was quite satisfied with our work.他的微笑表示他对我们的工作很满意。
同时，即使是suggest作“建议”解，在现代英语中，谓语也可以用其他形式。
I suggest that you don’t ask him home for the vacation.我建议你假期不要邀他回家去。（句中用don’t ask,而没有用should not ask或not ask）
I suggest that Robert might go to Beijing and have a talk with Mr Wu.我建议罗伯特去北京同吴先生谈一谈。（句中用might go而没有用should go 或go）
9.like 用法小结
（1）like 用做动词（及物）通常表示一般的“喜欢”，为口语用词，词意没有love感情强烈，反义词为hate。
①like + n.(pron.)
Does Li Ming like bananas？李明喜欢吃香蕉吗？
Do you like it?你喜欢它吗？
②like + v.-ing(动名词)
Do you like working in China?你喜欢在中国工作吗？
③like + to + v.(不定式)
I like to keep busy.我喜欢生活得紧张。
④would like(=would love)后接名词、代词或不定式，多用于有礼貌地提出要求，意为“想要、愿意”。
Would you like something to drink?你想喝点什么吗？
I’d like two sweaters for my daughter.我要给我女儿买两件运动衫。
Would you like to come?你愿意来吗？
⑤How do you like...?(=What do you think of...?)此句型用于询问对方对某人（物）的看法，意为“你觉得 ……怎么样？”
How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样？
(2)like 用做介词，意为“像……一样”，反义词为unlike。
①like 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
Don’t throw it like that .别那样扔它。
They’re round,like the moon.它们是圆的，像月亮一样。
Walking on the moon is just like flying .在月球上行走就像飞一样。
②look like意为“看起来像……一样”。
It looks like a chicken.它看起来像一只鸡。
③feel like+v-ing意为“想……”。
I had a little,but I don’t feel like eating.我吃了一点，可我不想吃。
④What’s the weather like...?(=How’s the weather like...?)此句型用来询问天气情况，意为“……天气怎么样？”。
What’s the weather like in Australia now?现在澳大利亚天气情况怎么样？
II 句型
1.As a child….:As/When he was a child…，小的时候，该句型中的as为连词，意为“在……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。当从句与主句主语一致，且从句谓语为be时，可将从句主语及be省略。
①Even as(he was)a student,Professor Smith showed great interest in maths.甚至上学的时候，史密斯教授对数学就很感兴趣。
②As(he was)a boy,he liked playing table tennis with the grown-ups.小时候，他就喜欢和大人们打乒乓球。
2.(1)used to do sth.过去（常常）做某事。意谓着“现在不做了”。
①As a boy,I used to swim in this river.小时候常在这条河里游泳。
②He used to come to see me once a month.他过去每月来看我一次。
（2）be/get used to sth./doing sth.习惯于（做）某事。
①I’m used to the life/living here now.现在我习惯了这里的生活/生活在这里。
②He used to get up very late,but now he is used to getting up very early.他过去常起床很晚，但现在已习惯了早起了。
（3）be used to do sth.被用来做某事。
Bamboo can be used to make paper.竹子能用来造纸。
3.do all sb.can to do sth.:do what sb.can to do sth.尽某人的所能做某事
all 后面为that 所引导的定语从句，that在从句中作宾语已被省略；can后面为避免重复省略了do;后面的to do sth.为不定式（短语）作目的状语。all(that)sb.can(do)相当于宾语从句what sb.can(do)。
①I’ll do all I can to help you.我将尽力帮助你。
②He did all he could to improve his spoken English. 他尽了最大努力来提高英语口语水平。
4.no more than:only仅仅；只有。具有感情色彩，强调“少”。与no less than 相对。
Not more than:less than;at most不到；至多。说明客观事实。与not less than相对。
①He has no more than 20 yuan.他只有20元钱。（强调钱“少”）
He has not more than 20 yuan.他有不到20元钱。（说明客观事实）
②No less than 50 people attended the meeting.参加会议的人不少于50多个。（强调“多”）
Not less than 50 people attended the meeting.参加会议的有50多人。（说明客观事实）
注意：no用于比较级之前总含有感情色彩；not用来否定比较级则只说明客观事实。
①you are no taller than I.你并不比我高。（我们两人都矮）
you are not taller than I.你不如我高。
②This question is no more diffcult than that one.这个问题并水比那个（容易的）问题难。
This question is not more diffcult than that one.这个问题不如那个问题难。
5.In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected president….1860年林肯被选为总统。
president/chairman/head/captain/director/mornitor等表示头衔、职位的名词，在用作同位语、补语或表语时，前面通常不加冠词。
6.suggest vt.建议；提议。有三种常用句式（但不能说suggest sb.to do sth.）。
（1）suggest sth.
①Who suggested the plan?谁提出的这项计划？
②She suggested Shanghai for their meeting.他提议在上海会面。
（2）suggest doing sth.（不能接不定式）
①He suggested going for a swim in the river after lunch.他提议午饭后去河里游泳。
②I suggest talking with him as soon as possible.我建议尽快和他谈。
（3）suggest than……此时的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+原形”，should可以省略。
①I suggested (that)Jane(should)start at once.我建议简马上出发。
②I suggested Jack not wear the sweater.我建议杰克不要穿背心。
③We suggested he be punished.我们提议惩罚他。
注意：suggest当“表明;暗示”讲时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
①The smile on her face suggested she was very happy.脸上的微笑说明她很高兴。
②His silence suggested that he didn’t agree with us.沉默不语表明他不同意我们的意见。
7.向别人提建议时常用的句型。
①Why don’t you do sth.……？你怎不……？
②Why not do sth.？（上句的省略）为什么不……？
③You’d better do sth.你最好是……。
例如：
①Why don’t you ask them to help you?你怎么不叫他们帮助你呢？
②Why not/don’t you go for a walk with them?为什么不和他们一块去散步呢？
③You’d better go to see a doctor this afternoon.你最好下午去看医生。
8.What do you think I should do?你认为我该怎么办？
其中的do you think看作插入语，相当于what should I do,do you think?
①I think Tom is the best student in our class.我认为汤姆是我们班最好的学生。划线Tom 提问则得：Who do you think is the best student in our class?你认为谁是我们最好的学生？
（不能说：Do you think who is the best student in our class?）
②What do you think is going to happen next?你认为下一步要发生什么事。
③Which way do you think is better?你认为哪个方法较好呢？
三、经典名题导解
题1（上海 ）
-Excuse me,may I ask you some questions?
-Sorry.I’m too busy and haven’t even a minute to______.
A.spend B.spare C.share D.stop
分析：B。spare为“抽出时间”的意思，其他词意均不符合本题。
题2（NMET 1993）
Charles Babbage is generally considered_______ the first computer.
A.to invent B.inventing
C.to have invented D.having invented
分析：C。is considered to(=is thought to...)被认为……，句中的consider不作“考虑”讲，所以排除B，D两选项。Invent的动作发生在过去，即is considered之前，所以应用完成时。
题3（NMET 2000）
It was an exciting moment for these tooball fans this year,______for the first time in years their team won the world cup.
A.that B.while C.which D.when
分析：D。分析该题句子结构可以看到前后句意完整，而后句意为“数年里是今年头次赢得世界杯”。this year在后句中作状语，所有应选择表时间的关系副词when。
题4（上海 2000）
Our English teacher______our buying a good English-Chinese dictionary.
A.asked B.ordered C.suggested D.required
分析：C。ask,order,require后面接不定式，suggest后面接动名词。
题5 Readers can_______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A.get over B.get in C.get along D.get through
分析：C。get over difficulty 克服困难；get in(= arrive)进入、到达；get along(=make progress)进展、进行；get through完成、通过。从题意及这四个动词短语的意义可知，正确答案为C。
题6 Most of the artists_______to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited B.to invite
C.being invited D.had been invited
分析：A。句子的谓语部分为“were from South Africa”；invite作后置定语，修饰the artists,且表被动。因invite为终止性动作动词，故应选择A。
题7 (NMET 2002)
It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A.it what to do with B.what to do it with
C.what to do with it D.to do what with it
分析：C。该题考查“疑问句+不定式”短语用法，动词短语do with,多与what连用构成特殊疑问，What do you do with it?其中it作介词with的宾语，do也是一个及物动词，它的宾语就是疑问词what引导的从句。在本题是what to do with it 作knows的宾语。
题8 （NMET ）
-Alice ,why didn’t you come yesterday?
-I_______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A.had B.would C.was going to D.did
分析：C。从四个选项看，A项不符合语法逻辑。D项不符合逻辑。B项后加have,表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，则是对的。
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
A edge,effort,face,figure,mark,prefer
B advise,agree,develop,knock,research
2.短语
A at breakfast,date from,in danger,make a good effort
B be busy with,give a talk,go against,now and then,point out ,turn over,year after year
3.句型结构
1.I’d like(sb.)to(do sth.).
2.Can’t we do sth.?
3.How/what about^?
4.表示“在……方面花费（时间/金钱）”的句型：Sb:spends some time or money on sth.(in doing sth.)
5.it的句型是：It is/was + adj./n.+(for sb.)to do sth.
二、考点精析与拓展
I.单词和词组
1.The White family are on holiday.
family/team/government/class/school/union等是由若干人组成的集体名词。当被看作是一个非人称单位，一个整体时，用作单数；当我们把这个集合体看作一些人时，用作复数。
①The family is very large.这个家庭很大（人很多）。
Hearing the news,the whole family were very sad.听到这个消息，全家人都很伤心。
②Their class has only 30 students.他们班只有30名学生。
Their class are all from the south.他们全班都是南方人。
2.at breakfast在吃早饭；用早餐。
at意为“在”，用于某些名词前表示状态、情况等。
①He is still at work.他还在工作。
②She was at supper when I called on her yesterday.昨天我去看她时，她正在吃晚饭。
3.flood(1)n.洪水；水灾。
The heavy rain caused floods in the south in the summer of .夏天大雨在南方引起了洪涝灾害。
(2)vt.vi淹没；（使）泛滥。
The village was flooed after the heavy rain.大雨过后那个村子被淹没了。
4.rise by 63 metres升高了63米。
by用来表示增、减的程度、尺寸、数量等。
①The number of machines they made this year has increased by 10 percent.今年他们制造的机器数量增长了10%。
②They have topped their planting plan by 3500 mu.他们超额3500亩完成了种植计划。
5.date from…date back to 可追溯到……；是……时代开始有的。
①My interest in stamp collecting dates from my childhood.从小我就对集邮感兴趣。
②That kind of dress dates from the 9th century.那种服装从19世纪就开始有了。
③The school dates back to 1949.这个学校的历史可追溯到1949年。
6.in danger处在危险之中。与out of danger（脱险）相对。
①The patient is in danger (of death).这病人处于（生命）危险中。
②The wounded soldier is out of danger now.伤员现在脱离危险了。
注意：dangerous 是形容词，意为“（对其他人或物）是危险的、有危害的”。
Smoking is dangerous. People who smoke a lot are in danger (of suffering from lung cancer).吸烟是有危害的。常吸烟的人有（患肺癌的）危险。
7.mark(1)n.记号；标记。
Put a mark where you have a question.有问题的地方做个记号。
(2)vt.做记号、标记于……。
①When you are reading,mark each new word with a red line.读书的时候，用红线标一下生词。
②He gave my father a paper,which was marked with my father’s name.他给父亲一张试卷，上面标着我父亲的名字。
8.face vt .面对；朝着；正视。
①He lives in a room whose window faces the south.他住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。
②You should face the difficulties bravely.你应该勇敢地面对/正视困难。
9.be busy with…忙于……。
①Bob has been busy with his preparation for the exam recently.鲍勃最近一直忙于准备考试。
②I am busy with my homework.我忙着做作业。
be busy 后面也常接doing sth,意为“忙着干某事”。
①Bob has been busy preparing for the exam recently.
②I’m busy doing my homework.
10.learn from…向……学习；学习……。
①Comrade Mao Zedong called on us to learn from comrade Li Feng.毛泽东同志号召我们向雷锋同志学习。
②He is a model worker whom we should all learn from.他是个模范工人，我们都应该向他学习。
11.knock…out of…从……中敲、打出……。
①The sudden blow knocked two teeth out of his mouth.这突然的一击打掉了他两颗牙。
②The diamond was knocked out of the ring when I dropped it.我把戒指掉了下去，镶着的钻石也碰了下来。
由knock所构成的短语还有：knock at 敲……/knock down 撞倒；击倒/knock against 撞击/knock into 撞倒……身上/knock over推翻。
12.point out 指出。
①The teacher examined my homework and pointed out a few mistakes.老师检查了我的作业并指出了几个错误。
②He pointed out that that“that”that I used was in the wrong place.他指出我用的那个that位置不对。
13.turn over翻转。
①Why didn’t you turn over the record?你怎么不把磁带翻过来？
②Turn the cake over,or it will be burnt.把蛋糕翻过来，要不然就烤糊了。
动词turn用法小结：
(1)vi.转动；转身；拐弯。
①The wheel turned slowly.车轮转动得很慢。
②turn right at the first crossing,and you’ll see the post office.在第一个十字路口向右拐，你就看到邮局了。
③They turned and ran away.他们转身就跑掉了。
(2)vt.转动；翻动。
e.g.①He turned his car to the left.他把汽车向左开去。
②The boy likes to turn pages and look at the pictures.这孩子喜欢翻书看图画。
(3)link-v.变得。
①Winter is coming. The weather turns cold gradually.冬天来了，天气渐渐变冷了。
②He turned pale when he heard the news.听到这个消息，他脸都变白了。
(4)构成短语：
①turn on/off开/关（电器、煤气等）。
②turn(…)into…把（……）变成、译成……。
③turn up/down开大/关小；调高/调低（音量、煤气等）。
④turn out 关掉；熄灭；证明。
⑤turn to翻到，转向。
14.go against 反对；违背；不利于。
①These actions went against the will of people.这些行动违背了人们的意思。
②The game is going against them.比赛渐渐地对他们不利。
go bad 变坏
go hungry挨饿
go through进过，穿过，做完
go up上涨，上升
与go搭配 go ahead开始（做某事），开始（讲话），进行，进度，用吧
短语 go by 时间过去，经过某地
go off 走开，消失，水电等断掉
go out 出去（灯火）熄灭
go over复习
Point out 指出
Point at 指着
Point to 指向
15. point …at…把……指向
make a point证明论点正确
to the point正中要害，恰到好处
如：①It’s rude to point your fingers at people.
②Please point out the mistakes in my composition.
③As he left,the hour hand of the clock pointed to twelve.
④Your answer is short and to the point.
year after year年复一年地，一年又一年地，强调每年重复
16. year by year一年一年地，逐年，强调逐年变化
如：①Year after year,I have had a birthday card from Tom.
②My daughter grows taller year by year.
agree to do 同意做某事
to同意做某事
agree on商定，达成共识
17. with sb.(one’s views)/ what I said just now.
agree that clause
agreement 同意，协约
18.keep使保持、保留某种状态；保持，保留；
keep the homeland in the mind胸怀祖国
keep a/the secret保守秘密
keep seeds 保存种子
keep cows and sheep饲养牛羊
keep a diary记日记
19.其他：
①be on holiday在度假。
②on the edge of…在……的边上。
③burn sb./sth.烧伤；晒坏。
④all through a year.终年；整年。
⑤decide to do sth.决定、下决心做某事。
⑥make a good effort付出很大努力。
⑦get extra pay 得到额外的报酬。
⑧weather report天气预报。
⑨hang up挂起来。
⑩make wine酿酒。
○11now and then不时地。
○12 give a talk作报告。
II.句型
1．feel like想要；愿意。多用于口语，后接名词或动名词形式。
would like想要；愿意。后接名词或不定式形式。
①I feel like/would like a cup of coffee.我想喝杯咖啡。
②Would you like to drink beer with me?Do you feel like drinking beer with me?和我喝点啤酒好吗？
③I feel like going for a walk after supper.I’d like to go for a walk after supper.晚饭后我想去散散步。
2.…each of which was 20 metres high.其中每个高达20米。
“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
①They live in a house,the door of which faces the north.他们住的是一所门朝北的房子。
②China has hundreds of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有上千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。
③There are around 100 teachers in our school,most of whom are women.我们学校大约有100名教师，其中大多数是女教师。
三、经典名题导解
1.Little Jim should love________ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take
C. being taken D. taking
答案：A
精析：should love to 相当于should like to 或should prefer to 在表示“想要时”，其后通常接动词不定式形式，根据句意“小汤姆想要别人带他去影剧院”，此处应用不定式的被动形式，故选A。答案B的语态不对，在should love的后面不跟动词-ing形式，故也不选C、D。
2.-Exceuse me,is this Mr .Brown’s office?
-I’m sorry,but Mr.Brown________works here.He left about three years ago.(90年高考题)
A. not now B. no more
C. not still D. no longer
答案：D
精析：根据题干的提示，Mr.Brown已不在此工作了，应选D，no longer相当于not…any longer,表示“不再”，它可以用在实义动词之前或连系动词、助动词之后，也可以放在句末，例如：He studied hand no longer after the examination.在考试之后，他再也不努力学习了。答案A、C不符合句意，不能选，答案B也表“不再”，相当于“not…any more”,通常用在句末，或者放在名词前作定语，还可单独用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能放在句中，故不能选。
3.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most of_______ hadn’t been cleaned at least a year.(90年高考题)
A.these B．those C．that D．which
答案：D
精析：根据句意可以判断后面的分句是一个非限制性的定语从句，应选D，most of which指“十扇窗户中的大部分”，which指代windows,作介词of的宾语。分句与分句之间，必须有一个并列的连词，而选用these或those不符合这一原则，故不选答案A和B,在介词后面不用引导词that，指人时用whom,指物时用which.
4.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially
_____Father was away in France.(94年高考题)
A．as B．that C．during D．if
答案：A
精析：此句意为“母亲很着急，因小艾丽斯病了，特别是她父亲还在法国的时候”，用as表示“当……的时候”，故选A。答案B不能表时间，答案C中的during是介词，在它后面只接名词，例如：during the class 在上课期间，during the day在白天,故不能选C,答案D表条件,不符合句意,故不选.
5.She thought I was talking about her daughter,_____, in fact,I was talking about my daughter.(95年高考题)
A.whom B.where C.which D.while
答案：D
精析：从关键词“in fact”，我们可以看出，前后两个句子形成一种对比，表示的意思是：她认为我在讲她女儿，而实际上我在讲我女儿。连词while可表对比，故选D。whom,where,which引导定语从句，而实际上后面的句子不是定语从句，故都不能选。
6.He let me repeat his instruction__________sure that I understood what was ________after he went away.
A.to make;to be done B.making;doing
C.to make;to do D.making;to do
答案：A
精析：题目的四个选项有两上是不定式，另两个为现在分词。这里表达的是前面动作的目的而不是伴随情况，因此，很容易就可以排除B、D两项。从后面看，句子的主语是要做的事情，动词不定式应当使用被动形式。动词不定式和分词是英语学习中的重点和难点，在学习时，一定要系统地理解和掌握它们的用法。
7.I was disappointed with the play. I had expected________to be much more interesting.
A.that B.this C.one D.it
答案：D
精析：此题旨在考查学生是否掌握代词one、it和that的用法。横线上需用一个代词指代the play,是确切指代，所以选D项。
8.Fewer people are coming to his café________,though he has wished for more money_________.
A.day after day;day after day B.day by day;day by day
C.day after day;day by day D.day by day ;day after day
答案：D
精析：此题旨在考查学生是否掌握了名词叠用作状语的用法。n. + by + n.表变化;n. + after + n.表重复。这句话意思是：“虽然他一天天地希望多赚钱，可客人一天比一天少。”所以选D项。
一、单元考点提示
1.重点单词
fair army
careless refuse
support officer
remove cross
pretend engineer
designer design
metal ink
pot form
unknown print
steam press
method sheet
development net
lightly printing
everyday discribe
2.重点短语
to one’s surprise 使……吃惊的是
call at 拜访（某地）
look down upon 蔑视
come out 出版；（花朵）开放
throw away 扔掉
at the same time 同时
fishing net 鱼网
3.重点句型
It seems that…
It’s adj. For/of sb.to do sth.
Unless you tell me , I …
I’m sure(that) …
The problem as that by the first century…
The making of paper had been developen.
That dosen’t sound like…
It’s believed that…
4.交际用语
学习如何对某事表示肯定、否定或持怀疑态度的常用语：
I’m（not）sure…/I believe…
I guess…/I (don’t)think…
In can believe that…/ That’s not fair.
I(don’t)think so.
5.语法
掌握whose引导的定语从句的用法。
二、考点精析与拓展
1.seen u.似乎
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
by sea relate to share(v.) mark with long before turn to apart from tour (be)busy with ( be)determined to do sth. disobey key figure in peace oppose think up take up arms work on keep one’s promise with the purpose of
2.句型
You’d better(not)… Let’s …
You need to… What/How about…？
（I think）you should/ought to…
Shall we…？
I suggest（that）you…
Why not…？ Why don’t you…？
I will…
I have decided to /that…
I have (not)decided wh-clause / wh-word to…
I insist on /that…
3.语法
复习句子成分--宾语
复习句子成份--宾语补足语
二、考点精析与拓展
1.settle vt.定居，解决（事端，矛盾等）安排，决定
We have settled a party on Wednesday evening.
星期三晚上我们安排了一次聚会。
This medicine should settle your nerves.
这种药会使你镇静下来。
They settled their quarrel in a friendly way.
他们用一种友好的方法解决了争端。
2.make up 创造，编造，弥补，化妆，构成，占有
John made up that joke about the talking dog.
约翰编了一个会讲话的狗的笑话。
The number of the college students in the country makes up only 1%of the population.
这个国家的大学生的数量仅占人口的百分之一。
I have to make up the test I missed last week.
我上周没考试，我必须补考。
John and Tom quarreled, but make up after a while.
约翰和汤姆吵架了，但一会儿就和好了。
由make构成的其他短语：
make sense有意义 make faces/a face做鬼脸
be made of /from由……制成 be made into把……制成……
make it成功，达到目的 make out理解；勉强分辨出
make up one’s mind下定决心
3.keep…alive使……继续有效存在/进行
We must keep the good revolutionary traditions alive.
我们必须把好的革命传统流传下去。
How can we keep the fish alive?我们如何使鱼活首？
拓展：keep+宾语+宾补(v.-ing/v. –ed/adj. / adv. / prep. phr)
I’m sorry for keeping you waiting all the afternoon.
很抱歉让你等了一下午。
Keeping the door and windows closed all the time is not good for your health.
总是关着门窗对健康不利。
用keep构成的常用短语：
keep an eye on 留神照看 keep body and soul together勉强生活
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep time/regular hours守时（有规律）
4.be of +adj. +抽象名词表性质、特征，其作用相当于be + adj.
常用抽象名词：use, value, interest, importance, education, quality等
This book is of no use( / useless).
这本书没多大用处。
The young man is of good education( / well educated).
这位青年人受过良好的教育。
Customers don’t show any interest in goods that are of poor quality.
这位顾客对劣质的商品不感兴趣。
对比：be + of +具体名词 表类属，常用名词：size, colour, age, shape等。
The two children are of an age / the same age.(= This child is as old as that one.)
这两个孩子同岁。
All of these rooms are of a size.
所有的这些房子一样大。
5.be related(to)和……有联系，和……有关
The Dutch language is closely related to German.
荷兰语和德语密切相关。
They are related to me by marriage.
靠婚姻关系他们和我有了联系。
拓展：n. relation
(1)[u]关系，联系（有时可加不定冠词）
Doctors think there is a relation between smoking and lung cancer.
医生们认为肺癌与吸烟有关。
(2)（复数）（人与人或国家与国家之间的相互）关系
I have had business relations with h im. 我和他已有业务联系。
(3)[c]亲戚，表示特别亲密的、友好的关系（relative亲戚，单纯的亲戚关系；在法律上通用。在一般情况下多用relative）
My immediate relations are my parents.我的直系亲属是父母。
6.out of work失业
He was been out of work for over three months.
他已失业三个月了。
In recent years there has been an increase in the number of people out of work in that country.
近几年那个国家的失业人数在增长。
拓展：be out of work = lose one’s work失业be in work在业，有工作
7.apart from(= besides/in addition to)除……之外（表示加上，否定句中与except通用）
The children hardly see anyone apart from their parents.
除父母外，孩子们几乎看不到其他任何人。
Apart from them, I had no one to talk to.
除了他们，没有人和我谈话。
Apart from the price, the hat doesn’t suit me.
除了价格，这项帽子也不适合我戴。
对比：
except：将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外（表示减法），其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）或wh-从句。
except for：说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正，其后一般接名词。
except that：用来表示理由后细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后须接从句，可以与except for互换。
except when：除了……的时候
Everybody except John was able to answer it.
除约翰外每个人都能回答。
Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
( = Your composition is very good except that there are a few spelling mistakes.)
你的作文很好，只是有几处拼写错误。
I know nothing about him except that he comes from Africa.
除了他来自非洲之外我对他一无所知。
He goes to work every day except when he is ill.
除了生命以外他每天都去上班。
8.由way构成的短语
way of life生活方式 all the way一路上，自始至终
any way无论如何
by the way 顺便说 bay way of 通过……经由
ways and means办法
get in one’s way 妨碍 in a (one)way在某种程度上
in no way决不
lose one’s way迷路 way through 克服困难的途径
under way在进行中
way out出路 ways out of （摆脱困境等）的方法
on one’s way to在去……的途中
feel one’s way摸黑走，谨慎行事 make one’s own way取得成功，发迹
e.g. Tom will get used to the way of life in the U.S.A. soon.
汤姆很快就会习惯美国的生活方式的。
9.key figure关键人物
figure 指有影响力的人物。key原意为钥匙，在此词组中作定语，可译作“关键的”。
figure 的复数形式是figures.
Public figures there welcomed the statement.
那里的公众人物们都欢迎这个声明。
He became one of the leading figures in the country.
他成为这个国家的领导人之一。
10.govern统治、管理，控制，左右，影响
He was unable to govern his temper.
他控制不住自己的脾气。
Don’t be governed by what other people say.
不要被别人的话所左右。
The rise and fall of the sea is governed by the movements of the moon.
海水的潮起潮落是受月球运动的影响。
11.on / upon(one’s )n./v.-ing一……就……
On his return to the lab, he set to work.
他一回到实验室，就开始工作。
On arriving in Paris, he was put into prison.
他一到巴黎就被捕入狱。
The students stood up on the entrance of the headmaster.
校长进来时，学生们都起立。
12.play an important role in 在……方面起重要作用
Such strikes have played an important role in the development of the trade union movement.
此类罢工事件在工会运动的发展中起了重要的作用。
For twenty years, Gandhi played an important role in working for equal right for Indians.
二十年里，甘地在为印度人争取平等的权利的工作中起重要的作用。
同义词组：play a part in…/play an important part in…
13.design
（1）v.目的是，打算给……用
The laws were designed to make life difficult for non-whites.
制定这些法律的目的在于使非白人的生活变得困难。
The room was designed for children.
这个房间打算给孩子们用。
The road was not designed for heavy trucks.
这条马路不是为重型卡车设计的。
(2) n.图案设计
The building is poor in design.这幢楼设计很差。
14.in prison([u])监禁之中，prison 前不加冠词，表示被监禁的状态
He has been in prison for three years.
他已坐牢三年了。
Law-breakers are put in prison.
犯法者被关进监狱。
对比：go to prison坐牢 break(out of )prison越狱
cast…into prison(put…in/into prison)把……关进牢里（表动作）
类似短语：in school/go to school 求学 in hospital/go to hospital住院/去看病
15.march v./n. 游行示威，行进，行军
She was very angry and marched out. 她很生气，大步从屋里走了出去。
The soldiers marched on after a short rest.
短暂的休息之后，战士们继续前进。
短语：a hunger march反饥饿游行 a forced march强行军
on the march在行进中 a long and difficult march一次长距离的艰难行军
steal a march on/ upon(口语)偷袭（尤指以不正当手段）
e.g. The two firms are trying hard to steal a march on the other.
这两家公司正努力试图比对方抢先一着。
16.be honoured as… 作为……而受到尊敬
He was honoured as a teacher.
他作为老师而受到人们的尊敬。
Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and was honoured as a hero.
19甘地回到印度，并且被尊为英雄。
拓展：v./ n honour-dishonour adj. Honourable-dishonourable（反义词）
常用短语：show honour to 向某人表示敬意
a sense of honour廉耻心
an honoured guest贵宾
do honour to向……表示敬意，带来荣誉
on/upon one’s honour以名誉担保
pay/give honour to向……致敬
honour system无监视的考试制度
in honour of…纪念……
with honour光荣地
for the honour of 为顾全……的荣誉
17.oppose v.（反义词：support）反对，反抗
People there opposed their government.
那里的人们反对政府。
I oppose this plan because I think it is impractical.
我反对这项计划，因为我认为它不切实际。
同义词组：be opposed to / object to /be against
His father is very much opposed to her going abroad.他父亲强烈反对她出国。
He objected to working on Sundays.
他反对星期日工作。
We are for peace and against war.
我们赞成和平，反对战争。
另：opposition n.（位置）面对，反对
the house in opposition to each other面对面的房子
find oneself in opposition to sb. on a question
发现自己在某问题上与某人意见相反。
18.possess v.拥有（东西，特性）
They asked him whether it is true that he had possessed two cars.
他们问他是否真的拥有两辆小汽车。
He never possessed much money, but he is possessed of good health.
他从没有过很多钱，但他总是很健康。
同义词（组）：own/belong to/have/be possessed of
e.g. He owns a very good dictionary. = A very good dictionary belongs to him.
19.as follows 如下
He received a letter which read as follows.
他收到一封信，信文如下。
The game rules are as follows.
比赛的规划如下所述。
His arguments are as follows.他的论点如下。
20.value vt.珍视，重视
I value his advice on how to study English well.
我很珍视他的关于如何学好英语的建议。
The may or valued public opinions.
市长很重视公众的意见。
Gandhi valued ordinary people.
甘地很重视普通人。
三、精典名题导解
题1 （上海春招）
Mr . Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
分析：B。此题考的是短语搭配：devote…to(doing)sth.
题2 （NMET 北京）
Tow middle-aged passengers fell into dead sda. , neither of them could swim.
A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
分析：C。从所给情景可以判断，她们都不会游泳，要填unfortunately.
题3 （NMET 2001）
It is generally believed that teaching is it is a science.
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
分析：D。在as(so)…as…中，第一个as是adv.，后接adj，第二个as后接句子。句意为“人们普遍相信，教学是一门科学，同样是一门艺术”。
题4 （NMET 春招）
-It’s good idea. But who’s going to the plan?
-I think Tom and Grey will.
A. set aside B. carry out C. take in D. get through
分析：B。此题考查的是短语动词的含义。A的意思是“搁置”；B的意思是“实施、实现或执行”；C的意思是“吸收”；D的意思是“通过或完成”。
题5 The mother didn’t know was to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A. who B. when C. how D. what
分析：A。根据句意，空白处应填指人的who, who与to blame构成逻辑上的“动宾”关系。全句意为：由于打破玻璃（杯）的事是母亲不在家时发生的，所以她（母亲）不知道该责备谁打破了破璃（杯）。
题6 （NMET 北京）
The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to .
A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it over
分析：A。make it out发现真相，因为受到迷惑，所以试图发现真相。
题7 （NMET 2002）
The taxi driver often reminds passengers to their belongings when they leave the car.
A. keep B. catch C. hold D. take
分析：D。take拿走，句意为：乘客下车时要把东西带走。
题8 （NMET 2001 北京）
-Why haven’t you bought any butter?
-I to but I forgot about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected
分析：C。从提供的情景分析，是打算买而没买，应用meant。
题9 （NMET 2001 北京）
Have a good rest. You need to your energy for the tennis match this afternoon.
A. leave B. save C. hold D. get
分析：B。save此为“储存，积攒”之意。
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
lose the path for ever get away wherever succeed in had best(do) set…on fire blow out as long as clear up at one’s own expense on(the)one hand…on the other(hand) end up(in) (be)suited to/for (be)worth doing open up personally be used to(doing) rely on further prevent from remind although
however
2.句型
I guess/believe… It seems(that)…
It looks as if… It certainly is.
She/He/They must have done…
Will you be free All right. See you then.
On Monday/tomorrow? Yes, I’ll be free then.
How about tomorrow morning/afternoon?
Yes, that’s all right. No, I won’t be free
Shall we meet at 4:30…at? Then, but I’ll be free at…
3.语法
复习句子的成分--状语
复习状语从句
二、考点精析与拓展
1.fine adj./adv./n./v.
(1)adj.美好的，天气晴朗的，（身体）好的，细的
It’s fine today.今天天气很晴朗。
What a fine view it is!多么美丽的风景！
-How are you？
-你好吗？
-Fine, thank you.
-很好，谢谢！（不可用于否定句及疑问句）
First there was a fine rain but then it rained heavily.
开始是毛毛细雨，接着就下大了
(2)adv.很好
Everything went fine.一切顺利
(3)[c]罚金a traffic violation fine违反交通规则罚款
(4)v.处罚金
If you make such a mistake again, you’ll get fined.
如果你再犯这样的错误，你就会挨罚。
短语：fine and 非常，极（强调后面所接的形容词）
one fine day/morning有朝一日
2.find
(1)vt.发现，发觉
She found a wallet lying on the ground.
她发现地上有个钱包。
We found her still asleep.
我们发现她还在睡觉。
He found her left behind.
他发现她被落在后面。
(2)n.发现，发现物（尤指贵重或悦人的）
I made a great find in a second-hand bookshop yesterday.
昨天在旧书店里我有重大发现。
对比：find多指偶然发现，碰见；后可接名词、复合结构或从句。find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相、真情，通过调查找出原因，或发现秘密、错误等；一般接名词、代词或从句。discover指发现客观事物的存在，发现已存在而不为人知的事情；多用于好的事物。
Have you found the book you have been looking for?
你一直找的书找到了吗？
Have you found out why he was late?
你弄清他为什么迟到吗？
Columbus discovered America.
哥伦布发现了美洲。
3.age
(1)n.年龄，时代，时期
The old man died at the age of 80/when he was 80 years of age/when he was 80 years old.
那位老人80岁时去世了。
He is young for his age.
就他的年龄而论，他是年轻的。
What is the age of the church?
这座教堂多少年了？
He was the greatest poet of the age.
他是那个时代最伟大的诗人。
(2)vi./vt. 变老
He is aging fast. Worry ages a man.
他老得很快。忧虑令人老！
I found him greatly aged.
我发现他老多了。
拓展：（1）adj. aged……岁的，年老的
a boy aged ten 一个10岁的男孩
an aged man老人
(2)人生的七期
baby→infant→child→youth→manhood→middle age→old age
婴儿/0→幼儿7→儿童12→青年28→壮年40→中年65→老年
4.come down下来，流传下来，倒塌，没落，病倒，减价
The song comes down to us from the 10th century.（流传下来）
这首歌是从10世纪流传到我们这一代的。
The roof of the house came down during the night.
我听说计算机要降价。
5.clear up（天气）放晴，使明了，收拾整理，解决，了结
The sky cleared up just after the rain.
雨过天晴。
Don’t expect me to clear up after you.
别期望我在你后面收拾东西。（收拾不要的东西）
The police haven’t cleared up the murder case.
警察还没查清那件谋杀案。
His face cleared up as she heard the news.(引申义)
听到这个消息她脸上露出喜悦之情。
对比：clean up打扫干净，整理，获利，赚钱
The students cleaned up the classroom after class.（打扫干净）
下课后学生们打扫教室。
6.as long as/so long as只要
(1)引导条件状语从句
You may borrow the book as / so long as you keep it clean.
只要你不把书弄脏，你就可以借。
As long as you study hard, you’ll make great progress.
只要你努力学习，你就会取得很大进步。
(2)和……一样长
This rope is as long as that one.这条绳子和那条一样长。
This bridge isn’t so/as long as that one.这座桥和那座不一样长。
(3)长达……（表时间）
The old couple have been living in the small town as long as 50 years.
这对老夫妇已在这个小城镇里住了长达50年。
7.tear out撕下，撕掉
He tore some of the papers out of the book.他从书中撕下了几页。
对比：tear up撕碎，撕毁，连根拔起
She tore up the letter.
她把信撕碎了。
The trees were torn up by the hurricane.
树木被飓风连根拔起。
另：tear down拆除（建筑物等） tear sth. in two/half 把……撕成两半
8. get sb. / sth. doing使某人/某物开始活跃或使某物开始工作
Let me try now, I will get the car going
现在让我试试，我会把汽车发动起来。
拓展：get sb. to do sth. = have sb. do sth.让/使某人做某事
get sth. done = have sth. done请人做某事
I’ll get him to do the job.我会让他做这项工作。
When did you get your hair cut?
你什么时候理的发？
9.date back to / date from
追溯到（某个时期），起始于（某个时期），从……时候就存在
The tower dates back to 1173.
这座塔起始于1173年。
The old church dates from the first century A.d.
这座古老的教堂起始于公元1世纪。
My interest in stamp collecting dates from my schooldays.
从学生时代起，我对集邮就开始感兴趣。
10.find one’s way（to sp.）找到；设法找到去……的路
Can you find your way to the post office?
你能找到去邮局的路吗？
Rivers find their way to the sea.
条条江河通大海。
拓展：make one’s way非常困难地前进
feel one’s way 摸索着前进
force / fight one’s way突破……而前进
push one’s way排开……而前进
11.congratulate v.
祝贺，庆贺
常用短语：congratulate sb. on / upon sth. / doing sth.为某事向某人祝贺
congratulate oneself that…因……而自己庆幸
congratulations常用于祝贺语，后可接on，也可单独用。
I’d like to congratulate you on your success.
对你的成功我表示祝贺。
I’d like to offer my congratulations on your success.
对你的成功我表示祝贺。
You really should congratulate yourself on your appearance.
(= You really should congratulate that you are so handsome.)
你真该为自己的外表而庆幸。
对比：celebrate sth.庆贺某事
We’ll celebrate the New Year with a dance party.
我们将举行跳舞晚会以庆贺新年。
拓展：in celebration of… 庆祝……
hold a celebration举行庆祝（会）
12.admire（= respect / praise）vt.羡慕，钦佩，夸奖
admire sb.（for sth.）佩服某人某事
Visitors to Beijing greatly admire our Palace Museum.
去北京的游人极其羡慕我们的故宫。
I admire him for his wisdom.我佩服他的智慧。
别忘了夸奖孩子。
对比：envy（= jealous）vt.嫉妨，羡慕
envy sb.（sth.）嫉妒/羡慕某人某事
We all envy you your good future.
我们都很羡慕你的好运。
13.personally
(1)就我个人来说(= in my personal opinion)，用于表示个人的意见，通常于句首。
Personally, I don’t see much difference between the two.
就我个人来讲，这两者没多大差别。
(2)亲自
The manager went personally to the hospital to see the worker who was seriously ill.
经理亲自去医院看望患重病的工人。
拓展：person/ c. /人personal adj.个人的
personality / c. u. / 个性，品格；人物
14.end up 结果，结束
He started as an employee and ended up as head of the firm.
他以职员开始而最后成为公司的主管。
The party ended up with a song.
晚会以一首歌曲结束。
If you continue to drive so carelessly, you’ll end up in hospital.
如果你继续这样不小心开车，你会进医院的。
对比：end指完结或终止，为意义最单纯的用语；
close指把已开始的事物像关闭似的加以结束；
finish尤指最后的修饰工作，或把已经做的加以完成；
complete指把不完美的各点或有缺陷的部分加以补充完成。
Let’s end the discussion.
The meeting was closed by the chairman’s speech.
Try to finish your homework before 9 o’clock.
Have you completed your new programme?
15.open up
(1)开门，展开，打开
open up = open the door开门
open up the parcel打开包裹
(2)（景色等的）展现
A beautiful view opened up before us.
一幅美景展现在我们面前。
(3)开发，开辟，创建
open up a new situation / a bright future / more waste land
开创一个新局面/美好的前程/开辟更多荒地
(4)吐露真情
She never opened up to me on the subject.
关于那个问题，她从未对我开诚布公。
16.rely on / upon相信，信赖
He relied on his parents’ advice.
他相信父母的劝告。
I rely on you to tell me all about it.
我要靠你把这件事的来龙去脉告诉我。
Such people are not to be relied on.
这样的人是靠不住的。
对比：rely on / upon指由过去的经验，使人相信对方必定能完成所交代的事情；depend on指依赖别人的支持或援助；trust(in)指深信绝对不会发生被出卖或令人失望的事情。
I rely on his ability.我相信她的能力。
She depends on her friends to make a decision.
她依靠朋友帮她做决定。
He is a man to be trusted.
他是一个可以信赖的人。
It depends on whether you want to do it or not.这得看你是否想做。
17.be worth doing = be(well)worthy of being done / to be done(很)值得做
The city is worth visiting.这个城市值得参观。
(= The city is worthy of being visited. = The city is worthy to be visited.)
18.as we say正如我们所说
关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，代埒后面整个句子。
而which引导的非限制性定语从句，没有“正如”的含义，也不能置于主句前面。
As we know, the earth is round.
我们知道，地球是圆的。
Leaves are turning yellow, which means autumn is coming.
树叶正在变黄，这意味着秋天就要来了。
19.as is the case with = as with ……就和……的情况一样
As is the case with his mother, he is fond of music.
跟母亲一样，他喜欢音乐。
As with human, animals also love their babies.
同人一样，动物也爱它们的幼仔。
三、精典名题导解
题1 （2003 上海春）
Unless to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
分析：A。此句考查非谓语动词在省略句中的用法，完整的表达方式为unless you are invited,…
题2 （NMET 2002上海）
Though money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
分析：C。本题同样考查非谓语动词在省略句中的作用，但此题主语与非谓语动词是一种主动关系，故先排除A、D；lack为及物动词，不需用of。
题3 （NMET 2003 北京，31）
I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While
分析：C。as long as 表示“只要”。句意为：只要我知道钱是安全的，我就不会担心。even though即使;unless如果不；while当……的时候。
题4 （NMET 2003 上海，33）
-How far apart do they live?
- I know, they live in the same neighborhood.
A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as
分析：B。as far as 表示程度，范围，意思是“就……，尽……，至于……”，as far as I know 就我所知；as long as 表示时间长度或表示“只要”；as well as 和……一样好；as often as和……一样经常。
题5 （2002上海春）
The famous scientist grew up he was born and in 1980 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
分析：C。 where引导的是地点状语从句。
题6 （NMET 2003 北京 30）
He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation it got worse.
A. until B. when C. before D. as
分析：C。before在……这前，句意为：在形式变得糟糕之前纠正了错误。
题7 （NMET 2003 上海，35）
A good storyteller must be able to hold his listener’s curiosity he reaches the end of the story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
分析：D。until用于肯定句时，表示“直到……为止”。全句意为：一个好的讲故事的人只能够使听众的好奇心保持到故事的结尾，才能使他们对故事感兴趣。
题8 （2001 上海，37）
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation（境遇） he is likely to lose control over the plan.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
分析：A。首先理解句意“他使自己陷入一种危险的境地之中，他很可能对飞机失去控制”。在此where引导状语从句。
题9 John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes .
A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening
分析：A。该题考查考生对形容词作宾语补足语的掌握情况。当open作宾补时，一般用它的形容词，不用它的现在分词。如：with the windows open/closed
题10 You will succeed in the end you give up halfway.
A. even if B. even though C. as long as D. unless
分析：D。这是一个条件状语从句，unless意为“如果不”，全句意思是“如果你不中途放弃，你最终会成功”。
（SB3-units21-22）
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
step into take one’s place pick out build up divide up wealthy go through look into turn up check out to the point care for surround to one’s astonishment exact recover one after another tell apart set up come to light
2.句型
I / He /She /can /may… It is possible that…
I/ He /She may not… He/ She is not likely to…
It is likely that… I am not likely to…
You can’t / musn’t… Don’t smoke. Look out!
If you…, you’ll… Don’t be late Take care!
You’d better(not)do it. Be careful. No noise, please!
3.语法
复习和归纳句子成分--定语
复习定语从句和同位语从句的用法
二、考点精析与拓展
1.leave sth. to sb.（在死后）将……留给某人；请某人负责某事
His aunt left all her property to him after her death.
他姑姑死后将所有财产都留给他了。
I’ll leave it to you to buy the tickets.我委托你负责买票。
2.in one’s will在某人的遗嘱中
will作为名词使用时意为“遗嘱”“意志力”或“强烈的愿望”。
Her death is god’s will, I suppose.
她的逝世是上帝的旨意，我估计。
His strong will enables him to refuse all the worldly pleaseres.
他的强烈愿望使他可以拒绝世间所有的乐趣。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
3.by one’s first marriage 通过或由于某人的第一次婚姻
介词by有许多含义，在此处意为“通过”，相当于through。
He left by the first train.
他乘第一次列车离开了。
The electricity supply is operated by a switch.供电由一个开关控制。
4.check out清点；结账；核实；检查；开票提款
Ask him to check the information out for us.请他为我们核实一下信息。
We’d better check the whole room out in case it has been bugged .
我们最好检查一下整个房间以免有蛀虫。
The trainees checked out all right.
这些培训学员完全合格。
She checked out 6000 dollars.她提款6000美元。
5.for a start/to start with首先，第一点
You have no right to be here, to start with.
首先，你无权在此。
It won’t work：for a start, we don’t have so much money and secondly we cannot get the permission.
那不行，首先我们没那么多钱，其次我们不能被批准。
6.go through 浏览；经历；历经
He went through several houses, but haven’t bought one yet.
他看了好几套房子，但一套还没买。
The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家已经历了太多的战争。
The plan must go through several stages.
这个计划必须经历几个过程。
拓展：go through with完成
He hasn’t gone through with his composition yet.
他还没写完作文。
7.be present at 出席
How many people were present at the meeting?多少人出席了会议？
拓展：present(1)n.礼物
What present do you want for Christmas this year?
今年圣诞节你想要什么礼物？
(2)v.赠予
Now that the sports meet is over, our principal will present the prize.
既然运动会已结束，我们校长将颁奖。
(3)adj.现在的，目前的
I’m not going to buy a car at the present high prices.
以目前的高价，我不打算买小汽车了。
(4)presently(adv.) = soon
She will be here presently.
她不久就会来。
(5)常用短语：
at the present time = at present目前，现在
for the present暂时
8.pass…(to…)将……递给，传达
Please pass me the bread and butter.
请递给我面包奶油。
Pass the word to him that Napolean will come himself.
把拿破仑要亲自来的消息告诉他。
拓展：（1）vi.走过，通过
Because of the large crowd in the street the truck was unable to pass.
因为大街上人很多，卡车无法通过。
(2)n.通行证
Nobody can go into the hall without a pass.
没有通行证，任何人不准进入大厅。
9.pick out认出；显眼；挑选
Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?
你能在人群中认出你弟弟吗?
The houses in the painting picked out in white.
画上的房子以白色而显得醒目。
It’s so beautiful！How did you pick it out?
这么漂亮！你是怎么挑出来的？
10.troop n./v.
（1）n. 一群，大量，许我troops军队，部队
A troop of school children went into the museum.
一大群学生走进了博物馆。
The local people demand the withdrawal（撤退）of foreign troops.
当地的人们要求撤退外国军队。
(2)vi.集合，群集；成群涌向，结队而行
The students trooped up on the sports ground.
学生们在操场上集合。
We all trooped into/out of the hall.
我们成群地进入/走出礼堂。
11.fly
(1)vt.飞跃 +地点或距离作宾语：驾驶（飞机）；（用飞机）运送；放（风筝）
fly the Atlantic / the English Channe/ a distance of km
飞跃大西洋/英吉利海峡/2000公里的距离
Supplies of food have been flown to the refugees.
补给的粮食空运给那些难民。
The children are flying their kites.
孩子们在放风筝。
(2)vi.飞，飞行，飞跑
Time flies like an arrow. 光阴似箭。
The little girl flew to her grandmother.
这女孩向她奶奶飞跑过去。
(3)n.苍蝇
butter（奶油）+fly（苍蝇）=butterfly（蝴蝶）
dragon（龙）+fly（苍蝇）=dragonfly（蜻蜓）
fire（火）+fly（苍蝇）= firefly（萤火虫）（=lighting-bug,美语）
12.communicate v.
（1）vt.传达，传送，传染
communicate information/feelings/news…to sb.把信息、感情、消息……传递/传达给某人
I’ll communicate the news to you directly.
我会直接把消息传达给你。
(2)vi.通讯，通话
communicate with sb.(by)用……与某人联络/沟通
We communicate with each other by telephone/letter.
我们用电话/信件彼此沟通。
拓展：communication n.[u]通讯[c]消息pl.通讯系统
Radio and television are important means of communication.
收音机和电视机是信息交流的重要工具。
Communications satellite helps the human a lot in many ways .
通讯卫星在很多方面对人类有很大的帮助。
13.beeline n.两地之间的直线；捷径（指蜜蜂采蜜后径直飞向蜂房，这条路叫beeline）
（1）make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路；走直路；向……直行
As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub.
会议一结束，他就直接上了酒吧。
If you want to catch up with them, you’d better make a beeline for them.
如果你想赶上他们，你最好抄近路去。
（2）in a beeline 成直线地，笔直地
The pupils went to the museum in a beeline.
孩子们直接走向博物馆。
14.come to light 发现，暴露（= be discovered / exposed /found out / be brought to light）
Much more new evidence has come to light(has been discovered/has been exposed/has been brought to light),so the judges have to sentence the man to death.
新的证据不断被发现，所以法官们不得不判这个人死刑。
When the old woman died, it came to light that she was actually very rich.
老太婆死后，人们才发现她其实很富有。
15.be different from与……不同
Your idea is different from mine.
你的想法和我的不同。
对比：make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于……
Her special accent makes her different from others.
她特殊的口音使她与众不同。
16.one after another一个一个地，表示数量多并连续出现
School was over and students went out of the school gate one after another.
放学了，学生们一个接一个地走出校门。
对比：one by one表示按顺序逐个进行或出现
Don’t hurry! You should enter the office one by one.
不要着急，你们应该一个个地走进办公室。
拓展：by and by一点一点地，逐渐地 little by little一点一点地
step by step 一步一步地，循序渐进地
17.amaze vt.使……惊奇 = astonish, surprise
The news amazed us greatly.这条消息使我们感到很惊奇。
拓展：（1）amazed人对……感到吃惊的；amazing（某物）……信人吃惊的。
They were all amazed at the amazing news.
听到这个令人吃惊的消息他们感到惊讶。
(2)amazement n.
to one’s amazement令人吃惊的是
To my amazement, they have gone to Xishuangbanna.
让我奇怪的是，他们去西双版纳了。
类似短语：to one’s happiness/excitement/sadness/puzzlement
使某人高兴的/兴奋的/伤心的/迷惑的是
18.the more…,the more… 越……就越……
The harder you study, the more progress you’ll make.
越努力学习，你的进步就越大。
对比：more and more… 越来越……
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的校园变得越来越美丽了。
19.again and again = time and time again = over and over = over and over again再三地
The old man thinks of his happy past again and again.
这位老人再三地想起他幸福的过去。
三、精典名题导解
题1 （NMET ）
As we joined the big crowd. I got from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
分析：A。get separated from sb.和某人分开。
题2（NMET 北京）
-How are the team playing?
-They’re playing well, but one of them hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
分析：A。got hurt意为“受伤”。get后接过去分词表示被动，受伤的事发生在过去，要用一般过去时。
题3 （2002 上海春季）
It long before we the result of the experiment.
A. will not be; will know B. will not be; knew
C. will not be; know D. is; know
分析：C。It will not be long是主句，意为不久；在before引导的时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来。
题4 （NMET 2001北京）
at the door before entering, please.
A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock
分析：D。这是一个祈使句，要用动词原形。
题5 （，北京春）
We’re living in an age many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
分析：D。此题考查定语从句要填入的引导词应该在从句中作时间状语，故用when.
题6 （2002 上海，35）
There is a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO-not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
分析：A。根据句意“我有一种感觉--我们永远不会知道UFO是什么，而不是曾经（不知道）。”that引导的同位语从句解释feeling的内容。
题7 （2003 上海）
It is believed that if a book is , it will surely the reader.
A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested
C. interested; interesting D. interesting; interest
分析：D。interesting有趣的；interest vt.使……感到有趣。
题8 （2003 上海春）
It was because of bad weather the football match had to be put off.
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
分析：D。这是一个强调句，对because of bad weather进行强调，强调句的结构是It is/was + 被强调的部分+that(who)…
题9 （2001 上海春）
It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in small village.
A. which B. why C. that D. how
分析：C。这是一个强调句for this reason进行强调，其明显标志是介词for.
一、单元考点提示
1.单词
dip into here and there in a word once again look out for above all refer to shut up key to in other words take turns look over one’s shoulder remind sb. of offer(n.) fix a date for on one’s way to show sb. around have a gift for offer…to lead to so long as hear sb.’s advice value(v.) call in after all eat up report sb. to sb. work out
2.句型
Will you come to…?
Yes, I’d love to…
Would you like to…?
Yes, that’s very kind/nice of you.
I’d like to invite you to…
I’d love to, but…
I’m sorry… That’s nothing
I apologize… Never mind.
Please excuse me… It’s not important.
I’m afraid… That’s all right/OK
I ought to… Don’t worry.
What a shame! Forget it !
3.语法
复习句子成分--谓语
复习被动语态
二、考点精析与拓展
1.swallow vt.吞吃；不嚼就吃下去
She swallowed the medicine with the help of some water.
她用水把药送下去了。
He just swallows his food; he is always in a hurry.
他吃饭狼吞虎咽，总是这么匆忙。
2.dip into 蘸进；随便翻阅；稍稍研究
I haven’t read that book properly. I’ve only dipped into it.
我没有好好读那本书，仅随便翻阅一下。
I’ve only dipped into politics.
我对政治研究不深。
3.in a word总之=in one word
In a word, I don’t trust him.
总这，我不信任他。
Tom is brave, careful and calm. In a word, he is admirable.
汤姆既勇敢、细心又镇静。总之，他很令人羡慕。
4.belong to属于
无被动结构，也不用进行时态。下列单词和词组也无被动形式：appear, disappear, happen, take place, break out等。
The house belongs to him.这所房子归他所有。
The book belongs to my deskmate.
这本书是我同位的。
5.be likely to 易于……；有可能的.
后跟动词不定式，往往用在一时的情形。
I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.
如果今晚不穿大衣出去，我会感冒的。
Is that magazine likely to interest you?
那本杂志对你有吸引力吗？
6.get a general idea of 对……了解大意（大概情况）
Read the chapter quickly to get a general idea.
快速阅读这一章，了解大意。
I have a general idea of that town.
我对那个镇子的大概情况有所了解
7.come across=meet with(meet…by chance/accident)无意中碰到，找到，想到
Perhaps I shall come across him somewhere in the park.
也许我会在公园的某个地方遇到他。
He came suddenly across an idea.
他突然有了一个好主意。
8.in other words换句话说
In other words, they failed to pass the exam.
换句话说，他们考试没有及格。
He became, in other words, a great hero.
也就是说，他成了一位大英雄。
9.take turns = take in turns轮流（做某事）
The two boys took turns at digging the hole.
这两个男孩轮流来挖坑。
The three men took turns to drive so one would not be too tired.
这三个人轮流开车，因此，就不会有人过于疲劳了。
10.talk things through把话说完；充分讨论
You’d better talk things through. I will listen with complete attention.
你最好把话讲完。我会专心听的。
If I had enough time, I would have talked things through.
如果有足够的时间，我会把话说完的。
11.on one’s way to…正在到……，动身往……，在往……的路上
He was on his way to school when suddenly a policeman stopped him.
他正在上学的路上就在这时一个警察截住了他。
They telephoned to say that they were on the way, but they might be late.
他们打电话说他们正在路上，但他们可能来晚。
I called on a friend of mine on my way back.
我在回来的路上拜访了我的一个朋友。
You mustn’t forget to call in at Brown’s on the way home.
你千万别忘了在回家的路上到布朗先生家拜访。
拓展：by the way顺便说；in the way挡道；in a way 某种意义上；lose one’s way迷路；by way of 途经，经由；work one’s way 通过苦干……；no way决不；make one’s way 前进；all the way to…一路至……
12.lively adj.生动的，活泼的
He told a lively story about his life in Africa.
他讲述了一个有关他的非洲生活的一个生动故事。
Young children are usually lively.
年轻人通常很活泼。
拓展：以-ly结尾的形容词还有：
friendly 友好的；lovely可爱的；orderly井然有序的；comradely同志般的；motherly母亲般的；daily每天的；weekly每周的；monthly每月的；yearly每年的；lonely寂寞的，偏僻的；deadly致命的；likely可能的。
对比：alive(1)活着的：可以作表语，这时可与living互换；作定语时，只能作后置定语。
(2)有活力的
He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.
他被送往医院时还活着。
Although he is old, he is still very much alive.
虽然年老了，但他仍十分活跃。
live（1）（动、植物）活着的，作前置定语；如：a live fish一条活鱼
(3)实况的，现场直播的；如：a live report现场报道
living有精神的，活泼的，快活的，轻快的
Her grandfather is still living at the age of 93.
她爷爷已经93岁了，仍然健在。
13. make money = earn money赚钱
He made a lot of money by playing music.
他演奏音乐挣了很多钱。
It is very easy to make money in that city.
在那个城市挣钱很容易。
拓展：
(1)各种money
零用钱：pocket money 外币：foreign currency
硬币：a coin 纸币：a bill（美），a note（英）
零钱，找头：change 伪钞：counterfeit money, bogus money
(2)由money构成的短语：
lose money 亏本；for love or money无论如何；
put money into… 投资于；put money on… 在……上打赌；
spend money like water挥金如土；earn good money赚大钱
(3)由money构成的谚语：
Money makes the mare go.有钱能使鬼推磨。
Money talks.金钱万能。
Time in money.一寸光阴一寸金。
14.lead to(prep.)+n./v-ing引起，造成，导致
Too much work or too little rest often leads to illness.
过度工作或很少休息经常导致疾病。
Difference of opinion led to a heated argument.
意见分歧导致了激烈的争论。
15.so song as/as long as 只要……
You will succeed so long as you work hard.
只要你努力就会成功。
It is a good idea to start a part-time job.
做一项兼职的工作是个好主意。
16.in time及时(=not later than),终究(=sooner or later)
I hope you will arrive in time for the meeting .
我希望你及时到会。
Work hard and you will succeed in time.
努力工作那么最终你将成功。
17.affect（=have an effect on sth.）vt.影响（effect n.影响）
This may affect your health.
这或许会影响你的健康。
My throat is always affected by bad weather.
我的嗓子总是受恶劣天气的影响。
18.be ready to do sth.（=be willing to do sth.）乐意做某事
Tom is always ready to help others.
汤姆总是乐于助人。
If I’ve made any mistake, I’m ready to apologize.
如果我有错误，我愿意道歉。
19.play a trick on sb.= play with sb.捉弄某人，耍弄计谋
He is always playing tricks on others.
他总爱捉弄别人。
Don’t play tricks on me. I want to know the truth.
别耍我，我想知道真相。
up 的用法：adv.守全，彻底
Time is up.时间到了
Have you used up you money?
你的钱用完了吗？
常用短语：eat up吃光；tear up撕掉；use up用光；lock up锁住；burn up烧光；get up起床；up and down上上下下，来来往往。
三、精典名题导解
题1 （NMET 2003 北京）
-How long at this job?
-Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
分析：B。since指从过去某时开始到现在一直进行的动作或所处的状态，应用现在完成时态。
题2 （NMET 2003 上海）
By the end of last year, another new gymnasium in Beijing.
A. would be completed B. was being completed
C. has been completed D. had been completed
分析：D。“by the end of last year”到去年年底，是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
题3 （NMET 2001 上海春）
Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up
I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
分析：D。before这里意为“还没来得及”。
题4 -How are the team playing?
-They’re playing well, but one of them hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
分析：A。got hurt受伤，get 后接过去分词表示被动。受伤的事发生在过去，需用一般过去时。
题5 （NMET 2003 北京）
-I’m sorry I’m calling you so late.
- okay.
A. This is B. You’re C. That’s D. I’m
分析：C。此题考查道歉与应答，That’s okay.这晨相当于That’s all right.（没关系）。
题6 （NMET 2003 北京春）
-What happened to the priceless works of art?
- .
A. They were destroyed in the earthquake
B. The earthquake was destroying them
C. They destroyed in the earthquake
D. The earthquake destroyed them
分析：A。问句的重点在那些珍贵艺术品的遭遇，所以回答的重点应放在它们所处的情况上，适合用被动态。
题7 （NMET 2003 上海）
After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for an hour, thinking of her thinking of her young and happy days.
A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as
分析：A。指时间“长达”应用as long as 表达。
题8 （NMET 2001 全国）
I was really anxious about you. You home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
分析：B。shouldn’t have done表示本不该做某事，而实际上做了。