虚拟语气the Subjunctive Mood的教学设计 (外研版英语高考复习)

篇1：虚拟语气the Subjunctive Mood的教学设计 (外研版英语高考复习)

Teaching aims

Enable the students to master the usage of the Subjunctive mood.

Teaching important points

How to enable the students to know the structure and the usage of the Subjunctive mood.

Teaching difficult points

How to help the students to master the usage of the Subjunctive mood.

Step1 Pre-task activities

1. Group work

If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.由此引入授课内容，主语是I，be 动词怎么用were？不是am或was？会不会是老师弄错了？调动学生的好奇心和学习兴趣。然后，以AIDS为主题学习虚拟语气。

Get Ss to collect more information about AIDS, such as pictures, news and so on before class.

2. Brainstorm

Let the Ss say as many words concerned with the topic AIDS as they can.

HIV: Bad People: Incurable:

Inject drugs: AIDS: Disease:

Symptoms:Virus: Giving blood:

3. Lead-in

Play a short film directed by Liu Dehua which calls for people to have a correct attitude towards people infected with HIV or have AIDS and help people know more about AIDS.

Step2 Task-cycle activities

Task1. Topic focus

Get Ss to make a report about what they know about AIDS through information collecting. Meanwhile they can show pictures by using the multimedia. Such as “ December 1st is the World AIDS Day; “The red ribbon is the national symbol of HIV and AIDS Awareness,” “ Each year, more than 5 million become infected with HIV,” etc.

Task2. Inquiry learning

Ask the Ss to use grammatical materials given and refer to their reference books to find out the rules of the subjunctive mood by group work.

Read the following sentences below. Give your explanation about the sentences and write out your understanding rule.

Sentences ( Example )

Your explanation

Rules

I wish I could fly like a bird.

It’s a pity I can’t fly.

Wish that … did

He wishes she were my friend

If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.

If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.

Give Ss a few minutes to discuss, then each group send a representative to make a conclusion and then the whole class work together to sum up the uses as the followings, the teacher gives help when necessary.

if虚拟条件句

主句

从句

与现在事实相反

过去时；be动词用were

would / should 等+动词原形

与过去事实相反

would / should / 等 + have done

had done

与将来事实可能相反

过去时

should +动词原形

were to +动词原形

would / should 等+动词原形

wish从句虚拟语气

主句

从句

从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为 were）

现在时

过去时

从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had + 过去分词）

过去时

过去完成时

将来不大可能实现的愿望

将来时

would/could +动词原形

Task3 Discussion

Let Ss make wishes using the Subjunctive Mood of different tenses in groups of four.

Step3 Post-task activities

1. Interviewing

Ask the Ss to work in pairs, playing the role of a newspaper reporter and Li Hua, using the Subjunctive Mood. Finally invite some pairs to act out their interview in the front.

2. Writing

Ask the Ss to write an interview dialogue after the interview, trying to use the Subjunctive Mood Learned in this period.

3. Summary

1.We can also use the subjective mood to talk about something unreal or untrue.

2.The subjective mood can be used to show that something is important, necessary or suggested.

homework

1) 整理记录小组活动中你给予别人的和别人给你的建议及其它对话中用到的虚拟语气的句子。.

2) 从网上寻找20道有关虚拟语气的高考题制成语法检测卷作为下节课随堂小测交换使用。

篇2：虚拟语气学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的。

一．在非真实条件句中

虚拟条件句（if从句）主句

与现在事实

相反主语 + 主语 + would/could/might/ should + do

与过去事实

相反主语 + 主语 + would/could/might/should + have done

与将来事实

相反 ①主语 + did

②主语 +were to do

③主语 + should do 主语 + would/could/might/should + do

1 If I were you, I would buy it. 2 If she knew English, she would ask me for help now.

3 If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train yesterday.

注意：错综时间条件句：从句和主句发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间作相应的调整。 5 If you had followed my advice (听从)yesterday, you would be better now.

6 If they had studied hard in the past, they would do it easily now.

二省略if的情况: 虚拟条件句中含were , should, had 时，可省略if,把这几个词置于句首。

1 Were I you, I wouldn’t do that. （be） 2. Had you come earlier, you would have seen him.

3. Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

三含蓄条件句 :使用with, without, but, or,or else, otherwise， but for(= if it were not for…与现在事实相反；if it had not been for…与过去事实相反)等代条件句。

1 We couldn’t have succeeded without your help.(没有你的帮助)

2 But for the rain（要不是） we would have finished the work.

3 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday. or (=If he hadn’t telephoned to inform me of your birthday)I would have known nothing about it.

但是： If it were not for the fact that she ____sing, I would invite her to the party. C

A. couldn’tB. shouldn’t C. can’tD. mightn’t

四常用虚拟语气的句型

(一) 在下列句型中，常用“should + 动词原形”且should可以省略：

1 表示要求，建议，命令，提议，意愿等的主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中。

一坚持insist; 二命令order, command; 三建议suggest, advise,propose; 四要求demand,require,request,ask等后。

注意：当suggest作__________讲，insist作_________讲，后边that从句不用虚拟语气。

2 在It is + 形容词(necessary, natural, strange, etc. ) + that从句中。

在It is/was a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc. ） + that从句中。

1）We all agreed to his suggestion（that）we (should abandon the plan. 放弃那个计划.

2) It is suggested that the meeting should be put off next week.（被推迟）

3) It’s necessary/important/natural that we_______________________每天打扫房间.

但是1) Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. （从未偷过）

2) The look on his face suggested that he was angry.

但是： It is（high/about）time（that）sb.did sth /should do sth

Eg: It is high time we started / should start. 动身出发

(二) 用动词的过去式表示与现在事实（或将来事实）相反，用动词的过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的句型。

1)．wish后that引导的宾语从句中。(表示对将来的设想，用could/would/might+v.)

2)．as if（though）引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中。

3)．would rather后的宾语从句中。

4)．If only引导的感叹句中。

1 I wish I _______________________. 和你一样聪明。

2 I wish he ______________________ tomorrow. 再次尝试

3 He looks as if/though he ____________________. 他是一个艺术家

4 I’d rather you _________________ there yesterday. 不去

5 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _______________ (follow) your advice.

篇3：Module3 The Violence of Nature 教学设计(外研版英语中考复习)

Part One The Analysis of teaching material

The Violence of Nature是外研版Book 3 Module 3的一篇阅读文章，文章共分3部分，分别介绍了两种自然灾害--龙卷风和飓风的形成和危害及一次异常事件。

Part Two Teaching aims

1. 让学生识记并能正确运用以下词汇：ash, bury, current, disaster, erupt, flow, latitude, lava, occur, tornado, tropical, hurricane, pick up, take off, on average, end up。

2. 学习过去完成时的被动语态的用法。

3. 理解含有所学生词、含有过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语的句子和段落，读懂其意义并获取信息；理解模块提供的和来自其他渠道的对不同自然灾害的介绍并获取信息。

4. 引导学生整体把握文章主旨，提高阅读效率；鼓励学生开展小组合作，运用副词表达好消息和坏消息。

5. 了解自然灾害的危害，结合发生在我国的两次大地震及甘肃省舟曲县的泥石流，激发学生学好科学文化知识的决心和信心，以实际行动作好与自然灾害作斗争的准备，为人类造福。

Part Three Important points and difficult aims

1. 通过阅读理解词汇，通过词汇学习掌握文章主旨，加深对文章的理解。

2. 理解文章中含有定语从句的句子及含有过去完成时的被动语态的句子。

3. 联系实际，了解不同的自然灾害带来的危害，激发学生利用所学知识与自然灾害作斗争的决心。

Part Four Teaching procedures

StepⅠWarming up

Show a video “Storm Chasers” and some pictures about tornado, hurricane and other natural disasters to lead in the topic of this passage.

[设计说明]

使用多媒体视频及图片生动、形象地展示与文章相关资料，更直观地展现自然灾害的威力，吸引学生注意，激发他们的学习兴趣和决心。

StepⅡSkimming

Let the students read the whole text quickly and say the main idea of each part.

● Part 1: A tornado is a rotating column of air and introduce its power.

● Part 2: Hurricanes are strong tropical storms and introduce its power and the worst disaster by it.

● Part 3: Charles Coghlan?s story in the worst hurricane disaster.

[设计说明]

通过快速阅读让学生初步了解文章大意，归纳每一部分的主旨大意，提高阅读技能。

StepⅢ Scanning

1. Let the students read the passage again and then work in pairs or groups to fill in the chart according to the text.

Keys:①A rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground ②In the US ③More than 400kms/h ④Pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street - or even in the next town; take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken; destroy the houses ⑤In 1925, in the US; killed more than 700 people; injured 2,700 people ⑥Strong tropical storms ⑦In the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico ⑧120kms/h or more ⑨Cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods ⑩ September the 8th, 1900; killed 6,000 people; destroyed 3,600 buildings

[设计说明]

通过练习使学生有目的地进行阅读，了解文章的细节信息，提高学生获取信息和处理信息的能力。

2. Do activity 2 and activity 3 on Page 22 by themselves.

Activity 2: Read the passages on page 23 and answer these questions.

(1) How strong are tornado winds?

(2) What can happen to furniture when a house is destroyed by a tornado?

(3) How many tornadoes are there in the US every year?

(4) How many people died in the worst tornado of all time?

(5) What happens at sea during a hurricane?

(6) When was the worst hurricane of all time?

(7) Was the actor Charles Coghlan killed in it?

(8) What happened to him after the hurricane?

Keys: (1) More than 400km/h. (2) It stays where it was. (3) About 800. (4) More than 700. (5) It has huge waves. (6) On the 8th September, 1900. (7) No, he wasn?t. (8) His coffin was dropped in the sea by a hurricane and carried to Canada by the Gulf Stream.

Activity 3: Find the words and expressions in the passages and match them with the definitions.

(1) you can see this on an animal_____

(2) describing the hottest parts of the earth, north and south of the equator_____

(3) a terrible event _____

(4) you can see these on a bird _____

(5) to place in the ground or tomb_____

(6) to happen _____

Keys: (1) fur (2) tropical (3) disaster (4) feathers (5) bury (6) occur

[设计说明]

让学生通过练习进一步获取文章信息，提高阅读理解能力及用英语思维的能力。

StepⅣ Careful reading

Let the students read the text carefully and do the following exercises.

Decide if these statements are true(T) or false (F).

(1) All tornadoes have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour. (F)

(2) There are more tornadoes occurring in the US than in other parts of the world. (T)

(3) Tornadoes can?t destroy furniture because they are not violent enough. (F)

(4) In the US, there are usually about 80 people killed in tornadoes every year.(F)

(5) The worst tornado in history killed at least 700 people. (T)

(6) Every year there are six Atlantic hurricanes. (F)

(7) Both the worst tornado and the worst hurricane occurred in the US. (T)

(8) The worst hurricane of all time killed about one?sixth of the population in the US. (F)

(9) Charles Coghlan didn?t become famous until he moved to New York. (T)

(10) Coghlan?s coffin was destroyed by the 1900 Galveston hurricane. (F)

(11) It was only because of the hurricane that Coghlan?s body could travel back to Canada. (F)

[设计说明]

通过细读了解文章细节，指导学生掌握一定的阅读技巧，提高阅读效率。

StepⅤ Important language points

1. Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.

occur:

①发生

e.g. He told me how the accident occurred.

② Sth occur to sb... 想起，浮现

e.g. An excellent idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning.

It occurred to me that I would travel to Europe.

2. On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.

causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语表示两个动作之间具有必然的因果关系，通常放在句末。

e.g. Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular game in the world.

3. The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan?s coffin ended up in the sea.

end up with 以……告终

e.g. Without your help, the experiment will end up with failure.

[设计说明]

让学生掌握重点单词、短语和句型的用法，分析长难句，提高阅读水平和写作技能。

StepⅥ Discussion

The teacher shows the topic and some information about the Wenchuan earthquake. First, let the students discuss in groups. Second, each group will display a passage according to the given materials. Then, the teacher and students correct the mistakes and choose the best one together. Finally, show the possible version for the students to refer to.

Discussion and writing: 根据下面的提示写一篇120~150词的短文，可适当增添细节。

5月12日，一次特大地震袭击了汶川，数以万计的人员伤亡，更有许多人无家可归。震后，交通阻断，水电供应也中断了，灾区情况严峻。消息传出后，全国人民纷纷伸出援助之手，众多国际组织和外国政府实施紧急救援，帮助灾区人们渡过难关。

Some expressions to help you.

● be in ruins 变成废墟

● in a flash 顷刻间

● as a result 结果

● become homeless 无家可归

● what?s worse 更糟糕的是

● lose one?s life 丧生

● take action 采取行动

● donate money 捐钱

● raise / collect money 筹集资金

● call on sb. to do 号召某人做

● share pains and sorrows with...与……分担痛苦与伤悲

● in a short time 在短时间内

● make contributions to 为……作出贡献

[设计说明]

以小组形式展开讨论，激发学生的积极性，提高他们的合作意识；利用所学知识组织文章，使之掌握写作技巧，提高写作能力。

Step Ⅶ Homework

1. Retell the text using about 100 words.

2. Combine the natural disasters which happened in our country in recent years, and write an essay based on the main idea “Faced with a natural disaster, what should you do to fight with it and benefit the human beings?”

[设计说明]

通过复述课文，培养学生利用所学知识进行英语口头表达的能力；自己组织一篇开放式作文，鼓励学生巩固所学知识，并通过多种渠道收集信息，提高学习英语的积极性和主动性。

篇4：Module 4 a social survey 复习(外研版英语高考复习)

Period 1 Words Learning

attractive adj. 有吸引力的；吸引人的

Attract v. 吸引，使喜爱，引起......好感(passive )

Attraction n. [U] 爱慕；吸引

[ C] 向往的地方，有吸引力的事；景点，名胜

Eg : I’m always attracted by the beautiful scenary of France.

The main attraction at Bei Jing is the Great Wall.

She is an attractive woman .

fortunate adj. 幸运的，吉祥的

Fortune n [U] 机会；运气

[C]巨款；命运；前途；发展变化的趋势

Phrases: I.be fortunate to do sth 有幸做......

Eg : She has been fortunate to visit her ideal collage.

II.be fortunate in 交好运，有福气

Eg : I’m very fortunate in having a good parents who are in favor of my job.

III. It is /was fortunate for sb.that ...

谁运气好........

Eg : It was fortunate for him that he arrived in class before the teacher.

IV make a fortune 发财

Eg : He made a fortune in wool business.

sound vi 听起来

n. [U] 声音，声响，音响

[C]嗓音，音乐风格

adj. 安全的，健全的，完好的

adv. 彻底地，充分地

用法：I. sound 作为联系动词，为“听起来” 后可接形容词作表语，还可接名词，代词，介词或从句。

Eg: The song sounds good.

It sound a good idea.

Your voice sounds as if you have a cold.

词组： sound like 听起来像（oral/ informal)

Sound as if /as though 听起来像（written/formal)

II sound voice noise辨析

Sound :泛指自然界所有的声音，可以是悦耳的也可以是噪音

Voice: 特指人通过发音器官发出的声音，可以是说话声也可以是唱歌声

Noise：一般指刺耳，喧嚣的声音。

bother vt. 麻烦，打扰，烦扰

n.[U] 麻烦，困难

[C] 令人烦恼的情况，物，事（a bother)

Phrases : I bother with /about sth 在.....花费时间、精力（常用于否定句和疑问句）

Eg: The problem has been solved so you need not bother with it any more.

II bother to do sth / bother doing sth 花费时间精力做.....

Eg : Why do you bother reading this novel if you are not truly interested?

III bother sb about/ with sth 使某人烦恼；给某人造成麻烦

Eg : I don’t want to bother my mother with my business at the moment.

IV It bothers sb that... 让人感到不安

Eg : It bothers you that she is better than you in study.

approach vt 接近；建议；要求

n. [C]（待人接物或思考问题的）方式，方法，态度；

靠近，接近；道路

Phrases : I approach sb. about/for sth /doing sth 建议/要求某人......；与某人接洽做.......

Eg: She approached the teacher for another paper.

II at the approach of 在......快到的时候

Eg : She finally finished the propose at the approach of meeting.

III make approaches to sb. 接近某人；与某人打交道

Eg : The seller makes approaches to the boss.

IV an approach to ....做某事的方法/途径；通向某地的路径

Eg : The school found an approach to solving the shortage of money.

exchange vt 交换，交流，换掉

N. [C U]交换，交流；兑换，交谈

Phrases: I exchange sth with sb 和某人交换某物

Eg : Lucy exchanged telephone numbers with John.

II exchange A for B 用A换B

Eg : The book seller exchanged his watch for a ticket back to the town.

III in exchange for 作为交换

Eg: The enemy would like 4 tones of rice in exchange for the prisoners.

survive vi 死里逃生；大难不死

Vt 比....活得长；幸免于；生还于

Survivor n. 幸存者；生还者

Survival n. 幸存；残余物

Phrases :I survive (from) sth. 经历（事故、火灾、地震......）幸存者

Eg ：She survived from the storm.

II survive sb 比某人活得长

Eg : The old woman survives her husband by ten years.

III survive on sth 靠.....为生

Eg : The orphan survives on food given by kind people.

IV survive as sth 担任......

Eg : He survived the headteacher until he was seriously ill six months ago.

contract vt 联络；联系

N. 接触；联系；交往，熟人

Phrases: I make contact with sb /get into contact with sb./keep in contract with sb

与.....联系/ 与......取得/保持联系

Eg : I made contract with Mike last night because of Lucy’s party.

II be in/ out of contract with sb 与.....有/没有联系（=lose contract with sb.)

Eg : She was out of contract with her relatives since her parents died in a crash.

注意： keep/be in contract with 和be out of contract with 表状态，可与时间段连用；make/get into contract 和lose contract with 表短暂的动作，不能与时间段连用。

Period 2 Sentence Analysis

It’s been six years since we last saw each other.

由since 引导的时间状语从句

结构：I It is/has been +时间段+since+句子（一般过去时）

II It was +时间段+since+句子（过去完成时）

译为：自从....以来有......时间

Eg : It has been five years since we worked in the company.

since引导时间状语从句根据其后所跟动词，意思有所变化。

(1) 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是短暂性性动词(如go，come，leave， start， begin等)的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从该动作开始的那一时刻起”。这是最常见的一种用法。

Eg:He has studied very hard since he came to our school.

自从来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。

(2) 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的静态动词(如live， stay， study， learn， smoke， be等)的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从该动作或状态的完成或结束时算起”。

Eg :I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.

这句话应译为：从他不住这儿起，我一直没有收到他的信。

试比较：

He has written to me frequently since I was ill.

自从我病愈以来，他经常给我写信。(从句谓语为状态动词)

He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.

自从我生病以来，他经常给我写信。(从句谓语为终止性动词)

(3) 若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词或静态动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在(说话时刻)，其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。

Eg:He has written to me frequently since I have been ill.

这里have been ill表示状态的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始生病”时算起。因此此句可理解为：“自从我生病以来，他经常给我写信。”

试比较：

I’ve written her 20 letters since I have been here.

自从我来到这，我已经给她写了20封信。(从开始算起)

I’ve written her 20 letters since I was here.

自从我离开这儿，我已经给她写了20封信。(从结束算起)

(4) It is + 段时间 + since... / It has been + 段时间 + since...表示“从……起已有多长时间了”。两句型意思相同，前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。

用法：since从句中常用一般过去时，若从句中是持续性动词的一般过去时,则表示该动作结束有多长时间了。如：

It is three years since he smoked.

他不吸烟已有3年了。

试比较：

It is three years since he began to smoke.

It is three years since he has smoked. 两句均意为：他吸烟已有3年了。

注意：在这种结构中， since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，试比较：

他好久没学汉语了。

误：It is a long time since be didn’t study Chinese.

正：It’s a long time since he studied Chinese.

(studied为持续性动词，应从其动作结束时算起)

this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.

句子分析：It is／ was ／will be the + 序数词 + time that 从句。

该句型意为“这是／那是／这将是某人第某某次做某事了”。主句谓语动词用is时，从句用现在完成时；主句的谓语动词用was时，从句用过去完成时；主句的谓语动词用will be时，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时表示将来。如：

Eg :She understood what I was talking about, even though it was the first time we had spoken together.

注意：句型中 it 可以用this 或 that，time 可以用成 week，year，month 等表示时间的名词。如：

Eg :This is the first month that/ year I have been here. 这是我在这儿的地一个月/第一个年头。

They have put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.

Put up 建立，建造；抬起，举起

与“put”相关词组

Put forward 提出

Put on穿上；上演；假装

Put down 放下；写下；镇压

Put up with 忍受；忍耐

Put away 放好；积蓄（put sth away 拿开；移走）

（4）I have always enjoyed living in them.我很喜欢住在城市里。

enjoy doing sth.英语中有一些动词只能接ing作宾语，如：avoid(避免), admit（承认）, appreciate（欣赏，感激）, excuse（原谅）, imagine（想象）, finish（完成）, deny（否认）, keep（一直做）, mind（介意）, miss（错过）, prevent（阻止）, suggest（建议）, stand（忍受）

Eg：I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.

Eg :I really appreciate your helping me.我真的很感激你的帮助

There are times when I need to get out into the countryside and get away from the noise.

Phrase: get away（from）sth/sb./dong sth离开，离去，摆脱

Eg:I’m afraid I can’t get away from the meeting.

拓展：get away with带某人/某物逃跑；（做了坏事却）逍遥法外

(6)Everyday English中的词组

A good many许多，大量的，修饰可数名词复数

类似可以修饰可数名词的词组a large number of, 等。修饰不可数名词的词组有：a great deal of, a large amount of等。既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词的有：plenty of, lots of, a large quantity of,等

Eg :A smaller number of families may raise children.

Eg:He has a great deal of experience.

Eg:He has earned large amounts of money.

Eg:He ate a small quantity of rice.

Period 3 Grammar -the Past Perfect Tense （现在完成时）

现在完成时由have/has+过去分词组成，规则动词的过去分词与过去式同形，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。与现在完成时连用的时间状语主要有两类，一类是表示不确切的时间状语，如just， ever， never， yet， already， before等；另一类是表示包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days， since…，for a long time， this year， so far， up till now 等。

该时态的主要用法如下：

I. 用来表示从过去到现在这段时间里已完成且对现在有影响的动作，例如：

1.John has been to Beijing.（说明他现在已经返回）去过北京

2.John has gone to Beijing.（说明他现在不在此地）去北京了

3.I have seen the film many times.（说明对电影内容很熟悉）这个电影我看过很多次了

II. 表示从过去延续到现在的动作或状态，例如：

1.How many pages have you covered today? 你看了多少页了？

2.It has rained a great deal since you left. 自从你走后，总是下雨。

3.She has been ill for three days. 她病了三天了。

II. This/It is the first /second time…结构中

1.This is the first time I have eaten Pizza. 这是我第一次吃比萨饼。

2.This is the first time they have seen a panda. 这是他们第一次看见熊猫。

3.It is the first time John has played golf. 这是他第一次玩高尔夫球。

IV.关于现在完成时还有以下几个值得注意的问题：

1）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

在单纯谈一个过去的动作，不涉及它对现在的影响时，通常用一般过去时；若谈一件已经发生的事情，不考虑它是什么时候发生的，而主要考虑对现在的影响，则多用现在完成时。

1.Did you get up very early? (强调动作本身) 你起的早吗？

2.Has he got up? （强调现在的情况）他现在起来了吗？

3.What did you have for lunch? （只是想知道所吃事物而已）你午餐吃的什么？

4.Have you had lunch? （所关注的问题是现在肚子饿不饿）你吃午餐了吗？

5.My sister studied English for two years.（只说明过去学过英语，可能现在已经忘了。）

我姐姐曾经学过两年英语。

6.My sister has studied English for two years.（说明现在懂英语）我姐姐已经学两年英语了

2）瞬间动词不能用带有表示一段时间的状语的现在完成时，例如下面几句均正确：

Her granny has died.她祖母死了。

Her granny died a year ago.她祖母一年前死了。

Her granny has been dead for a year.她祖母已经死一年了。

但不能说：Her granny has died for a year.

It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时或现在完成时“结构举例如下：1.It is three years since I (last) saw Bill.

2.It is three years since I worked there. 我不在那里工作已经3年了。

篇5：Module 6 Unit 1 Art Subjunctive Mood 学案设计(新课标版英语高二)

Teaching Aims

1 . find out two forms of “the subjunctive mood”

(1) wish. (that) sb. did/ were

(2) If….did/ were…, …would/ should/ could/ might…;

2.Try to use them in language situations, such as pictures,dialogues and passages.

3. Form a good habit in grammar learning enhancing the students’ confidence in learning abilities.

Teaching Procedures

StepⅠ Free talk and lead-in

1.Talk about wishes and try to identify the use of Subjunctive Mood

We wish you a Merry Chrismas

= We wish you will have a Merry Chrismas →(likely to happen)

I wish I were a student as young as you → ( )

2.Questions:

What mood is used in the sentence above?

Step ⅡSubjunctive Mood

1. wish- clause in the subjunctive mood

1)Discribing pictures using wish clauds of the subjunctive mood

I wish every day were my birthday.

He wishes he were as tall as Yao Ming.

I wish I could fly like a bird.

I wish/wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon.

I wish it would rain tomorrow.

2).Change the following sentences.

e.g. I’m not a girl.

I wish I were a girl.

1. I can’t solve my problem.

I wish I could solve the problem.

2. He didn’t pass the exam.

He wished he had passed the exam.

3. We are afraid the performance won’t go well tomorrow.

We wish the performance would go well tomorrow.

3).Summary the sentence patterns

现在

wish clause 过去

将来

4)．Pair work

If today were your birthday and you could achieve your wish, tell your partner what wishes you want to have.

A: Happy Birthday to you!

B: Thank you!Welcome to my birthday party!

A:Today is your birthday.Would you like to tell me your birthday wishes?

B: Oh! I wish …….

3.If …..sentence structure in the subjunctive mood

1).Expressing pictures using wish clauds of the subjunctive mood

If I had enough money,I would have bought a big house

If I had a chance now,I would have a voyage and travel on the island

If he had been more careful, he wouldn’t have had the car accident yesterday.

If I should live in the South Pole,I would be willing to

If I were to take part in the game tomorrow, I would be the winner.

2). Try to fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given in the brackets.

1.People say that the art exhibition is worth seeing.I wish I ____ (can) go with you but I’m busy these days

2.If I ____ (can) paint ,I _____ (paint) you an absract painting in the style of Matisse.

3.We don’t know her address. If we ____ (know) it ,we ________ (send) her a big bunch of flowers.

4.If you _______ (take) my advice this morning, you __________________ (miss) the bus.

5.It’s Miss Liang’s birthday next monday.I wish I ____ (can) take her out to a superb restaurant for dinner,but I’ll be on business

6.I really appreciate your helping .Without your help,we ______________ (not complete) the project tomorrow

7.If Peter __________(come) to our shool, he ______ (can) go to our art classroom

3).Summary the sentence patterns

If从句主句

现在

过去

将来

4).Distinguish the differences between a factual situation and a wish

Write F if the sentence refers to a factual situation,and write W if it refers to a wish

1.He would come to the party if he didn’t have to work. ( ) = He wants to come,but he can’t just beacause he has to work.

2.If he has time,he always walks into the cafe and asks for a cup of coffee. ( )

= He always walks into the caffe and asks for a cup of coffee when he has time.

3.If I had enough money I would buy a new car.( )

4.I’ll go with you to the gallery if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.( )

5)Practise

Change the following statements into wishes

1.He has no right to choose his holiday,so he can’t go to Mexico.

●If he _____ right to choose his holiday,he would go to Mexico.

2. I can’t eat shellfish because I am allergic to them.

● If I were not allergic to shellfish,I _______________________.

3.As the marble stature is too large for her garden,the housewife won’t buy it.

●If _________________________________________,the house wife would buy it.

4.We know very little about the disease, so we are abe to treat the patients very effectively.

StepⅢ Play a game,following the example

Eg.I want to have a car.What would happen.if I had a car?

● If you had a car ,you would have an accident.

● If you had an accident, you would have to be sent to hospital

● If you were sent to hospital,we would go to see you

(1)If I were the principal (校长)of the shool,I …..

(2) If I graduated from shool,I……

StepⅣ Summary

Make a quick review about what we have learnt today.

StepⅤwrite a passage

Ss are asked to prepare a passage under the following instructions.

If you were the principal（校长）of the school, what measures would you take to make a difference?

Organize your measures and write a campaign speech (竞选演说稿）----- “If I Were Mr. Principal”.

Please prepare your campaign speech in this way:

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I’m honored here to give you a speech. First of all, I’m sure I have all the qualities a principal needs. I’m proud I’m the very person. How I wish I were Mr. Principal!

If I were Mr. Principal, I would

Use as many sentences as possible with the following two structures.

(1) If….did/ were…, …would/ should/ could/ might…;

(2) wish. (that) sb. did/ were

篇6：start module3 教案教学设计(外研版英语七年级)

Starter Module 3 练习

Unit 1

Ⅰ．请根据句意及首字母提示写出单词。

1. -What c__________ is the flower?

-It’s blue.

2. Look! It’s a b_______ bird. The bird is a crow (乌鸦).

3. Look at that tree! It’s g__________ .

4. Those are y_______ bananas.

5. The man is very old. His hair is w_________ .

Ⅱ. 请根据括号内的要求完成下例句子，每空一词(含缩写)。

1. The bird in the tree is black. (改为一般疑问句)

___________the bird in the tree __________?

2. The flowers on the desk are blue. (改为否定句)

The flowers on the desk__________________ .

3. The orange is orange. (对划线部分提问)

__________________is the orange?

4. It is a green apple. (改为复数句子)

They are______________________.

Unit 2

Ⅰ. 请根据汉语句子完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

1. 我的帽子在哪里？

____________ is my____________?新课|标第|一|网

2. 你的鞋在床下。

Your________ are _________ the bed.

3. 那支钢笔在桌子上的包里。

The pen is ___________ the bag _________ the desk.

4. 玲玲和她的老师在教室里。

Lingling and her teacher _______ _______ the classroom.

Ⅱ．请根据例句、图片及提示词写出句子。X-k-b-1.-c-o-m

提示： apples, on, tree

例句： The apples are on the tree.

1. 提示: shoes, in, box

2. 提示: cat, on, desk

3. 提示: car, under, tree

新-课-标-第-一-网

Unit 3

Ⅰ．请根据图片提示写出相应的单词。

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

1. _______ 2.________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. __________

Ⅱ．请根据括号内的要求完成下列句子。

1. I like fish best. （改为同义句）

My ________ food __________ fish.

2. My favourite food is eggs.

(对划线部分提问)

__________ is your __________ food?

3. favourite, his, food, rice, is (连词成句) ww w.x k b1.co m

_______________________________________________ .

Ⅲ. 请根据对话内容在横线处填入所缺单词，使对话完整、通顺（含缩写）。

A: Hi, Bill. (1) _______________ colour is the apple?

B: (2)______________ red.

A: What about the flowers?

B: (3) _________________yellow.

A: What’s this, Bill?

B: Oh! It’s a (4)_______________ .

A: How do you (5) ____________ it?

B: B-I-R-D.

答案

Unit 1

Ⅰ． 1. colour 2. black 3. green 4. yellow 5. white

Ⅱ. 1. Is; black 2. aren’t blue 3. What colour

4. green apples

Unit 2

Ⅰ. 1. Where; cap 2. shoes; under 3. in; on 4. are in

Ⅱ. 1. The shoes are in the box. www.xkb1.com

2. The cat is on the desk.

3. The car is under the tree.

Unit 3

Ⅰ. 1. cake 2. pear 3. fish 4. bananas 5. rice

Ⅱ． 1. favourite; is 2. What; favourite

3. His favourite food is rice

Ⅲ. 1. What 2. It’s 3. They’re 4. bird 5. spell

篇7：NSEFC-II Unit08The Fifth Period The Subjunctive Mood(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

Teaching Aims.

1. Review the learnt sentence structure in the Subjunctive Mood.

2. Sum up the cases in which we should use the Subjunctive Mood.

Teaching Important Point:

Understand and learn to use the Subjunctive Mood.

Teaching Difficult Point:

Use the correct verb-form to show the Subjunctive Mood in different cases.

Teaching Methods:

1. Inductive method to learn the Subjunctive Mood in different cases.

2. Practise to learn to use the Subjunctive Mood.

Teaching Aids:

1. a projector

2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step I Greetings

Greet the whole class as usual.

Step Ⅱ Revision

T: In Unit 7 and Unit 8, we've learnt some sentence structures to talk about events or situations which are not certain to happen. This is called the Subjunctive Mood. We use a special group of verb-forms to express it. Now let's do an exercise. Look at the screen. Fill in the blanks using the right form of the verb in each bracket.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

1. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she (come), she would have met my brother.

2. I wish (be) as strong as you.

3. If I (know) German, I would read the book in the original.

4. I've loved you as if you (be) my son.

5. If I (do) it, I would do it in a different way

(Teacher gives the students some time to prepare, and then check the answers with the whole class.)

篇8：浅谈高中英语口语教学 (外研版英语高一)

浅谈高中英语口语教学

作为人类社会的一员,我们没有哪天能不交际。另外随着我国加入WTO组织,北京奥运会日益临近,中国在世界舞台上扮演着越来越多重要的角色。这样人与人之间,国与国之间的交际越来越频繁,然而中国的英语教学仍然延续着过去那种“注入式”费时低效的、以教师为中心、以传授语知识和技能为主的英语教学模式,中国考生的英语语言交际能力面临着严峻的考验。我们教学英语,也正是为了让考生顺应当今社会经济发展的需要,掌握一门工具,更好的为生活和学习服务,因而,我们要教给学生的不仅是英语知识,更重要的是要培养考生的交际能力。使他们能运用所学的语言进行有效的交际。

英语口语教学课程是比较难策划和制作的课程,这主要是英语口语教学的特点所决定的,英语口语教学主要有以下几个较其他课程教学更为突出的特点:

1.课程的实践性。语言学习的特点之一就是极强的实践性。英语课程的实践性是十分突出的,特别是在口语学习中,需要的是师生间,生生间双向甚至多向的交互。英语的语法、句型、词汇仅仅听懂了是远远不够的,学生如果不会在实际交互中应用,和没有学是一样的。能否在教学中创造实践的机会和交互的条件,决定着语言口语教学的好坏和优劣。

2.学习的交互性。从语言学习的掌握来看,它是一个综合性的技巧掌握过程,听、说、读、写、译等诸多方面均需要进行交互才能得到很好掌握,而发展“说”这方面的熟练技能,更是离不开交互。上面提到的英语口语教学的实践性也决定了大量的交互工作是达成英语口语学习实践目标不可或缺的前提。无论教学还是自学的角度,都需要学生和学生、学生和教师间有大量的交互过程。缺乏了这个过程,学生学成的英语就会是哑巴英语和汉语式英语。

3.环境的真实性。英语口语教学的交互需要良好的语言环境,这需要多方面的塑造。缺乏真实的语言环境,学习情景的真实性不强,已经成为英语口语教学中最大的绊脚石。而营造动态交互的语言学习环境,在交互中融合协作学习、自主学习和自适应学习于一体,也有利于真实性语言输入和输出。重视英语口语教学课程的实践性、学习的交互性、环境的真实性这些特点是形成良好的英语口语教学的前提,从而可以保证英语学习的质量。那么我们在教学中怎样才能做到这些呢?

1.教学中,使学生端正学习动机,愿用英语交流

从学习心理分析,人的学习动机包含内部动机(intrinsie motivation)和外部动机(extrinsic motivation)。内部动机由内部动因(内驱力drive)引起,外部动机来自于外部诱因(incentive)。

兴趣有主动兴趣(active interest)和被动兴趣(passive interest)。主动兴趣是主体自觉的喜好情绪,被动兴趣是主体因外部压力产生的喜好情绪反应。英语学习的动机和兴趣决定学习的程度和效率。学生学习英语的动机是什么?有人会说为了满足当今开放性社会的需求,提高自己毕业后的职场竞争力。但是,这只是学习的外部动机。与之相适应的是被动学习兴趣,其心理表现是我不得不学。英语学习的内部动机应该是实现英语社会的无障碍交流,满足英语环境下的生活和工作的需要。因此,强烈的社会融人性动机(integrative motivation)因子会让学习者产生我要用英语交流的心理自觉,表现为愿学、合作、有意志和感兴趣,这就是主动学习兴趣。主动学习兴趣会促使学习者愿意利用一切可交流的对象,包括学习同伴和英语母语者,练习英语口语。

2.教学中,优化心理状态,敢用英语交流

健康的心理状态有利于学习的发展,消极的心理则制约着学习的进程。学生学习英语典型的消极心理是爱面子,不敢开口讲英语,尤其是不敢同外国人讲英语,担心出了错误会被人笑话。事实上这种担心完全是多余的,因为人人都知道语言学习必须有一个积累的过程,语言能力的提高正是建立在无数个由未知到已知、由错误到正确的转化基础之上的。所以,学生应大胆开口讲英语,在交流的实践中去发现问题,纠正错误,不断提高,让语言知识在互动的学习环境中实现内化。

3.在教学中,采用“观、说、听、协、评、移”的交互教学模式,使学生会用英语交流

观:观看情境,提高兴趣。老师利用在互联网上查找到的适于言语练习的情境资源,作为激发兴趣的资料为学生创设出言语练习的情境,学生观看动画、观察图片,在视觉、听觉的综合刺激调动起学习的积极性,并在老师暗示性的引导和要求下产生“说”的欲望。老师的引导、要求是使教学过程实现教学目标的保证,是不可缺少的环节。

说:选材练说。学生根据自己的兴趣,选择互联网上教师事先准备好的具有相似相关性的练说图片、动画、故事情节材料等,在“观”的基础上进行口语表达练习,可用多媒体录音机将自己的练习录下来。

听:听老师和其他同学的口语表达。在网络学习环境中听老师的示范、听其他学习者的言语表达,以此培养良好的听话习惯,用老师的示范、其他学习者的优点来促进自己的言语练说。此步骤也是课堂内的重要环节。

协:师生协作,生生协作,完成情境对话练习。对于给定的情境,学习者通过互联网上的语音聊天室,相互协作,完成对某情境的口语练习。在学习任务完成的过程中,发展协作能力、与人交往的能力,以此促进高级认识能力的发展。

评:对其他学习者的学习结果、学习过程的评价。学习者通过对其他学习者的口语表达结果进行口头(当堂)或书面(将评价发布在网络上,多在课后)的评价,也可用口头或书面的方式对协作小组内其他同学的学习过程进行评价。此评价过程在老师的引导和组织下进行,老师对学生评价的客观性和准确性进行正确引导,并引导学生对口语表达规律的总结。

移:意义建构,迁移练说。课内获得的口语表达规律,在课外继续进行巩固练习。在老师的要求和引导下,使学生自己将口语表达的环境从教室的课堂里扩展到校园的各个场景中,并从校园中扩展到家里、社会的各个场景里,以此强化意义建构。

有效的英语学习,特别是英语口语学习,应该是一个交互的过程。在学习过程中,学生自觉养成多听、多读、多写、多说的习惯很重要,这就要求教师在口语教学的教学设计中,多融入教学交互因素,以激发学习者参与交互的积极性。

篇9：外研版英语七年级下册教学总结(外研版英语七年级)

1. a bottle of 2. a little

3. a lot (of) 4. all day

5. be from 6. be over

7. come back 8. come from

9. do one’s homework 10. do the shopping

11. get down 12. get home

13. get to14. get up

15. go shopping 16. have a drink of

17. have a look 18. have breakfast

19. have lunch 20. have supper

21. listen to 22. not…at all

23. put…away 24. take off

25. throw it like that 26. would like

27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening

29. on a farm 30. in a factory

1. Let sb. do sth.

2. Could sb. do sth.?

3. would like sth.

4. would like to do sth.

5. What about something to eat?

6. How do you spell …?

7. May I borrow…?

之交际用语

1. -Thanks very much!

-You're welcome.

2. Put it/them away.

3. What's wrong?

4. I think so.

I don't think so.

5. I want to take some books to the classroom.

6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.

Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.

9. What's your favourite sport?

10. Don't worry.

11.I’m (not) good at basketball.

12. Do you want a go?

13. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.

14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?

Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

15. We / They have some CDs.

We / They don’t have any CDs.

16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow?

---It’s Monday.

17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please?

---Certainly. Here you are.

18. ---Where are you from?

---From Beijing.

19. What's your telephone number in New York?

20. ---Do you like hot dogs?

---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)

---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)

21. ---What does your mother like?

---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.

22. ---When do you go to school every day?

---I go to school at 7:00 every day.

23. ---What time does he go to bed in the evening?

---He goes to bed at 10:00.

1.That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.

That’s right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如：

”I think we must help the old man.“”我想我们应该帮助这位老人。“

”That's right.“或 ”You're right.“”说得对“。

That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如：

”Many thanks.“ ”That's all right.“”Sorry. It's broken.“ ”That's all right.“

All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”

”Please tell me about it.“ ”请把此事告诉我。“

”All right.“”好吧。“

Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗

2. make/do

这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件具体的事。

Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗？

He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。

3. say/speak/talk/tell

say：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：

“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”

Please say it in English .请用英语说。

speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 。如：

Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况？

I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。

speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如：

She speaks English well.她英语说得好。

talk : 与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词，不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：

I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。

Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。

tell : “告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：

He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。

tell a lie 撒谎 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.

Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.

4. do cooking/ do the cooking

do cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语：

do some washing 洗些衣服 do some shopping 买些东西 do some reading 读书 do some writing 写些东西

do some fishing 钓鱼

从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some, much或定冠词。

go shopping 去买东西 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船 go swimming 去游泳

5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.

like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：

He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming. 他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。

6. other/ others/ the other/ another

other表其余的，别的。 Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?

others 别的人，别的东西

In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。

the other表另一个（二者之中）one…，the other…

One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。

another表三者以上的另一个，另一些

There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。

7. in the tree/ on the tree

in the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为”在树上“但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用on the tree.如：

There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。 There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。

8. some/ any

(1)some和 any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。

some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：

There is some water in the glass. Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.

(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用some。如：

Would you like some tea?

9. tall/ high

(1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用high，例如

a tall woman 一个高个子妇女 a tall horse 一个高大的马

(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，例如：

He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高。

(3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。

(4)high可作副词，tall不能。 (5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.

10. can/ could

(1) can表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的”能力“。例如：

Can you ride a bike？你会骑自行车吗？What can I do for you？要帮忙吗？

Can you make a cake？你会做蛋糕吗？

(2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的”怀疑“”猜测“或不肯定。例如：

Where can he be？他会在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？这个消息会是真的吗？

It surely can't be six o'clock already？不可能已经六点钟了吧？

You can't be hungry so soon，Tom，you've just had lunch.汤姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午饭。

What can he mean？他会是什么意思？

在日常会话中，can可代替may表示”允许“，may比较正式。例如：

You can come in any time.你随时都可以来。

--- Can I use your pen？我能用你的钢笔吗？--- Of course，you can.当然可以。

You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。

(3)could

could 是 can的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可能性（在否定和疑问句中）。例如：

The doctor said he could help him.（能力）医生说他能帮助他。

Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。

At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。

could可代替can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。例如：

Could I speak to John，please？我能和约翰说话吗？

Could you？在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：

Could you wait half an hour？请你等半个小时好吗？

Could you please ring again at six？六点钟请你再打电话好吗？

(4) can的形式

只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态（包括将来时）须用be able to加动词不定式来表示。例如：

They have not been able to come to Beijing. 他们没有能到北京来。

11. look for/ find

look for 意为“寻找”，而find意为“找到，发现”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注重“找”的结果，而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。

Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找到。

12. be sleeping/ be asleep

be sleeping 表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”；be asleep 表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如：

---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子们在房间里做什么？---They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。

The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。

13. often/ usually/sometimes

often表示”经常“，sometimes表示”有时候“，在表示发生频率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词（be动词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，则放在句首。

We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，我睡觉很早。

He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。

14. How much/ How many

how much常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是How much is / are…?

How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱？How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？

how much后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多少“，how many后加可数名词的复数形式。

How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少人？

15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at

be good for 表示”对……有好处“，而be bad for表示”对……有害“；be good to表示”对……友好“，而be bad to表示”对……不好“；be good at表示”擅长，在……方面做得好“，而be bad at表示”在……方面做得不好“。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。

Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。

Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。

The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。

Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。

16. each/ every

each 和every都有”每一个“的意思，但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼，every从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。

We each have a new book. 我们每人各有一本新书。

There are trees on each side of the street. 街的两旁有树。

He gets up early every morning. 每天早晨他都起得早。

each可以用作形容词、副词和代词；every只能用作形容词。

Each of them has his own duty 他们各人有各人的义务。

They each want to do something different 他们每个人都想做不同的事情。

17. 一般现在时/现在进行时

一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力，还有自然现象；而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作（构成方式为am/is /are/+doing）。

I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作业。

I'm doing my homework now. 我现在正在做作业。

现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等词连用；而一般现在时常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等连用。

We often clean the classroom after school.我们经常放学后打扫教室。

Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看！他们正在打扫教室呢。

1.（安徽省中考试题）

---Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you.

---I ________ for an important phone call. Go without me.

A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited

2. (20长春市中考试题)

Could you help ____ with _______ English, please?

A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I

3.(年长春市中考试题)

Dr. White can _______ French very well.

A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell

4.（2004年黄冈中考试题）

English is spoken by ______ people.

A. a lot B. much many C. a large number of D. a great deal of

一.单项选择

1. There is some ______ on the plate

A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears

2. Uncle Wang wants ______ the machine like a bike.

A. ride B. riding C. rides D. to ride

3. Tom usually goes to bed ________ ten o'clock in the evening

A. at B. in C. on D. of

4. ______ picture books in class, please.

A. Not read B. No read C. Not reading D. Don't read

5. The box is too heavy. Let ________ help you to carry it.

A. we B. us C. ours D. our

6. Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the meeting.

A. and B. but C. then D. or

7. People usually ______ ”hello“ to each other when they make a phone call.

A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk

8. Look! She ________ a kite for her son.

A.makes B. is making C. make D. making

9. These shoes are yours. Please ________.

A. put on them B. put on it C. put them on D. put it on

10. She often gets ______ very late.

A. home B. at home C. to home D. in home

11. I think the shop is closed ________ this time of day.

A. in B. on C. at D. for

12. I want ______ of meat, please.

A. half kilo B. a half kilo C. half a kilo D. a kilo half

13. --- Is this black ruler ________? --- No. It's ________.

A. yours, his B. your, his C. yours, him D. you, he

14. ________ book on the desk is a useful（重要的）one.

A B. An C. The D. /

15. Grandma is ill. We have to take her to the ________.

A. farm B. post office C. hotel D. hospital

16. Liu Mei often helps her mother ________ housework.

A. does B. do C.doing D. to doing

18. There ________ a box of apples on the desk.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

19. Would you like ________ with me?

A. go B. to go C. going D. goes

20. Sometimes his brother ________ TV after supper.

A. watch B. sees C. watches D. is watching

二. 填空

A. 根据句义和首字母写出所缺的单词

1. Kate's glass is empty. She wants a f______ one.

2. I think my father can help you m______ your broken bike.

3. I have two pencils. One is short, the other is l______.

4. Please open the w______. It's getting hot here.

5. Something is w______ with my bike. May I borrow yours?

B. 根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空

1. There are some ________ there, talking loudly. (woman)

2. This blouse isn't hers. It's ________. (my)

3. The people on the farm are very ________. (friend)

4. Do you know ________? (he)

5. Tom's uncle can drive cars. He is a good ________. (drive)

C. 选词并用其适当形式填空

work, close, look, have, teacher, pen, eat, China, play, climb

1.This is our ________ desk. Ours are over there.

2. Bill has three ________. One is new and the other two are old.

3.His uncle ________ very young but he is over forty.

4. Let's ________ basketball after class.

5.Look! The cats are ________ up the trees.

6. The shop isn't open. It's ________.

7.My brother ________ some new picture books.

8. In our classroom there is a large map of ________.

9. Mum, please give me something to ________. I'm very hungry.

10. Does Mr Green like ________ in this Chinese school?

三. 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话

A. Please give it back soon.

B. It's over there

C. Certainly. When do you want it?

D. Thank you very much.

E. Black and red, and it's not very new.

A: Excuse me, Lin Tao! B: Yes?

A: My bike is broken. Can I borrow yours? B: __1____.

A: This afternoon. B: OK. Here's the key.

A: ____2__. But where is it? B: __3____.

A: What colour is it? B: __4____.

A: I see. I think I can find it. B: ___5___. A: All right. See you!

四. 完型填空

These days men and women , young and old are ___1_____ the same kind of ___2____, and a lot of ___3_____ have long hair（头发）. We often can't ___4_____whether they are boys or girls, men or women.

___5_____ old man often goes to walk in the park. He is sitting on a chair now. A young person is ___6_____ ___7_____ him. ”Oh, goodness!“ the old man says to the other one. ”Do you ___8_____ that person with long hair? Is it a boy or a girl?“

”A boy,“ says the other one. ”He is my son.“ ”Oh,“ says the old man, ”Please ____9____ me. I don't know you are his ____10____.“ ”I'm not his mother, I'm his father,“ says the other one.

1.A. having B. wearing C. putting D. buying

2. A. clothes B. trees C. pictures D. Bags

3. A. we B. your C. themD. Theirs

4. A. talkB. teach C. say D tell

5. A. An B. A C. The D. /

6. A. running B. flying C. standing D. driving

7. A. on B. beside C. in D. At

8. A. see B. watch C. lookD. Read

9. A. help B. excuse C. teach D. Ask

10.A baby B.sister C. father D. Mother

五. 阅读理解

( A )

Mr Li teaches Chinese in the USA. He comes back to China every year. He gives us a talk. He says,” K Day in the USA is very interesting. All children like it very much. It is on March 7th. When you go out on that day, you can see children running with kites in the open air(露天). When you look up, you can see different kites in the sky（天空）. Some are big, and some are small. They are in different colours. Every kite has a long string(长线). The children begin to run when they get the kites up. Every child has a good time that day.

1. Mr Li is _______________. He works in the USA.

A. a worker B. an English teacher C. a doctor D. a Chinese teacher

2. Mr Li says something about _______________.

A. how to study English B. K Day in the USA C. his work in the USA D. playing in the open air

3. March 7th is _________________. A. Children's Day B. Teachers' Day C. K Day D. Tree planting Day(植树节)

4. Every kite has _________________. A. a short string B. a long string C. the same colour D. the same size(大小)

5. There are _______________ kites in the sky on that day. A. all kinds of B. one kind of C. three kinds of D. three

( B )

Paula Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Get up 7:10 a.m. 7:10 a.m. 7:10 a.m. 7:10 a.m. 7:10 a.m.

morning school school school school school

lunch pizza rice rice rice rice

afternoon Yo-yo Table-tennis Table-tennis Table-tennis football

evening homework homework television homework clothes

Go to sleep 10:15 p.m. 10:15 p.m. 10:15 p.m. 10:15 p.m. 10:15 p.m.

根据表格内容选择最佳答案。

6. On _______________, Paula usually gets up at 7:10 am. A. Thursdays B. Wednesdays C. weekdays D. weekends

7. Pizza is a kind of _________________. A. drink B. fruit C. toy D. food

8. Paula's favourite sport is _________________. A. volleyball B. table-tennis C. yo-yo D. football

9. On Wednesday evenings Paula usually ___________________.

A. watches TV B. does her homework C. washes her clothes D. goes to see her friends

10. Which is wrong?

A. Paula goes to school from Monday to Friday. B. Paula goes to bed after ten o'clock.

C. Paula has sports in the afternoon D. Paula usually has Pizza for lunch.

篇10：高中英语新课程改革面面观(外研版高考复习11)

这次课程改革意义重大深远，同时这次课程改革在教学目标、课程结构、和教学方式方法上，比起以往都有着巨大的变化。对这一点，我们必须要有足够的认识和准备。在这里，我想谈一些个人的理解。

（一）、新课程目标的改革

课程由诸多要素构成，其中课程目标是课程的第一要素，也是课程设计过程中极其重要的一个环节。课程设计需要首先从确定课程目标开始，因为课程目标将明确课程设计的基本方向和具体任务。要明确课程目标，首先要明确课程目标的价值取向。

（1）、新旧课程目标的价值取向对比：

从历史上，课程目标基本上有三种价值取向：

①社会本位的课程目标。这种课程目标主要强调课程的社会价值，它规定了能够为社会发展做出贡献的人才的标准；但是具有这种价值取向的课程目标容易忽视课程对学生自我发展的价值。也就是忽略了学生个性塑造上的价值。

②学生本位的课程目标。这种课程目标主要强调课程的个性发展价值，它规定了人的发展标准，但是这种价值取向的课程目标容易忽视课程对社会发展的价值，也就是说，它忽视了课程在培养社会建设者上的价值。

③学科本位的课程目标。这种课程目标主要强调课程的学科发展价值，它规定了作为学科专业人才所应具备的基本素养；但是这种目标只适用与对专业人才的培养。

（2）、新课程的价值取向：

新课程的价值取向是人的发展。其中影响较大的价值取向有三种：

①以经济发展为本；

②以社会发展为本；

③以人的发展为本。

新课程价值在于通过促进人的发展来推动经济发展和社会发展，实现了课程价值的融合，这种融合浓缩为一句话就是：为了每一位学生的发展。

（二）、课程结构的改革：

1、课程结构编排上的变化

（1）、旧教材采每单元的结构采用了九个部分：分别是

① Warming up (热身)，

② Listening (听力)

③ Speaking （语言表达）

④ Pre-reading (读前)

⑤ Reading （阅读）

⑥ Post-reading （读后）

⑦ Language study （语言学习），其中包括Word study(词汇)和Grammar(语法学习)两部分。

⑧ Integrating skills （综合技能训练），其中包括Reading (阅读)和（写作）

⑨ Tips （技巧）

（2）、新教材对各单元的每个部分进行了调整，调整后的顺序为

① Warming up (热身)，

② Pre-reading (读前)

③ Reading （阅读）

④ Comprehending (理解练习)

⑤ Learning about language (语言学习)；其中包括Discovering useful words and expressions(发掘有用词汇和短语)和 Discovering useful structures (发掘有用的语言结构)。

⑥ Using language (使用语言)；其中包括 Listening and Speaking（听力和语言表达）和Reading and Writing (阅读和写作练习)。

⑦ Summing up ( 总结)

⑧ Learning tips(学习技巧)

2.课程结构功能的变化

新课程对每单元各部分的结构进行了重新整和与编排，使得英语学习和对英语知识的运用与掌握的功能得到进一步的发挥。从而更进一步的完善新课程目标的基本方向和具体任务。体现出新课程的价值取向的正确性和先进性。

旧教材是采用热身部分导入单元框架，并在听力与语言表达这两部分使用与本单元阅读内容相关的知识和内容。通过读前导入课文和读后的综合训练，使学生对阅读部分的内容和知识熟练掌握。但这种结构很容易导致师生同时走入误区，认为只有阅读这一部分才是最重要的，从而导致教材功能得不到有效发挥同时学生的教材的兴趣也会大大减小。在接下来的语言学习过程中采用的直接导入的方式忽略了对学生学习的主动性的激发与发掘，同时使得课堂教学枯燥无味，降低了学习气氛。而新教材将Post-reading （读后）改为Comprehending (理解练习)，在加强学生对课文的理解的同时也开发了学生对篇章的理解的综合概括能力。在语言学习的过程中采用以学生为主体，主动去发掘词汇知识和语言语法句型的运用能力，通过这种化被动为主动的改变大大提高了学生的积极主动性和激发学生学习英语的好奇心和兴趣爱好。也充分体现出新教材的合理性和优越性。

（三）、教学方式与学习方式的转变

高中英语新教材的产生和应用冲击了人们原有的传统观念，激活了人的思想，引发了教学的改革。新教材中的话题、结构、功能的结合，使学生能在大量的语言实践中既学到了语言文化知识又了解了各国的风土人情，生活习惯。更鼓励教师采用现代化的教学手段，利用现代化教学设备，吸引学生的注意力，激发学生学习英语的兴趣，从而帮助搞好自己的教学。而这一切，并非每一位教师和学生轻轻松松都能达到的，它需要教师和学生不断的实践和努力，这无疑是对我们高中英语教师的一种鞭策。这就要求我们教师积极配合教学改革，钻研教学方式和摸索对学生行之有效的学习方式。

1.探求英语教学新模式，拓宽学习英语渠道。

在英语教学中，我们要认真研究英语新教材的教学目标、教学重点、教学难点，不断探索教学新模式，拓宽学生学习英语渠道。

一要创新课堂设计。对不同的课程结构，进行专门的课堂设计，突出课程的教学特点与教学目标，有的放矢的进行教学。

二要创新课程训练。依据课程的特点和学生自身的特点，编写专门的英语学习辅导材料，通过课堂教学和课后训练，从而提高学生的学习水平。

三要创新教学活动。组织学生参与英语学习兴趣小组、举办英语演讲比赛等活动，让学生人人参与，有所收获。

2. 充分运用英语课堂教学，激发学习英语潜能。

教师在英语课堂教学中要充分发挥学生的主体作用，多方面调动学生的积极性和主动性，引导学生积极思考、主动探索、自觉实践，努力营造英语教学互动的教学氛围。

在英语课堂教学中，学生提问时，教师要耐心倾听，仔细分析，认真释疑，并及时鼓励，注重培养每位学生的参与意识，让学生从学习的过程中体验到快乐，让不同层次的学生都有所收获，哪怕是一天学到一个单词，记上一个短语，能用英语说上一句话，从而让他们在学习中获得满足感、成就感。同时，对善于好学好问的学生要给予鼓励和表扬，以促进学生对英语的理解、表达和运用。

3. 积极营造情境氛围，掌握学习英语技巧。

在引导学生参与英语学习活动的过程中，应多设置日常生活情境，让学生感受到整个学习过程中都渗透着浓浓的英语情境氛围。例如，利用录音机、多媒体等手段播放英文歌曲和英文影片，将英语语言通过音乐和动作情境表现出来，为学生创造一种英语特有的学习氛围，从而逐渐消除学生对英语学习的厌恶感。其次，要帮助学生培养听、说、写等多方面的能力。让学生多听一些英语听力方面的材料，尝试用英语进行会话交流，同时鼓励学生用英语去写日记等，通过这一系列的英语学习技巧训练，让他们能够快速的掌握英语学习方法，使他们主动地走近英语知识的殿堂，感受到学习英语的快乐。

（四）、新课程与教师自身素质的发展

1.新课程与英语教师之间的关系：新课程对全体英语教师来说是一种挑战。

重视英语新课改中的误区：强调听说教学，忽视读写训练

a）教师对“新大纲”的理解不全面。部分教师认为只需要学生听懂英语，能说出来就体现了“为交际”的思想。诚然，语言首先是有声语言。口语是第一性的，书面语是口语的记录，是第二性的。但针对外语教学而言，只强调听说，忽视读写，学生的外语交际能力难以真正培养起来。

b）对一些新课程培训、“示范课”的误解。教师在使用新教材前，都参加了各级各类的培训班，观摩了一些“示范课”。参加培训能使教师在较短时间内了解新课程的主要内容，这对教师的教学无疑会起促进作用。但也有一些教师错误的理解了新课程的教学目标。使整个教学过程都强调听说训练和表演，未体现“读写”。认为这就是“新教材”教学的模式，结果，走入了教学误区。

c）教师对新教材编排体系把握不准。新教材最大特点是系列配套，以必修课程为核心，配有选修教材、教师教学用书等。教师每个单元的重、难点内容把握不准，对有关“读写”的要求不够明确，导致上完一节课或一单元后，学生不能系统的概括语言知识体系。

2.新课程的指导下教师应具备的素质：

a）、勤于学习和反思

教师必须不断丰富自己的内涵、增强自己的业务技能。同时进行相应的教学反思。新课程非常强调教师的教学反思。教学前的反思使教师全身心地投入，使教学成为一种自觉的探索；教学中，反思使教学少走弯路，取得事半功倍的效果。

b）、处理好教师的角色和师生关系。教师已由教学中的主角转向“平等中的首席”，由传统的知识传授者转向现代的学生发展的促进者。

c）、营造积极互动的课堂生活。通过情境创设，使学生产生强烈的探究兴趣和欲望。引导学生自主探索，合作交流，充分展示自己的思维方法及过程，增强合作意识，提高交际能力。

总之，新课程改革的大潮，对于教师来说即是新的挑战同时也是新的机遇。我们需要不断学习和反思，认真钻研新课程的目标和把握新教材，创新英语教学和英语课堂。借助北京奥运会即将到来掀起的英语热潮，开发英语教学，提升学生的英语学习兴趣和能力，开创新世纪的全新英语。

抚顺市第五中学

燕旭颖

12月25日

篇11：激发兴趣学好外语(外研版高考复习11)

随着社会的发展，科技的进步，中国的改革开放步伐日益加快，中国与国际间的交流日益的频繁，中国也不断的吸收国外先进的科技为我所用，所以英语变得也就越来越重要了，社会也就越来越需要英语人才，这种严峻的形式对教育提出了更高的要求，尤其是高中阶段是人生当中非常重要的一个时期，它决定学生能否继续到更高学府去学习，所以在高中阶段，学生的英语学习是为了今后的学习和工作做准备的。从这一点来说，就更加突出了高中英语的重要性了。

在高中阶段，学生所学习的英语知识的难度和深度远远超过初中阶段的英语知识，而且在高中阶段，要使学生学好英语，激发学生对学习英语兴趣是很重要的因为“兴趣是最好的老师”。如果学生对那一门学科感兴趣，就会积极主动地学习，如果是那样的话，就会是教师的教学效果事半功倍，这样的事当然任何教师都是梦寐以求的事情。

激发学生的兴趣应该是一个老生常谈的话题了，但是，在现在的教育教学活动中，激发学生的学习积极性真的是非常的重要。但是如何才能够真正的激发学生的学习积极性呢？我想对于大部分的学生和老师而言，在开学初期是比较容易的，因为在那时，学生怀有一种新鲜感和求知感，尤其是在高中阶段，学生们由于刚刚升如高中，对高中的学习生活充满了期待，同时对任何的教师也充满了期待。通常在第一次上课之前学生们通常都会讨论，我们的英语老师如何？他或是她是一个什么样的人呢？年轻还是年老？等等一系列的问题在他们的头脑中出现。所以对于教师而言第一印象是相当重要的，因为我们都是知道的，学生判断一位教师的好坏主要取决于对教师的第一印象。但是在今后的教育教学工作中如何激发学生的兴趣则是一个比较难解决的问题。为什么这样说呢？因为在开学初，学生们都怀有好奇的心态，这样就很容易调动他们的积极性，但是随着时间的推移和课业负担的加重，学生们就会在课上出现交头接耳甚至打瞌睡的现象，有可能还会出现不及时完成作业的现象。这些现象都显示出学生对英语课失去了兴趣，当然，学生的英语成绩也就会下滑。所以说激发学生对英语的学习兴趣不能仅仅但凭一两节课，这是远远不够的，应该长时间地，不间断地激发学生对学习英语的兴趣，这样才能受到好的效果。

如何做才能够长时间地激发学生对学习英语的兴趣呢？我认为教师应该从富有激情、肢体语言、物质奖励和博学多才这几方面入手。

1、富有激情

可能有的英语教师认为，上课为什么要富有激情呢？原因很简单，就是要用不断变化的声音和节奏，把学生的注意力集中到教师的身上。同时也是使学生缓解由于单调的学习而带来的疲倦感。而且也是非常有效的一种方式。尤其适用于在课上让学生读单词或是读课文。例如教师检查学生单词读得如何，当然有的学生单词读得不太好，不过的确有的学生单词读得是相当的不错，在这中情况下，教师应该如何去做呢？当然，可以说 “Good”或者 “Excellent”。不过在说的时候，最好把嗓音提高一点同时在把声音稍微地拉长一点，这样的效果就会比简简单单说这两个单词的效果要好的多。就想这个样子：E↗----xcellent.这样做还会使学生感受到教师的赞扬，对学生来说表扬要比批评的效果要好的多。另外如果是需要再进一步的话，还可以加上肢体语言。这样就涉及到了第二个方面了。

2、肢体语言

教师的肢体语言在课堂中应用的应该算是最多的了，比如：上课时学生起立，教师与学生相互问好，教师示意学生坐下，这就是肢体语言。还有在讲课的过程当中用手示意课上的重点内容，需要同学们重点记忆的知识点。这些都是肢体语言。但是教师要避免过多的使用一些没有必要的肢体语言，以免影响教学效果。不过一定的肢体语言还是有必要的。例如学生读单词读的好的时候，除了说：E↗----xcellent之外，教师再亢奋地蹦上一蹦，面部表情再增添几分喜悦之情，就能很好地缓和一下课上的紧张情绪和激发学生的学习积极性。再例如：学生对英语单词的重音总是掌握不好，该如何解决这个问题呢？当然还是利用富有激情和肢体语言。这样做：教师在领读单词的时候或者是纠正学生读音的时候，在单词需要有重音的地方，着重地读，与此同时，伸出一只手的食指指尖朝下，随着重读音节狠狠地下落，这样既纠正了学生们的单词的重读问题，又使学生意识到读单词非常的有意思，而且还激发了学生想继续读单词的兴趣。这启不是一举三得吗？教师有何乐而不为呢？

3、物质奖励

一般说来，物质奖励多用于幼儿园的小朋友或者是小学生的身上，没错，小朋友们是需要物质奖励对他们的行为给予肯定，但是，这同样适用于高中生。可是，现在教师的想法是高中生应该有学习的目的了，既然有了目的，也就是有了动力了，也就无须什么物质来鼓励他们了。其实不然，在高中阶段，学生们就更加需要这些物质奖励了。为什么呢？在高中所学习的知识要比初中的知识难度大，而且科目众多，即使在初中学习很优秀的学生，在高中的学习生活中，也会出现不及格的现象，这无疑对这些在初中阶段的优秀生来说是一个不小的打击。有些学生甚至丧失了学习的信心。在这种情况下，教师的物质奖励无疑对他们来说是雪中送炭。现在，全国的中小学教育教学改革正在如火如荼的进行，教育改革的主要目的就是要让学生的到全面的发展，并且能够积极主动的学习，但是，由于学生长期以来一直是被动的接受知识，想要一下子改变这一个现状还是有一定的困难的。那么这个物质奖励也就势在必行，因为物质奖励不仅仅是对学生的学习的一种肯定，而且还激发调动了他们的学习积极性，教师奖励一个或者是几个学习成绩优秀的学生，对其他的学生来说也起到一种激励和刺激的作用，而且更重要的是让学生对学习有信心。

4、博学多才

这一点是这四方面中最重要的。学生们到学校来是学习知识的，如果没有学到知识，其他方面教师做的再好也是没有用的。所以就要求教师博览群书，不断地扩大自己的知识面，不断的提高的自己的修养。这也正适应了新形式下的教育教学改革，因为外语教育教学研究出版社的这一套教材中的内容，大部分都是学生在日常生活中能够接触的到的。并且知识量大，内容新颖，所以这就更加要求教师对新知识的了解和掌握。就那高一英语必修2来说吧！第一课是OUR BODY AND HEALTH HABITS谈论的是有关饮食习惯和身体健康的问题。当然学生们在日常的生活中，到处都接触有关的东西，而且现在也越来越受到光大人们群众的注意，多吃一些绿色食品。并且学生们对于课本当中出现的一些英语Proverbs例如：An apple a day keeps a doctor away. Habit is a second nature等也是有一定的了解的。所以教师如果想激发学生的学习兴趣就必须额外地在给学生多多补充一点有关身体健康和饮食习惯的知识。例如：中国有一个长寿村，它的长寿比例是百万人口当中超过100岁的人占到了35%，是世界上5大长寿村之首，根据记者了解这个村子里的人之所以长寿，除了饮食有规律和少吃高脂肪、高热量的事物之外，主要是有良好的心态，也就是相声当中所说的“笑一笑，少一少”，而且根据新闻报道，印度的一个医生发明了大笑了法，并且成立了大笑俱乐部，而且这个俱乐部在全世界都有分支。以上所举的例子只是为了说明教师应该与时惧进，说完之后，如果有激情的教师，会大声地笑几声，这样，缓解了上课的紧张情绪，而且还使学生们得到了放松，更加有利于学习，而且通过教师的行为，就会更加喜欢上英语课，对英语课也就会越来越赶兴趣。

以上所举的这个博学多才的例子，是教师应该多了解世界的时事，例外一方面英语教师还要懂得一些关于英美文化当中的一些个词语的由来，还有普通话，方言等一些文化方面的知识，这些都有助于激发学生的学习兴趣。例如：在听力材料中出现了Valentine’s Day，也就是西方的情人节，那么中国的情人节是那一天呢？7月7日，牛郎织女鹊桥相会。学生们

也许知道牛郎织女鹊桥相会的故事，但是不一定知道Valentine’s Day的由来，那么教师就应该向学生简单地介绍一下，在古希腊，皇帝为了开疆破土，连年征战，造成了大量的死伤，而且大部分都是男人，而且都很年轻，没有成家立业，正好应了杜甫的一句诗“信知生男恶，反是生女好”。有一个牧师名叫Valentine，他认为应该使年轻的士兵有权与女子结合，就私底下为许多士兵举行了婚礼，后来被皇帝知道，就把他给杀了。他被杀的时候正好是2月14日，后来人们为了纪念他，把这一天定为了情人节。这些个知识都是需要教师通过学习来获得的，所以教师需要提高自身的水平。

综上所述，教师要综合的运用这四方面的技巧，一定要注意，博学多才是这四项的重中之重，另外，对于学习英语来说，只是学习课上的知识还是不够的，应该利用多种渠道对学生进行兴趣的激发，可以利用听英文歌曲，看英文原版电影等各种方法对学生进行兴趣的激发，与此同时，也让学生意识到英语在现在的国际交流中起到了越来越重要的作用了。使他们能够真正地意识到学习英语的重要性，并自己努力地、自主地去学习英语。以达到教育教学改革中要求的那样，让学生主动地、积极地学习。

参考书目：

《中国英语教学》外语教学与研究出版社第4期

秦金环王雁《教育心理学教程》天津人民出版社 3月

高一新教材

摘要：

激发学生学习英语的兴趣一直是教师教学的一种教学方法，但是，教师大部分都是在开学初的几节课对学生进行英语学习兴趣的激发，很难维持长久。本文就是针对如何能够长时间的激发学生的英语学习兴趣，通过富有激情、肢体语言、物质奖励和博学多才等几个方面讨论了激发学生学习兴趣的方法。

关键词：富有激情肢体语言物质奖励博学多才

篇12：完善技巧行之有道--完形填空教学总结(外研版英语高考复习)

完形填空既是题干语篇化的单项填空，又是选项单词化语法化的阅读理解，所以它是架在单项填空和阅读理解之间的一座桥梁，它既要求有正确的阅读理解能力，又要求有扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识积累，是一种全面考查考生全面语言运用能力的综合题型，它的重要性怎么说都不为过。目前，完形填空一直是学生头疼的题型。怎么办呢？

一、近年完形填空的命题趋势

1、突出语篇。

2、试题型稳定，选项独具匠心。

3、辨析词义，以实词为主。

4、记叙文为主，且第一句不设空

5、生词量有增无减。

6、长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。

实例说明：

词汇考查

Eg：“Okay, now watch carefully,” and then he pulled out a wild-mouth jar and set it on the __23__ in front of him……

The expert replied, “Really?” He __28__under the table and pulled out bucket of stone.

（）23. A. board B. chair C. floor D. table

（）28.A.reached B. extended C. fetched D. inched

语法句法考查

Eg：Of course he did not understand a thing,but he nodded his head as if he_______.

A.did B.had C.understood D.could

篇章结构：

Eg：He appeared calm,____inside his heart was beating wildly with fear.

A.andB.or C.but D.otherwise

习语搭配

Eg：Without _42_ into consideration our means and abilities for a particular business, we should not run thoughtlessly into it.

42. A.burstingB.taking C.changingD.breaking

逻辑条理

Eg：While I studied at school, I felt a great diffuculty in learning my Latin translations. I was always very _1_ in using a dictionary, and _2_ it most difficult, while to other boys it seemed no _3_.

1.A.quick B.slow C.hard D.good

2.A.made B.got C.found D.left

3.A.trouble B.difference C.labour D.worry

二、完型的特点及应试技巧

1. 完形填空的短文通常没有标题，且文章的首句和尾句一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。

2. 第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。

3. 做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见森林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。

4. 每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其它三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。

5. 动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。在不能确定答案的情况下，要凭语感和第一感觉。一经确定的答案不要轻易改动。

6. 结合生活常识和中西方文化及上下文选出最佳答案。

三、学生所面临的问题：

1.抓不住文章的主旨大意，在理解上出现或大或小的偏差。

2.易受定势思维的影响。有些学生一看到自己比较熟悉的语法结构、句子、短语，便不假思索地去选，而忽视了对特定语境的理解，最终导致错误的产生。

3.词汇量小，基础知识不扎实，理解与分析能力差。

4.普遍对完形填空存在厌倦恐惧的心理，做题时疲于应付，无法真正发挥其实际的解题能力。

四、如何做好完形填空题

正确的答题步骤

1、浏览全文,掌握文章的中心及脉络;

a. 应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读.

b. 注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句.

2、分段落实,逐个填空;

a. 先填上固定搭配与习惯表达,基本句型等较容易的空格.

b. 对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲,力争突破难点.

3、通读全文,检查核对.

适当的答题技巧

1、照应，瞻前顾后联系全文。

例1： I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad 2 a step and fell, sending my new suitcase 3 down the stairs.

1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired

2. A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked

3. A. rolling B. passing C. dropping D. turning

2、积累，掌握固定搭配的用法与同义词的辨析。

The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant 1 a quiet drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly 2 me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasn’t long 3 the whole room was filled with smoke.

1. A. have B. had C. having D. have had

2. A. seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed

3. A. ago B. after C. beforeD. now

3、分清逻辑关系，注意文中分类、对比、从属、并列等关系所用的词语.

It has been many years since I was last in London煟撸撸撸撸逫 still remember something that happened during that visit.

A. and B. for C. but D. as

4、化简句子，突破长句的理解。

But Ella Fant, who was filed with 1 , shouted at the top of her voice, 〝Look at 2 ﹗ They‘re all out of 3 except my John﹗ Isn’t he the best﹗〞

1. A. sadness B. happiness C. surprise D. regret

2. A. them B. those C. thatD. him

3. A. sight B. order C. mind D. step

5、充分利用你的常识。

1. A. have B. had C. having D. have had

2. A. seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed

3. A. ago B. after C. beforeD. now

五、实践演练

设计10小题完形填空试题

阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从1-10各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳答案。

It took George quite a while to find a 1 place for his car and in the end he had to leave it in a narrow street, 2 from the dentist’s. As he got out, he glanced at his watch . His appointment was at five and he still had twenty minutes to spare. He crossed into the square and 3 on a bench, partly to enjoy the last of the afternoon sun, 4 to calm his nerves . He hated these visits to the dentist.

As he sat there, watching the children at play and 5 to the old women talking to each other, he turned around to see a red car like his own come out of the 6 where he had parked. The car gathered speed and was soon out of sight. George 7 in his pockets for the keys: They were not there. “My car!” he cried in a loud voice, which made several people stare at him. He got up and ran across the 8 and then down the narrow street. His car was not to be seen-but then he discovered it concealed 9 a large one. He was relieved to find his 10 still in his car.

1. A. leaving B. parking（停车） C. wide D. special

2. A. in a wayB. far away C. some wayD. near

3. A. stoppedB. stepped C. stood D. sat down

4. A. but also B. so C. in order D. for

5. A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. listened

6. A. car B. placeC. street D. way

7. A. looked B. felt C. found D. searched

8. A. square B. hospital C. street D. bench

9. A. with B. behindC. after D. In

10. A. bags B. money C. keys D. card

命题思路：1.B. 考察上下文。为车子找“停车”的地方。从下文的where he had parked中亦能得到暗示。

2.C. 乔治是驾车到牙科诊所治病的，故不可能将车停在离诊所很远的地方，由于诊所附近没有合适的停车之处，因此，只能将车停在离诊所有一段距离的一条街上。

3.D. 根据行文逻辑可以推知。另外，下一节首句再现了sat一词。

4.A 对partly…进行补充说明。

5.B 通过分析句子意义和结构，可知listening是乔治发生的动作，故应和watching并列用作伴随状语。

6.C. 考察上下文。他是在那条“街”上停的车。

7.B. 在口袋中“摸”钥匙，不是“寻找”。

8.A. 由上文He crossed into the square…可知。

9.B. 他的车起初之所以未被看见，原来是隐藏在一辆大车后面了。

10.C. 从still in his car可推知答案

总之，做完型填空试题要灵活运用所学语言基础知识。不断总结经验，培养

语感，掌握技巧，并持之以恒的进行训练，才能有所提高。

篇13：中考常考语法题型总结教案教学设计(外研版英语中考复习)

一、冠词

1、定冠词the

（1)表示一家人

The Smith are very nice to their neighbors.

The Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.

(2)表示一类人, 谓语用复数

The poor sometimes are even happier than the rich.

(3)表示确定的人或事

A. 双方都知道的人或事

Would mind open the door?

Let’s go to the library

B. 后面有限定的，常常是定语从句。如：Is this the book you talked about yesterday?

(4)独一无二的事物 the sun，the Great Wall. The earth runs around the sun.

(5)序数词、最高级、西洋乐器前

序数词。试比较：

A. He got the first prize in the maths competition. (用the，前面无my， his等形容词性物主代词修饰）

B. I got my first birthday gift at the age of ten. (不用the，前面有形容词性物主代词修饰）

最高级同理，如：

A. I try my best to win the first prize.

B I’m the best.

西洋乐器前面

John loves playing the guitar.

Tom loves play football.

2、不定冠词 a/an

用于可数名词前，表示一个或一类人或事。

A. I ate an apple this morning

B.Tom bought a toy car for his son.

C. A plane is a machine that can fly. (常用来表示定义）

以元音开头的字母（非元音字母a, e,i,o,u, 如 an “s”，而不是a “s”)用an. 原理是两个元音连在一起发音有些不便，因此加个辅音”n“隔开。

总结：a/an 与 the 分别对应汉语中的“一+量词（个、本、张...）”、“这/那+量词”

翻译出“一....”的概念的，通常 a/an

没有翻译出“一...”的概念的，通常不用a/an，而用 the 或不用冠词。

如： I saw a cat on the floor. 我看见地板上有一只猫。

What a nice day! 多么美好的一天啊！

A： Did you see a boy around? 你看见附近有一个男孩吗？

B： You mean the one with a hat？你指的是带着一顶帽子的那个吗？

Tom usually goes to school by bus. Tom 通常做公交车去上学。

这里没说坐一辆公交车，故不能用a/an，同时也没特指，所以也不用the，属于零冠词。注：play the piano 属于固定搭配，可以单独记忆。

知识延伸：（1）a/an 与 the 的转化

如：He gets up at six in the morning. 他早上六点起床。

He returned home on a cold winter morning. 他在一个寒冷的冬天的早上回到家。

（2）零冠词与a/an的转化

He called his parents on Friday. 他星期五给他父母打了电话。

He called his parents on a sunny warm Friday. 他在一个晴朗温暖的星期五给他父母打了电话。

二、代词

1、不定代词

对应中文的“一些、很少、很多、几乎没有、没有、某个人、某件事、每个人、所有的...用来表示一个不确定的数量。

（1)few, little 均表示几乎没有，其中few修饰可数名词，little修饰不可数名词（否定语气）

A few 跟 a little 表示有几个、有一些，分别修饰可数、不可数名词，肯定语气。

如：Tom has few friends. 汤姆几乎没有什么朋友。

Few of us can speak French. 我们当中很少有人会说法语。

This is little milk in the fridge and we need to call the milkman. 冰箱里没什么牛奶了，我们需要打电话给送牛奶的人。

There is still a little milk in the fridge. 冰箱里还有一点牛奶。

There are only a few students in the classroom. 教室里只有几个学生。

知识延伸：

A. 含有few，little的反意疑问句中，后半部分用肯定形式。

如：Tom has few friends, does he?

There is little milk in the fridge, is there?

B. a little 也可用作副词，表示“有点，稍微”

如：I’m a little tired. 我有点累了。

She is a little hungry. 她有点饿了。

（2）some，any 表示一些，修饰可数或不可数名词。其中some常用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句中。

如：I have some old books. 我有一些旧书

I don’t have any old books? 我没有任何旧书。

Do you have any old books? 你有一些旧书吗？

I’m thirsty, and I want to have some water. 我很渴，我想喝点水。

知识延伸：

A. 由some, any 衍生出来的词 something, anything，somebody, anybody，someone，any用法基本同上。

如：I’m hungry and I want something to eat.

It’s dark here. I can’t see anything.

B. some/something 可用于疑问句中，表示征询对方意见的意思；any/anything 用于肯定句中，表示任何的意思。

如：Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝点什么吗？

Can you give me some advice? 你能给我一些建议吗？

Anything is possible. 一切皆有可能。

He is taller than any boys in his class. 他比他班上任何一个男生都要高。

C. 当句中something, anything 有形容词修饰时，形容词需后置，如 something new

例句：I hate eating potatoes everyday. I want to have something new today.

Do you have anything interesting to tell us.

知识衔接：类似的表达还有形容词+enough 如 strong enough（足够强，enough 后置）

例句： He is old enough to go to school.

She is not strong enough to move the box.

（3）all ，both；none，neither; either

All 表示三者或三者以上都...对应的否定形式为 neither

Both 表示两者都，对应的否定形式为neither。

如： All of us love listening to music. 我们所有人都喜欢听音乐。（三人或三人以上）

（否定）None of us loves listening to music. 我们所有人都不喜欢听音乐。

Both Tom and John are from America. 汤姆和约翰都来自美国。（两人）

（否定）Neither Tom nor John is from America. 汤姆和约翰都不是来自美国。

either 表示 “两者中任何一个”；“either...or...”表示“要么...要么...”

如：---Which do you prefer, tea or coffee. 茶跟咖啡你要喝哪一个？

---Either is OK. I don’t mind. 哪个都行，我不介意。

Either you or I am going to the meeting. 要么你去参加这个会议，要么我去。

知识延伸：

all 的否定形式有两种加“not”表示的是部分否定，none 表示的是全部否定。

如： All of us don’t like listening to music. 不是我们所有人都喜欢听音乐（有一部分人喜欢，一部分人不喜欢）

None of us like（s）listening to music. 我们所有人都不喜欢听音乐（完全否定）

含有neither...nor... either...or...句子，谓语动词的单复数要根据最靠近它的名词而定。

如：Either you or I am going to the meeting.

(4)other 表示“其他的”形容词性

如：Tom is not here. You can ask other students. 汤姆不在这里，你可以问其他的学生。

any other 表示任何其他的一个

He is taller than any other boys in his class. 他比他班上其他任何男生都高。

others 表示“其他的人”

如：We should help others. 我们应该帮助他人。

the other

一个，另一个（两个）

如：I have two brothers. One is 7 years old and the other is 5 years old.

表示“剩余其他的”

Where have the other students gone? 其他的学生去哪儿了？

the others+the other +前面提到的复数名词

如：He is clever than the others in his class.

another

三个或以上中的另一个

如：This skirt is too big. Can you show me another one?

固定用法 another+数词/few +复数名词表示另外的、额外的

如：I need another three hours to finish my homework.

2、人称代词

（1）主格 I, you, he, she, we, they, it (做主语）

如：I/She/He...want(s) to see a film.

（2）宾格 me, you, him, her, us, them, it(做宾语或表语）

及物动词后

We don’t like him because he is very strict.

I asked him a question.

介词后面

It’s good for us to do exercise everyday.

I haven’t heard from her since 1997.

Be 动词之后做表语

-----Who is there?

------It’s me, Jack.

3、物主代词

（1）形容词性：my your his her our their its, 放在名词前。

（2）名词性： mine yours his hers ours theirs its 代替前面提到的名词

如： This is my book. It ’s not yours .

This is not my pen. Mine is red. 这不是我的笔，我的笔是红色的。（mine=my pen)

4、反身代词

myself , yourself/yourselves himself, herself, ourselves, themselves itself

表示我自己、他自己、他们自己、我们自己，常见的固定短语有“

enjoy oneself(玩得开心） by oneself（独自） help oneself(to) 随便吃...

如：We really enjoyed ourselves last night. 昨晚我们玩得很开心。

He did his homework all by himself. 他的家庭作业都是自己独立完成的。

Help yourself to the dishes. 随便吃点鱼。

三、名词

重要考点

（1）名词复数不规则变化: 各国人的单复数

常考：Frenchman---Frenchmen， German----Germans，

Englishman---Englishmen, American---Americans

如：There are five foreign students in our class. Three are Frenchmen, and two are Germans.

（2）所有格名词+’s，如 Tom‘s book，表示所属关系。

如：Lily’s father is a doctor.

Tom’s house is near a lake.

知识延伸：

组合名词的复数形式

A. 一般加在最后一个名词上

如：There are 24 boy students and 25 girl students in our class.

I saw two policemen in the street this morning.

B. 特殊情况：前半部分是man/woman，将两部分变成复数。

如：Two women doctors were injured in the accident.

A group of men scientists are working on this project.

名词所有格中出现两个或以上名词时：

A. 表示各自关系时，各名词末尾均加“s”

B. 表示共有关系时，只在末尾名词加“s”

如：Tom’s and Lily’s fathers are teachers. (两人的父亲不是同一个人）

Tom and Lily’s father is a teacher. （两人的父亲是同一个人）

考点解析：此知识点主要考察主谓一致，解题时可以通过谓语动词的单复数判断前面名词的关系，一般情况下，若为复数，则为各自关系；若为单数，则为共有关系。同样地，也可以根据前面名词的关系，判断后面谓语的单复数。

四、数词

1、基数词

(1) 用“百”、“千”修饰名词的情况

A. hundreds of; thousands of 数百的；数千的

前面不能有数词修饰，如不能写成： four hundreds of students

B. 数词+hundred/thousand +名词复数：four hundred students

例句： Thousands of people lost their homes after the earthquake.

Hundreds of students took part in the sports meeting this year.

There are five hundred students in our school.

This temple was built hundreds of years ago.

知识延伸：

Hundreds of thousands of 表示成千上万的。

如：Hundreds of thousands of people gathered in the square to celebrate the new year.

成千上万的人聚集在广场上庆祝新年。

2、序数词

表示“第...”的概念：first 第一 second 第二 third 第三；其他均在末尾加“Th”

但有几个例外，如： fifth 第五； ninth 第九；eighth 第八； twelfth 第十二

例句：He lives in the second floor. 他住在第二楼。

Mary won the second place in the competition. 玛丽在比赛中获得了第二名。

知识衔接：序数词前无物主代词修饰时要用定冠词“the”

3、分数

形式：分子基数词+分母序数词，分子超过1，分母加“s“。

如：two thirds 2/3one fifth 1/5

例句：Two fifths of the students are boys.

Three thirds of this area is countryside. 这个地区的三分之二是乡村。

注：句子中的谓语动词单复数要根据分数后面的名词而定，可数则用复数，不可数则用单数。

知识延伸：

A. 1/4 属于特殊的分数，多写作 one quarter，如 3/4 为three quarters

B. 1/2 写作 half，一个半小时写作：one hour and a half 或 one and a half hours.

五、时态

中考涉及的常用时态有6种：一般现在时、一般过去时；现在进行时，过去进行时；现在完成时，一般将来时；其中重点考察过去进行、现在完成时态。

1、一般现在时

表示一般性、经常性动作，标志性副词有：everyday，usually， sometimes，everyday morning等。

He exercises everyday to keep fit. 他每天锻炼身体来保持健康。

Jimmy usually goes to school by bike. 吉米通常骑自行车去学校。

表示恒定不变的规律，如

The earth runes around the sun.

Light travels faster than sound.

2、一般过去时

表示过去已经完成的动作，标志性副词有：yesterday，last year， in 1997， three days ago 等明确表示过去时间的词。

I lost my bag yesterday.

Tim was born in 1997.

A car accident took place in the street three hours ago.

3、现在进行时

表示现在正在进行的动作，基本结构为：is/am/are +V-ING，标志性词语有：now, at the moment.

I’m doing my homework now.

He is watching TV at the moment.

表示即将发生的动作，多见于come， leave，run 等方向性动词，如

The bus is coming! 车来了

I’m leaving tomorrow! 我明天就要走了

4、过去进行时

A. 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间正在进行的动作

如：-----I called you last night, but there was no answer.

-----Sorry, I was playing football with my friends outside.

(当他打电话时，“我”正在外面跟朋友踢足球）

B. 主句是过去进行时，从句是when/while 引导的时间状语从句。

I was having dinner with my parents when the light went out.

电灯熄灭时，我正和爸妈在吃晚餐

I was watching TV when the bell rang.

门铃响时，我正在看电视。

特殊情况下，也可以是主句是一般过去时，从句是过去进行时

如：He fell asleep when he was reading his newspaper.

5、现在完成时

A. 过去发生的动作持续到现在，标志性词语：for，since, so far, in the past...years/months

I‘ave studied English for five years. 我学英语5年了（现在还在学）

We’ave known each other since we were nine or ten. 我们九到十岁时就已经相识。

We’ave learn over 3,000 English words so far. 到目前为止，我们学了3000多个单词。

Great changes have taken place in China in the past 30 years. 在过去的30年间，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。

B. 过去发生的事，但对现在仍有影响，标志性词：already，yet（already 对应的否定句，常置于句末）never，ever，before， just.

I’ave already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业

I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我的家庭作业还没做完

I have never been to America. 我从来没去过美国。

I‘ave just finished my homework. Now I can go out to play football with my friend.

我刚做完了家庭作业，现在我可以跟朋友出去踢足球了。

Julia has never seen an elephant before. 茱莉亚以前从来没有见过大象。

6、一般将来时

A. 表示很快要发生或打算去做的事： be going to +动词原形

It’s going to rain. Let’s hurry up. 天马上要下雨了，我们快点走吧

I’m going to visit my uncle this weekend. 这个周末我打算去看望我的叔叔。

I‘m going to buy a new bike. The old one was broken. 我的旧单车坏了，我打算买一辆新的。

B. 表示在将来某个时间会发生的动作或状态，标志性词: tomorrow, in the future, in three days, next year/month/week, some day, one day.

I’ll have an exam tomorrow. 明天我有场考试。

The famous singer, Jay Chou, will come to our city next week. 著名歌手周杰伦下周将会来我们的城市。

All my dreams will come true one day. 总有一天，我所有的梦想都会实现。

知识延伸：

在“if， as long as”引导的条件状语从句以及“when, while, before as soon as”等引导的时间状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句中用一般现在时代替。

I won’t come if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，我就不来了。

I will call you as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就会打电话给你。

As long as you don’t give up, your dream will come true. 只要你不放弃，你的梦想就会实现

I will send you a letter when I get there. 当我到达那里时，我会给你寄封信

I will have everything prepared before i leave. 在我离开之前，我会把一切都准备好。

误区整理：注意区分宾语从句中的”if“跟”when”

如：----I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.

----If it rains, I will stay at home.

-----Do you know when he will come tomorrow?

-----No,when he comes, I will let you know.

短暂性动作如come， go，marry，leave，die等在现在完成时中不能同“for，since”表示的一段时间短语连用，需要转化成相应的持续性动作。

如：（1)She has married for three years. ×

She has been married for three years. (将短暂性动作化成持续性状态）√

(2) Mr. Lee has come to China for thirty years. ×

Mr. Lee has been in China for thirty years. √

have been to 跟 have gone to 的区别。

“have been to”指去过某地，但现在已经回来了；“have gone to”指在去某地的路上，现在还没回来。试比较：

---Have you been to Australia?

---Yes, I went there last summer. （去年夏天去过澳大利亚，现在已经回来了）

---May I speak to Mr. D win？

---Sorry, Mr. D win has gone to China. He will be back next Monday. (现在还没回）

六、形容词、副词

解析：英语形容词对应汉语中的“...的”，如：漂亮的、高大的，友好的；副词对应汉语中的”...地“，如”慢慢地，悄悄地“。跟中文习惯相同，形容词一般位于名词前或者系动词之后做表语。副词一般位于动词之后（及物动词的，位于动词宾语之后）。

（1）比较级，两者之间的比较。 A比B... A is ...er than B

最高级三个或以上的比较

形式：形容词副词后+er/Ier(辅音字母+y结尾）；est/est

more+形容词/副词； the most+形容词、副词

不规则的，需单独记忆

例：tall---taller---tallest strong---stronger---strongest

fast---faster----fastest easy---easier---easiest

beautiful---more beautiful---the most beautiful

good---better---the best bad---worse---worst

例句; He is taller than me.

He is the tallest in his class.

This skirt looks more beautiful than that one.

Tom did a better job than Jerry.

Robertson runs faster than any other boys in his class.

Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.

知识延伸：

比较级前面可以加序数词、或”much, a little, even, far”等修饰，表示“第几..“”...得多，远远...“等意思。

The Yellow River is the second largest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。

His English is even worse than mine. 他的英语甚至比我的还要差。

Wyoming is much taller than Gunslinging. 姚明比郭敬明要高得多。

His French is a little better than mine.( than me ×) 他的法语比我好一点。

知识链接：序数词与定冠词的搭配使用；不定代词与名词性物主代词的使用。

表示A跟B一样...可用”...as ... as...“中间的形容词副词用原级。

He is as tall as me. 他跟我一样高

He speaks English as well as me. 他英语说得跟我一样好。

附：表否定，形式如下（第一个as改成so）

He is not so tall as me. 他不比我高

He speaks English not so well as me. 他英语不比我说得好。

（2）形容词的-ING跟-ed形式

-ING 表示”令人...“，一般形容事物；

-ed 表示“感到...”，一般形容人。

如：The film is boring. I’m bored.

I’m surprised by the surprising news.

You look tired. What happened?

Mr. Wang’s class is very interesting.

七、介词

常考知识点：地点、方位介词、时间介词、方式介词

(1) at, in, on

at 表示某个时间点或小的地方

He was at home last night. (at home 在家）

He usually gets up at six o’clock in the morning. (表时间点）

Tom awns’t at school today. He was ill.

in 表示大的地点或一段时间

Chairman Mao was born in 1897. (年份）

Gao takes place in June every year. (月份）

You can see many flowers in spring. (季节）

It’s usually hot in the afternoon in summer. (一段具体的时间）

More and more foreigners are studying in China. (国家）

There will be a big festival in Shanghai next month. (城市）

（2）方位的（可结合地图进行理解记忆）

between ，opposite， in front of， next to， near， behind..

The post office is between the bookstore and the supermarket. 邮局在书店跟超市中间。

The hotel is opposite the park. 酒店在公园的对面。

There is a car in front of the classroom 教室前面有一辆车

知识延伸： in front of 跟 in the front of 的区别，前者表示在某个范围以外的前面，后者表示在某个范围以内的前面。

如：The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. 黑板在教室前面。（黑板位于教室内部）

There is a tree in front of the classroom. 教室前面有棵树。（树长在教室的外面）

between 跟 among 的区别

between 表示两者之间如：between you and me

among 表示三者或以上之间 Among all the singers, I love Jay Chou best.

（3）表“方式”，意思为“用....”

by+交通工具

I go to school by bus.

Mrs. Green traveled to London by plane.

in+语言

What’s this in English.

Can you say it in Chinese?

with +具体的工具

He opened the door with a key.

In the western restaurant, people usually use a knife.

八、连词

1、并列连词：and，or，but，so；not only...but also; both...and; neither...nor; either...or

He study very hard and he is never late for class. (关系平等的两个句子）

Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? (or 用于疑问句中，表选择）

My family are not rich, but we are happy. (but,但是，表转折）

Judy was ill, so she could’t come to school today. (表因果）

Not only Jack but also Johnson is going to to party.

知识延伸：

祈使句，and/or....

Don’t give up, and your dream will come true one day. 不要放弃，总有一天你的梦想会实现。

=If you don’t give up, your dream will come true one day.

Study hard, or you will fail in the exam. 努力学习，否则你将会考试不及格。

=If you don’t study hard, you will fail in the exam.

2、从属连词

A. 表如果：if it does’t rains tomorrow, we will have a picnic.

If you study hard, you will get high scores.

知识链接：条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替简单将来时。

知识延伸：If 还可以表“是否”，意思跟whether 一样，如：

I don’t know whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。

I’m not sure if it is true. 我不知道它否正确。

注：这种情况下通常表示不确定的意义。当从句中含有“...or not”时，只能用whether，不能用”if“，如：

We don’t know whether he will come or not. (不能用 if）

We are not sure whether it is true or not.

B. 表原因 because，since，as

----Why are you late？

----Because I missed the bus.

Since everybody is here, let’s begin. (=now that 既然）

As it was late, I had to go. 由于太晚了，我必须得走了。

C. 表让步 though, although 尽管

Although it’s snowy, he goes to school as usual. 尽管下着雪，他还是像往常一样去上学。

Although he is poor, he is very happy. 尽管他很穷，但他很幸福。

D. so...that... Such...that... 如此...以至于...

The box is so heavy that no one can move it. 这箱子太重了，以至于没人能够移动它。

She eats so much that she becomes very fat.

She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her.

知识延伸：so...that...与“too...to..”或“enough...to..”的句型转化

He is so old that he even can’t walk.

=He is too old to walk.

He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.

=He is strong enough to carry the heavy box.

九、情态动词

（1）can ，could（can的过去式）

A. 表能力，会，可以

I can swim. / I can play the guitar.

Mary could play the piano when she was ten.

B. 表推测，只能是否能形式。

---I saw Tom just now.

---It can’t be him. He is on holiday with his parents.

（2）may，might 可能

A. 表请求准许

May I come in? 我可以进来吗？

May I watch TV? 我可以看电视吗？

否定回答时，用“munts’t”, 表示禁止，不允许，如：

----May I smoke here?

----No, you munts’t.

B. 表推测

He may/might come tomorrow. 他明天可能回来.

He may/might know about this. 他可能知道这件事。

注：might 表示的可能性比”may“小。

(3) need 需要

作为情态动词时，用于疑问句和否定句中，如：

----Need I finish my homework by Friday? 我需要在周五之前完成作业吗？

----Yes, you must./ No, you Needles’t

You Needles’t come so early. The meeting begins at 9:00. 你没必要来这么早，会议9点才开始。

注：回答时，肯定回答用”must“，表示”必须“；否定回答用”Needles’t”表示“没必要”。

（4）must 必须，一定

A. 表必须。

I must go now. 我必须现在离开。

Everyone must arrive on time. 每个人都必须按时赶到

回答时，肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用“Needles’t”，如：

----Must I stay in bed all day?

----Yes, you must./ No, you Needles’t.

B. 表推测：一定，肯定

The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面很潮湿，昨晚肯定下过雨。

The light is on. He must be at home now. 灯还亮着，他一定在家。

注：表示不可能时，用“can‘t”，而不用”munts’t”。

十、被动语态

表示“被”的含义，如：

The police caught him. 警察抓到了他。（主动）

He was caught by the police. 他们警察抓住了。（被动）

知识延伸：

（1）在一些动词如“make, see,hear”的被动语态中，主动句中省略的”to“，被动句中需要还原，如：

His boss made him work ten hours a day. 他的老板让他每天工作10小时。（to 省略了）

He was made to work ten hours a day by his boss. (to 需要补充出来）

I saw him read a book in the classroom.

He was seen to read a book in the classroom..

(2) 不确定动作的发出者是谁时，一般用被动语态。

The bridge was built hundreds of years ago. (不知道是谁建造的）

My bike was stolen last night. (不知道是谁偷的）

（3）固定句型”It is...that...“

It is said that he dropped out of school at the age of ten. 据说他十岁的时候辍学了。

=He is said to have dropped out of school at the age of ten. (to后面用完成时）

It is reported that five passengers were killed in the accident. 据报道，5名乘客在这次事故中丧生。

=Five passengers were reported to have been killed in the accident.

(4) 不及物动词没有被动语态，切记！！

An accident was happened last night. ×(append 为不及物动词）

Great changes have been taken place in the city. ×(take place 为不及物动词）

十一、主谓一致

1、就近原则：either...or; neither...nor; not only...but also; there be 句型

谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的一个主语决定。

如：Either I or him is in class 1.

Not only you but also I am shocked by the news.

There is a banana and two apples on the table.

知识链接：不定代词的意义及用法。

2、语法一致的原则

基本原则：单数主语，谓语用单数；复数主语，谓语用复数。

（1）and 或 both...and，谓语动词用复数，如：

Tom and Jim are good friends.

Both Tom and Jim are good at sports.

(2)句中有”with, along with, together with, as well as, except”等词时，谓语动词单复数由前面的主语决定。

如：The teacher with his students is going to the museum.

Mr. Green, along with his three children, are going to America next week.

All the class, except Tom, were at the meeting yesterday.

注：这些词只是对主语起到一个补充说明、插入的作用，并不能对谓语动词的单复数造成影响。

3、意义一致的原则

主要是看是否将主语当成一个整体来看，如

Twenty miles is a long way to go. (20英里整体来看是一段很长的路程，故用单数）

My family is a big one. 我的家庭很大（整体来说的）

My family are having dinner. 强调每个家庭成员的动作，故用复数。

十二、感官动词

五官：look，feel，taste，smell，sound，后面直接+adj, 表示”看起来，感觉起来，尝起来，闻起来，听起来...“的意思，如：

Wow！Look at the picture. It looks so beautiful! 看起来很漂亮

I love the soup. It tastes so good. 尝起来很好。

The flowers you sent me smells sweet. 闻起来很香

I bought a new dress this afternoon. It feels comfortable. 感觉起来很舒服。

----How about going fishing this afternoon？

----Sounds great!(=Good idea!) 听起来很棒

知识延伸：

感官动词+like+名词，意思为...起来像...,如：

That sounds like a good idea! 那听起来像个好主意。

The mountain looks like an elephant. 这座山看起来像一头大象。

This T-shirt feels like silk. 这件T恤摸起来像丝绸。

附注：feel like 还有一层意思，表示“想要...”

如： I don’t feel like eating anything 我不想吃任何东西。

I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

The food in the restaurant is disgusting. It smells like dead fish.

十三、固定短语

中考常考的固定短语有以下一些：

1、give的短语

（1） Give up 放弃（及物或不及物）

Don’t give up. You can do it. 不要放弃，你能行的。（不及物）

He finally decided to give up smoking. 他最终决定戒烟了。

放弃某个人，用 give up on sb.

Come on! We will never give up on you. 加油，我们永远不会放弃你！

当宾语是it是，it 位于短语中间，如：

He has been smoking for 20 years. It’s very hard for him to give it up.

(2) give off 散发出（气味、热量等）

The flowers give off a sweet smell.

Rotten eggs give off a bad smell. 腐烂的鸡蛋散发出一股难闻的气味。

（3）give out 公布、分发

He would’t give out any information. 他不愿透露任何信息。

（4）give away 赠送，泄露

Brad gives all his old toys away to the poor children. 布莱德把他所有的旧玩具送给了贫穷的孩子。

Don’t give away the secret. 不要泄露这项机密。

2、put 的短语

(1)put up 张贴，举起

Tom, please put up the pictures on the wall. 汤姆，请把照片贴到墙上。

Put up your hand,please.

(2) Put off 延迟，推迟,脱掉（衣、帽等）

The meeting was put off because of the heavy rain.

Please put off your shoes before you enter this room

(3)put out 扑灭，熄灭（火、烟头等）

The fire was put out before the police arrived. 在警察到来之前，火就已经被扑灭了。

He put out the cigarette and went out the room. 他灭掉烟头，走出了房间。

（4）put away

Put away your shoes. They‘re too dirty. 把你的鞋子收起来，它太脏了。

All the books must be put away during the exam. 考试中所有书籍都要收起来。

3、turn 的短语

(1)Turn up （声音）调高；出现

Could you please turn up the radio. I can’t hear it.

延伸：He promised to come to my birthday party, but he did’t turn up. 他答应要来我的生日晚会，结果却没出现。

（2）turn down （音量）调小；拒绝

Can you turn down the radio. It’s too noisy. 你能把收音机调小吗？它太吵了。

延伸：He gave me an offer, but I turn it down. 我拒绝了他提供的帮助。

（3）turn on 打开

Turn on the TV, please. I want to see the football match.

Turn on the lights,please. It’s too dark here.

（4）turn off 关闭

Tom turned off the TV and went to bed.

We should turn off the lights when we leave the room.

4、Look 的短语

（1）look up 查找，向上看

If you see a new word, you can look it up in the dictionary.

He looked up at the window and saw nothing.

(2)look after 照顾

She is too busy to look after her son.

Mary asked me to look after her pet dog when she was away.

(3) look into 调查

The police are looking into the case. 警方正在调查这起案件。

I’ll look into the matter later. 我稍后再研究这个问题。

（4）look forward to(doing/n）期待，盼望

I’m looking forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望很快能见到你。

I‘m looking forward to your letter. 我期待你的来信。

十四、情景对话

1、接听电话

----May I speak to Mary please?

----Speaking/ This is Mary speaking

----Hold on please. I’ll go and get her. 请稍等一下，我去叫一下她。

----Sorry, she is not here at the moment. Can I take message? 不好意思，她现在不在这里，我可以帮你留言吗？

2、听到好或不好的消息

听到好的消息时，表示祝贺，如：

----I won the first prize in the writing competition!

----Congratulations！（恭喜！）

听到不好的消息时，表示抱歉或遗憾。

----My mother was ill at bed. I have to look after her.

----(I’m) sorry to hear that.

3、当受到他人帮助、或赞美时，表示感谢，如：

----You look so beautiful today!

----Thanks/Thank you.

4、当别人心情沮丧、遇到困难、挫折时，鼓励、帮助他人，如：

----I’m afraid that I can’t pass the exam this time.

----Cheer up! I’m sure you’ll make it.(振作起来，我相信你一定行的）

----I failed the exam yesterday. What should I do?

----Cheer up！You‘ll do better next time.

5、当别人提出道歉时

----I’m sorry that I lost your pen.

----That’s alright/It’s OK/It does’t matter. Forget it.

----I’m sorry to give you so much trouble.

----It does’t matter/ Never mind.

6.当别人提出建议、想法时

---Why not go out for dinner.

---(That’s a) good idea!

---Sounds great!

---How about going shopping this weekend.

---Sounds good,(but I have to study for the final exams)

---Would you mind opening the door?

---Of course not!/Certainly not! （当然不介意）

---Would you mind my smoking here?

---Yes, you’d better smoke outside./I’m afraid so. (表示介意，不同意对方的做法）

十五、反意疑问句

基本特点：前肯后否，前否后肯，抓准助动词。

1、入门级别：

You like football, don’t you? 你喜欢足球，不是吗?（前肯后否，助动词为do）

Tom is 5 years old, hisn’t he? 汤姆5岁了，不是吗？（前肯后否，助动词为is）

He can’t swim, can he? 他不会游泳，是吗？（前否后肯，助动词为can）

Jimmy haen’t been to Beijing, has he? 吉米没去过北京，是吗？（前否后肯，助动词为has）

The story is interesting， hisn’t it? (主语为一个具体的名词时，反问部分主语用“it/them”代替。

2、渐进级别：

反意疑问句前半部分有“hardly，never，seldom，nothing，little，few，nobody”等否定词时，后半部分用肯定形式，如：

He speaks little English, does he?

Nina has few friends, has she? (知识链接：不定代词little，few用法）

He never eats onions, does he?

You seldom exercise, do you?

3、高级级别

当主语是this,that,these,those时，反意部分主语分别改为it, they; 当主语是 everybody，everyone，no one，nobody等指人的合成词时，反意部分主语通常用he. 当主语是everything，something， anything，nothing等指物的合成词时，反意部分主语用it.

This is his first time here, hisn’t it?

These are Sarah’s books, Daren’t they?

No one likes Germy, does he?

Nothing is more important than life, is it?

知识延伸：

（1）There be 句型的反意疑问句。

There are two books on the desk, Daren’t there?

There is a pen and two bananas on the table, hisn’t there?

(2）祈使句的反意疑问句：统一用will you？/won’t you.

Open the window, won’t you?

Don’t talk aloud in the reading room, will you?

(3)Let’s 句型跟Let us句型的反意疑问句

Let’s have a rest, shall we?

Let us have a rest,will you?

详解：Let’s缩写时是针对大家的意见，用“shall we？”，Let us 针对的是被询问的人，用“will you？”

十六、定语从句(状语从句详见连词中的从属连词部分）

定语从句：相当于形容词的功能，根据先行词（被修饰的名词或代词）的不同，关系代词有如下变化：

1、who/whom: 先行词是人，who在从句中充当主语，whom充当宾语

He is the boy who got the first prize in the competition.

I saw an old man in the street who had no hair.

Is she the girl to whom you were talking?

The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.

2、whose,that：先行词是人或物，whose表示...的，如：

I know this girl whose mother is a nurse.

I bought a book whose cover was red.

He went into a shop that supplied food.

Ryan showed me a photo (that) he took in Casa.

3、which，先行词是物

Last night, I watched a film which was made by Spielberg.

I found my computer which was stolen last night.

The book (which)I gave you was worth 10$.

知识延伸：

（1）当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，常用that，如：

This is the most beautiful lake (that )I’ave ever seen.

Thomas Edison was the first person that invented the lamp.

He is always the first one that arrives at school.

(2) 当先行词既有人又有物时，用that.

This is the photo of the boy and the house that I will never forget.

Mr. Thomas and his dog that I talked about last night were two characters from the book.

十七、宾语从句

从句在句子中充当宾语，主要有两大类：

（1）that 引导的宾语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分。

He said that he wanted to have a car.

I’m sorry that I hurt you.

I’m sure that he will come.

(2)由 when，where,how, w

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