下面是小编为大家收集的29篇初中英语作文词汇，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读，一起分享。
毕竟单词是要一天一天积累起来的，我们都要好好地备考中考英语，加油!
1.achievement n.完成,成就,成绩
2.act v.行动，表演
3.affect vt.影响,感动
4.agreement n.协定,协议,同意
5.aim n. 目标，目的
6.allow vt.允许,准许
7.amazing a.令人惊异的
8.ambulance n.救护车,野战医院
9.amount n.总数,数量,总和
10.application n.请求,申请,施用
11.aquarium n.水族馆
12.Arctic a.北极的 n.北极圈
13.article n.文章,条款,物品
14.ashamed adj. 羞愧的
15.assume vt.假定,承担,呈现
16.astronaut n.宇航员
17.at least 至少，最低限度
18.athletic a.运动的;竞技的
19.average n.平均数 a.平均的
20.battery n.电池麦穗分割线
21.battle n.战役,斗争 vi.作战
22.blame vt.责备,把…归咎于
23.blind a.瞎的,盲目的
24.bloodshed n. 流血的事件
25.bomb v. 轰炸 n. 炸弹
26.bother v. 打扰
27.breathe v. 呼吸
28.bully n./v. 欺负
29.cage n.笼,鸟笼,囚笼
30.calculation n.计算
31.camera n.照相机,摄影机
32.cancel v. 取消
33.cancer n. 癌,癌症
34.captive/caged adj.俘虏的，捕获的
35.captivity n. 囚禁,被关
36.cause n. 原因,理由
37.celebration n. 庆祝，祝贺
38.chain n. 链,链条,项圈
39.challenge n./v. 挑战
40.cheer v. 欢呼麦穗分割线
41.chest n.胸腔,胸膛,箱子
42.claim v. 认领
43.close adj. 紧密的;亲密的
44.comfortable a. 舒适的,安慰的
45.command vt. 命令,指挥,控制
46.common a. 普通的,共同的
47.community n. 社区
48.compare vt. 比较,对照
49.complain v. 抱怨，投诉
50.complaint n.抱怨,控告
51.complete v. 完成 adj. 完整的
52.connect vt. 连接,联系
53.continue vt.继续
54.control vt.控制,克制 n.控制
55.counter n.柜台,计数器
56.countless a.无数的
57.courage n.勇气,胆量
58.course n. 课程
59.crash vi.碰撞,坠落 n.碰撞
60.creature n.生物,创造物麦穗分割线
61.crossing n. 十字路口
62.cube-shaped adj. 立方体形状的
63.culture n. 文化
64.dairy n.牛奶场,乳制品
65.dangerous a.危险的
66.dare vt./aux. 敢,竟敢
67.deaf a.聋的
68.degree n.程度,度,学位
69.diet n.饮食,食物
70.direction n.方向,指导
71.directly ad.直接地,立即地
72.disappoint v.使……失望
73.disastrous a.灾难性的,悲惨的
74.discover vt.发现,暴露,显示
75.discuss vt.讨论
76.disorder n.混乱,骚乱
77.distance n.距离,远处
78.distract v. 分散注意力
79.documentary a.有文件的;有证件的
80.double a.两倍的,双的麦穗分割线
81.earth-orbiting adj. 围绕地球轨道的
82.effect n.效果,效力
83.elbow n.肘,肘部
84.emotionally adv. 在情绪上
85.encourage vt.鼓励,支持,助长
86.energy n.活力,精力,能量
87.enhance vt.提高,增加,夸张
88.exactly adv.确切地
89.exit n.出口,退场 vi.退出
90.expect vt.预料,预期,等待
91.experience v. 经历 n.经历;经验
92.experienced adj. 经验丰富的
93.experiment n.实验,试验 v.做实验
94.expert n. 专家
95.explanation n.解释,说明,辩解
96.exploration n.探索
97.explorer n.探测者
98.expression n.词句,表达,表情
99.extremely ad.极其，非常
100.fake n.假货,膺品 a.假的
一、近义词汇：
1.完全：absolute, unconditional, unlimited, complete, unrestricted, unmixed, perfect, entire
2.好：extraordinary, amazing, miraculous, marvelous, stupendous, excellent, good, well, wonderful, fine, nice, of high quality, pleasing, surprising, agreeable
3.小：small, diminutive, puny, little, pocket-sized, petit, minute, tiny
4.多：big , enormous, large, gigantic, vast, tremendous, gargantuan, huge, immense, a lot of, lots of, many, much, plenty of, a great deal of, a number of, an amount of, a great many, a good many, many a, scores of, dozens of, a great quantity of
5.高兴，快乐：delighted, delightful, pleased, pleasing, charmed, pleasant, cheerful, cheering, merry, happy, gratified, glad, gay, agreeable, friendly, content, satisfied, light-hearted, joyful
6.真的：True, truthful, veracious, faithful, accurate, loyal, staunch, genuine, honest, real, trustworthy, constant.
7.全，都：all, whole, entire, complete, perfect, total, the whole number of , unbroken , gross
二、常见的连接词
连接词根据其本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义可分为几类：
a.表示开场to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speaking
b.表示总结to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finally
c.表示举例a case in point , a good illustration / example of … is …,
d.表示原因because , since , for , the cause of , the reason for , now that
e.表示结果as a result , as a consequence , consequently
f.表示比较both , like , likewise , similarly , in common , in the same way
g.表示对照on the contrary , on the other hand , despite , in spite of , however
h.表示列举first , firstly , in the first place , first of all , to begin with
i.表示强调especially , particularly , certainly , surely , chiefly , actually
j.表示让步even though , although , in spite of , however , but ,yet
三、写作的启、承、转、合常用词语小结
1.有关“启”的常用词语(用来引导主题句或跟在主题句的后面，引导第一个扩展句)
at first 首先
at present 现在；当今
currently 现在；最近
first 首先；第一
first of all 首先
firstly 首先
2.有关“承”的常用词语(用来承接主题句或第一个扩展句)
to start with 首先；第一
after 此后
after a few days 几天之后
after a while 过了一会儿
also 并且
at any rate 无论如何
at the same time 同时(用在“转”时，作“可是”解)
besides(this) 此外
3.有关“转”的常用词语(用来表示不同或相反的语气)
after all 毕竟
all the same 虽然；但是
anyway 无论如何
at the same time 可是(表轻微转折)
but 但是
conversely 相反地
despite 尽管，虽然
4.有关“合”的常用词语(用来引导结尾句或最后一个扩展句，表示段落的结束)
above all 最重要
accordingly 于是
as a consequence 因此
as a result 结果
as has been noted 如前所述及
一、近义词汇：
1.完全：absolute, unconditional, unlimited, complete, unrestricted, unmixed, perfect, entire
2.好：extraordinary, amazing, miraculous, marvelous, stupendous, excellent, good, well, wonderful, fine, nice, of high quality, pleasing, surprising, agreeable
3.小：small, diminutive, puny, little, pocket-sized, petit, minute, tiny
4.多：big , enormous, large, gigantic, vast, tremendous, gargantuan, huge, immense, a lot of, lots of, many, much, plenty of, a great deal of, a number of, an amount of, a great many, a good many, many a, scores of, dozens of, a great quantity of
5.高兴，快乐：delighted, delightful, pleased, pleasing, charmed, pleasant, cheerful, cheering, merry, happy, gratified, glad, gay, agreeable, friendly, content, satisfied, light-hearted, joyful
6.真的：True, truthful, veracious, faithful, accurate, loyal, staunch, genuine, honest, real, trustworthy, constant.
7.全，都：all, whole, entire, complete, perfect, total, the whole number of , unbroken , gross
常见的连接词
连接词根据其本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义可分为几类：
a.表示开场to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speaking
b.表示总结to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finally
[初中英语期末考试写作常用词汇汇总]
初中英语一词多义重点词汇全汇总
A
1.accident:
① 事故(n.) I saw an accident when I walked in the street.
② 意外、偶然的事(n.) (accidentally)
2.appear:
① 出现 (vi) A ship appeared on the horizon. (disappear消失)
② 好象, 似乎(vi) She appears to have many friends.
3.apply:
① 申请(for)(vi) Mr.Wang decided to apply for the job.
② 运用、应用 (to)(vt.) Our teacher applies this teaching method to his class.
4.arm 手臂 (n.) 武装 (v)
Lay down your arms or we'll fire!放下武器，否则，我们就开枪了!
Police say the man is armed with guns and very dangerous. 警察说该男子携有枪，十分危险。
5.area:
① 地区(n.) Do you like the area where you are living?
② 面积(n.) The city covers an area of 30,000 square kilometer.
6.ask (熟义：问)vt.要求
The teacher asked that all the students stay at the classroom. 老师要求所有学生呆在教室
7.attend (熟义：出席) vt.参加;vi.看护，治疗
Mr.Park attended a summer course.帕克先生参加一个暑期课程。
If you go out，who'll attend to the baby?如果你走了，谁来照看婴儿?
B
1.break:
① 打破、打碎(vt.) The boy broke the windows of the house.
② 休息 (n.) We have been working all the morning,let`s have a break.
2.bill:
① 帐单(n.) Have you paid the bill?
② 钞票(n.) a ten-dollar bill
3. book (熟义：书) v. 预定，预购
I would like to book three seats for tonight’s concert. 我想预定今晚音乐会的三个座位。
4.beat (熟义：击打) v. ① (心脏) 跳动
He is alive---his heart is still beating. 他还活着---心脏还在跳动。
② 打败 He beat me at chess. 他下棋赢了我。
C
1.can (熟义：能) n.罐头vt.做成罐头
2.capital (熟义：首都) n. 大写字母;资本
Write your name in block capitals, please. 姓名请用大写。
3.change (熟义：变化) n. 零钱，找头
Have you got change for a five-pound note? 你有没有5英镑的零钱?
4.charge:
① 负责(n.) The young man is in charge of the company.
② 充电(vt.) My cellphone is fully charged.
③ 收取(费用)(vt.) How much do you charge me for mending shoes?
④ 指控(vt.) He was charged with murder.
5.cost (熟义：花费;值……)vt.使失去(生命、健康等)
Careless driving cost his life. 粗心的驾驶使他付出生命的代价。
6.course (熟义：过程) n. 课程;航线;一道菜
I’d like to take a refresher course to improve my driving. 我想参加补习训练以提高自己的驾驶技术。
The plane was off the course.飞机偏离航向。
They were treated with a five-course dinner for lunch. 招待他们五道菜的正餐。
7.court:
① 法庭、宫廷(n.)
② 庭院，球场(n.)
8.concerned: (adj.)
①担心的、忧虑的 be concerned about :We are all concerned about her safety.
② 与……有关 be concerned with: Her lastest film is concerned with wild life
9.comfort:
① (使)舒适(服)(vt.) Cool water can comfort you in summer.
② 安慰(vt.) The mother was comforting the crying boy.
③ 安慰(n.) It is a comfort to know that she is safe.
10.company
① 公司(n.) He worked in the company last year.
② 友伴、陪伴(n.) keep sb company I will stay here and keep you company.
11.cause:
① 造成、引起、产生(vt.) Smoking can cause lung cancer.
② 原因(n.) What`s the cause of the big fire?
12.close:
① 关 (vt.) Close the door when you leave the room.
② 靠近的(adj.)The church is close to our school.
③ 亲密的、亲近的(adj.)a close friend
④ 位置接近地(adv.) The girl felt very cold,so she stood close to her mother.
13.cover:
① 覆盖、掩护(vt.) She covered the table with a cloth.
② 盖子、封面(n.) Please pass me the book with a red cover.
14.check:
① 核查(vt.) Let me check your answer.
② 支票(n.)I will ask the boss for the check.
15.count [熟义：数(数目)] vi.重要;vt.认为
Every minute counts.每分每秒都重要。
D
1.date (熟义：日期;枣子) v. 追溯 ;约会
The ancient temple has a long history and can date back to the year 1890AD.
They have been dating for a long time. 他们一直频频约会
2.dear(熟义：亲爱的) 昂贵的
Clothes are getting dearer.衣服越来越贵了
3.desert (熟义：沙漠) vt.离开，抛弃
We sheltered from the storm in a deserted garage. 我们在一间空无人住的茅屋里躲暴风雨。
4.develop:
① 发展(vt.)
② 冲洗(vt.)(相片)
③养成(vt.)(习惯)
5.deliver(vt.):
① 递送(vt.) The postman delivered the letter to my door.
② 发言、陈述、发表(vt.) She delivered a talk on history to the students.
6.drive:
① 驾驶(vt.) I drove a car to visit my parents.
② 驱使、驱赶(vt.) The boy was driven out of the club.
E
1.earth (熟义：地球) n. 泥土
He covered the roots of the plant with earth. 他用泥土把植物的根埋起来。
2.easy (熟义：容易的)adj.舒适的，安分的，轻松的
Now we are leading an easy life.现在我们过着舒适的生活。
3.energy (熟义：能量，能源) n. 精力，活力
His work seemed to lack energy. 他工作似乎缺乏干劲。
4.enjoy (熟义：喜欢) v. 享有
Men and women should enjoy equal rights. 男女应当享有平等权利。
5.expect (熟义：期望，盼望)v.预计，估计
The weather turns out far better than we expected.天气比我们预料的要好。
F
1.fall (熟义：v. 掉落) n. 秋天;瀑布
His father passed away in the fall of 1970. 他父亲在1970年的秋季过世。
The falls upstream are full of salmons. 该瀑布上游有许多大马哈鱼。
2.fan (熟义：n. 扇子) n. 迷 .狂热者
The Chinese football fans are in great excitement. 中国足球粉丝很激动。
3.fine (熟义：adj.好的，晴朗的)v.&n.罚款
He was fined $200.他被罚了200美元。
4.fair:
① 公平的 (adj.) It is fair to do the bargain.
② 展览会、集市(n.) a world fair 世界博览会
5.firm (熟义：n. 公司) adj. 坚定的，牢固的
You must be firm where you think you are right. 你认为对的地方立场一定要坚定。
6.fire (熟义：n. 火) v. 开除
He was fired for stealing from the counter. 他因从柜台偷钱而遭解雇。
7.flat (熟义：n. 公寓，套房) adj.平躺的，平伸的， 扁平的
The earthquake laid the city flat. 地震把这座城市夷为平地。
8.free (熟义：adj. 自由的，有空的) adj & v. 没有，免交;远离
Most of the roads are free of snow.道路上的雪大部分都已化了。
9.find:
① 找到、发现 I can find my key everywhere.
② 感觉、觉得 I find it easy to learn English.
10.fix:
① 固定、安装(vt.) Fix a shelf to the wall.
② 修理(vt.) My watch has stopped—it needs fixing.
③ 确定(vt.) The time for our meeting has been fixed already.
④ 凝视(vt.) Her eyes were fixed on the nice dress.
11.fit:
① 合适的(adj.) The food is not fit for babies.
② 健康的(adj.) Do some sports to keep fit.
③ 合适，合身(vt.) The shoes fit me well.
12.figure:
① 外型(n.)
② 图形(n.)
③数字(n.)
④figure out 弄明白;计算出. I can`t figure out why he quit his job.
13.form:
① 表格(n.) Please fill in the form.
② 形式(n.) water in the form of ice
③ 形成(vt.) He forms a good habit.
G
1.gift:
① 礼物(n.) I will buy a gift for my mother on Mothers` Day.
② 天赋(n.) The girl has a gift for music.
2.grade (熟义：n. 年级) n & v. 成绩，评分等级; 给…评分
She got excellent grades in her exams. 她考试成绩优异。
The term papers have been graded. 期末试卷已评完分数了。
3.grow (熟义：v. 生长，成长，种植) v. (体积或数量)增加;变大
You must invest if you want your business to grow. 要想使生意扩大，必须投资。
H
1.head (熟义：头) v.动身去
The ship was heading for Shanghai.这艘船开往上海。
2.home ( 熟义：家) adj.本国的
The cars are made for the home market.这些小车生产出来在国内销售。
3.hold:
① 抓住(vt.) The girl was holding her father`s hand. Hold on please.
② 举行(vt.) A meeting was held last week.
③ 容纳(vt.)I don`t think the car will hold you all.
④ 占据(vt.)She holds the post of manager.
I
1.iron (熟义：铁) n.&v.熨斗;用熨斗烫
Mother is ironing my shirt with an electric iron.妈妈用电熨斗在给我熨衬衣。
2.interest:
①使感兴趣(vt.) What he said doesn`t interest me at all.
②兴趣 (n.) The little girl shows an interest in singing.
③利益 利息(n.)
J
1.jam (熟义：果酱n)vt./n.(使)塞满;(使)堵塞，困境
The accident jammed the main road for three hours.这次事故使交通堵塞达三小时之久。
There are many traffic jams in Chongqing.重庆经常塞车。
2.just (熟义：adv. 正好;恰好) adj. 公道的;公正的
That is a just decision. 那是公正的判决。
K
1.key:
① 钥匙(n.) I can`t find the key to the door.
② 答案(n.) a test with key 附答案的测试题
③ (打字机、钢琴等的) 键(n.)
④ 关键、要害(n.) Diet and exercise are the key to good health.
2.kill (熟义：杀) vt.消磨
They played cards to kill time.
L
1.land (熟义：土地) vi.着陆
The plane at last landed safely because of the pilots’ bravery and intelligence.
由于飞行员的勇敢和智慧飞机安全着陆。
2.last:
① 最后、最近(adv.) He came last in the race.
②最后的，末尾的(adj.)She is the last one to come to the classroom.
③持续(vi) How long do you think this fine weather will last?
3.learn (熟义：学习) v.听到，获悉
I learned of that yesterday.我昨天才得知此事。
4.lesson (熟义：课)n.教训(不悦的经历)
Pear Harbor was a painful lesson for the US.珍珠港事件对美国来说是一次痛苦的教训。
5.letter (熟义：信件)n.字母
Fill in your answers in capital letters, not small letters. 答案用大写字母填写，不要用小写字母。
6.leave:
① 离开(vi) He left Beijing for Shanghai.
② 留下(vt.) Some one left this note for you.
③ 把……忘记(vt.) I left my key at the office.
④ 使、让(vt.) Don`t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
⑤ 假，假期。She asked for leave when her mother was ill.
7.long (熟义：adj. 长) v. 渴望
The children are longing for the holidays. 孩子们盼望放假。
8.lift:
① 举起(vt.) He can lift the heavy stone.
② 电梯(n.) It`s on the sixth floor---Let`s take the lift.
③ 搭便车(n.) I will give you a lift to the station.
M
1.make (熟义：v. 制造;使) v. 演变成(某事物)，结果是
If you train hard, you will make a good footballer. 你要刻苦训练就能成为优秀的足球运动员。
2.manner (熟义：n. 方式，方法) manners 礼貌
Aren’t you forgetting your manners? 你是不是没礼貌了?
3.mean (熟义：v. 意味着;打算) adj. 吝啬的;卑鄙的
He is so mean and selfish that it is very difficult to make friends with him.
4.meet:
① 遇见、遇到(vt.) He met an old friend yesterday.
② 满足In order to meet the needs of the readers we will reprint the bestseller.
③ (在车站、机场) 接(人)I will meet you at the airport.
5.match:
① 比赛(n.) There will be a basketball match on Saturday.
②火柴(n.) He stroke a match to light up the room.
③与….相配 The hat matches her dress very well.
6.mine (熟义：pron. 我的)n & v. 采矿, 矿
When a gold mine was discovered in California，there was a gold rush.
在California发现金矿后，人们都去掏金了。
7.miss (熟义：v. 想念) v. 错过，未击中，未看见
He shot at the bird but missed. 他打鸟未打中。
He missed the point of my joke. 他没有听懂我讲的笑话。
N
1.narrow (熟义：adj. 狭窄的) adj. 勉强的，几乎未成的
He narrowly escaped drowning. 他差点儿淹死
2.nature:
① 自然 (n.) You can get close to nature during holiday.
② 本质 (n.) It`s his nature to be kind to people.
3.notice (熟义：v & n. 注意) n. 布告;通知
He received two month’s notice to leave the job. 他收到两个月后解雇的通知。
O
1.once (熟义：adv. 曾经，一度) conj. 一旦
Once you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. 一旦明白了这条规则，就再也没有困难了。
2.operate (熟义：v. 动手术) v. 操作，操纵;管理 ，经营
He operates the lift. 他是开电梯的。
They operate three factories and a huge warehouse. 他们管着三家工厂和一个大仓库。
3.order (熟义：n & v. 命令) n.次序;秩序/点菜 n & v.订购
Some teachers find it difficult to keep order in their classes. 有些老师觉得课堂秩序很难维持。
We ordered two glasses of milk and some bread.
P
1.park (熟义：n. 公园) v. 停车;(暂时)留下(某人)，寄存(某物)
Your car is very badly parked. 你的汽车停放得不好。
Park yourself in that chair while I make you a cup of tea. 你坐在那张椅子上，我给你沏茶去。
2.passage (熟义：n. 段落，节) n. 通道，走廊;旅费
They forced a passage through the crowd. 他们在人群中挤出一条路。
3.plant (熟义：n&v. 植物;种植) n. 工厂
How much steel can be made in the steel plant? 这钢铁厂能产钢多少?
4.position (熟义：n. 位置) n. 职位，工作;立场，观点
He applied for the position of assistant manager. 他申请副经理一职。
5.pretty (熟义：adj. 漂亮的，可爱的) adv. 相当
She seemed pretty satisfied with the result. 她对那结果似乎相当满意。
6.promise (熟义：v. 答应;诺言) v. 有希望
It promises to be warm this afternoon. 今天下午可望转暖。
There’s plenty of room for improvement in your work. 你的工作还有很多改进的余地。
7.perform:
① 表演(vt.) They are performing the play The Merchant of Venice.
② 表现(vi) He performed well in the contest.
8.present:
① 礼物 (n.) He sent me a present for my birthday.
② 在场的、出席的(adj.)There were 200 people present at the meeting.
③ 目前，当前(n.)I am afraid I can`t help you at present----I am too busy
④ 提出、介绍(vt.) He presented his report to the manager when he finished it
9.power:
① 力量 (n.) It`s beyond my power to do this.
② 动力(n.) wind power
③ 权利(n.)
10.place:
① 地方(n.) Qingdao is a good place to live in.
② 放置(vt.) When he came in,he placed his bag on the table.
11.point:
① 指(出)(vi.) The clock hands pointed to twelve.
② 点(n.) Two point six 2.6
③要点、论点(n.) Let`s stop discussing the useless problem and come to the point.
R
1.race:
① 竞赛(n.) a horse-race
② 种族(n.) people of mixed race
2.raise:
① 提高、举起(vt.) Raise your voice to make yourself heard.
② 饲养;抚养(vt.) My mother raised pigs at the countryside.
③ 筹集;集资(vt.) The man raised money to build a primary school..
3.room (熟义：n. 房间 )n. 空间
There is no room for so many people.
4.rough:
① 粗糙的(adj.)Touch the ball and tell me whether it is rough or smooth.
②艰辛的(adj.)Life is rough.
5.run (熟义：v. 跑，行驶 )v. 经营，管理;
He has no idea of how to run a successful business. 他不知道把企业办好的方法。
6.regular:
① 规则的(adj.)The man does regular exercise to keep fit.
② 定期的、定时的(adj.)He goes to work by regular bus.
③ 照例的、经常的(adj.)Mary is a regular customer in the shop.
7.realize:
① 认识到(vt.) Only then did I realize I was wrong.
② 实现(vt.) He realized his dream of being a doctor.
S
1.save:
① 拯救、救(vt.)He jumped into water and saved the drowning man.
② 节约(vt.) Save water,please.
③ 储蓄(vt.) The girl saves some money for travel.
2.serve:
① 服务、服役(vt.) He served in the army during the war.
② 供(某人)饭菜、上菜(vt.) Learn to serve at table.
3.see (熟义：v. 看见 )v. 见证
The year 2004 saw the improvement of human rights in China. 见证了中国人权的进步。
4.sentence (熟义：n. 句子)v. 判决，宣判
He has been sentenced to pay a fine of 1000 pounds. 他被判罚款1000英镑。
5.separate (熟义：v. 分离，分开)adj. 各自的，独立的，单独存在的
We can’t work together any more; I think it’s time we went our separate ways.
我们再也不能在一起工作了，我看得各奔东西了。
6.settle (熟义：v. 定居，稳定，安定 )v. 解决，处理
It’s time you settled your dispute with him. 现在你该跟他把争端解决了。
7.service
① 服务(n.) The food is good at the hotel,but the service is poor.
②公用事业的业务或工作状态(n.) a bus/train service
8.since:
① 自从……(以来)I have worked in the company since I graduated from college.
② 既然 Since you like the car,why don`t you buy it?
9.suggest (熟义：v. 建议，提议 ) v. 暗示，表明
His cool response suggested that he didn’t like the idea. 他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意。
10.stage:
① 舞台(n.) be/go on the stage 登台表演
② 阶段(n.) at an early stage in our history 在我们历史发展的早期
11.spare:
① 业余的(adj.) I collect stamps in my spare time.
② 多余的(adj.)I have no spare money this month.
③ 拨出，匀出(vt.) Can you spare me some time?
④ 过剩，有余(vt.) spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事
12.stand:
① 站 (vi) She stood there for two hours.
② 忍受(vt.) I can`t stand you.
③ 架(n.) a hat/coat stand
④ 摊(n.) a market stand
13.still
① 仍然、还(adv.) He is still a child,don`t scold him too much.
② 静的，不动的(adj.)Please keep still while I take your photograph.
14.sign:
① 符号、招牌(n.) Can you see that traffic sign?it says “Slow down.”
② 签名、签字(vt.) Sign your name here.
15.study:
① 学习,研究 (n.) The little boy is fond of study.
② 学习，研究vt..) I am studying how to swim.
16.should:
① 应该 You should clean your classroom every day.
② 竟然 I can`t believe that he should speak to his parents like that.
17.spring:
① 春天(n.) The weather is warm in spring.
②泉水(n.) a hot spring 温泉
18.sense:
① 感觉 (n.) The blind have a keen sense of hearing.
② 意识 (n.) comman sense
19.some:
① 一些 Give me some paper,please.
② 某一 (在单数可数名词之前)Some Mr.Smith is waiting for you.
20.support:
① 支持(vt./n.) The chair can`t suport you two---you are too heavy.
② 赡养(vt.) He has a big family to suport.
21.strike (struck、struck)
① 打、击、敲(vt.) The stone struck me on the head.
② 袭击、攻击(vt.) A heavy storm struck the village.
③ 罢工(n.) a strike by bus drivers be/go on strike 举行罢工
22.state:
① 国家、州(n.) There are fifty states in America.
② 状态 (n.) The old man is in a poor state of health.
③ 陈述、阐述(vt.)He stated his view the medicine could be used in curing cancer.
T
1.tell (熟义：v. 告诉) v. 讲述，分辨，判断，确定
Who can tell which is right and which is wrong. 谁能判断那个对那个错。
2.touch (熟义：v. 接触，碰;感动 )n. 联系
Our head office can put you in touch with a branch in your area.
我们总公司可安排你与当地分公司取得联系。
3.turn (熟义：v. 转变 )v. 达到或超过(某年龄或时间) n. 依次，轮流
She turned forty last june. 她在刚过去的六月满四十岁。
Whose turn is it to do the washing-up? 轮到谁刷锅洗碗了?
4.train:
① 训练(vt.) He was trained as a engineer.
② 火车(一列)(n.) I went home by train last week.
5.though:
① 虽然 (连词)She came to help me,though she was very busy.
② 可是 (副词)She promised to call,I heard nothing ,though.
6.treat:
① 对待(vt.) The woman treats the baby as her own child.
② 治疗(vt.)She was treated for sunstroke.(中暑)
W
1.watch (熟义：v. 观看 n. 手表 )v. 留心;注意
We will have to watch the children in case they get too tired.
我们得照看着孩子，别让他们太累了。
2.when (熟义：conj. 当…时候)conj. 那时突然; 既然，考虑到
I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我正想要离开，突然下起雨来。
3.while (熟义：conj. 当… 时候 )conj. 然而;尽管，虽然
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream. 我爱喝清咖啡而他喜欢加奶油的。
While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我没说这些问题不能解决。
4.wonder (熟义：v. 想知道)v. 感到惊奇，惊叹
We wondered at the speed with which it arrived. 我们赞叹其到达速度之快。
5.word (熟义：n. 单词，话 )n. 消息(不可数名词)
Word came that I was needed at home. 有信儿来说家里需要我。
6.would:
① 表示过去将来时 He would attend the meeting if he had time.
② 过去常常 The old woman would ordered a cup of tea every time she came to the resturant.
③ 愿意 I would like to invite you to my house this week.
7.will
① 将(一般将来时)I will stay at home if it rains .
② 意志(品质)(n.) The old woman has a strong will.
③ 愿望(n.)against one`s will违反某人的意愿
8.well
①好地(adv) He can play football very well.
②井(n.) The water in the well is very cool.
初中英语阅读课中词汇呈现的趣味之源
杨小丽
（浙江省绍兴市建功中学）
摘 要：提升词汇呈现活动的趣味性对初中英语阅读课的顺利进行非常重要，但任何呈现活动的设计都必须立足于以生为本的教学理念。
关键词：初中英语阅读；词汇教学；趣味性
现代教育观点认为：谁获取知识谁就是课堂的主体。以学生的发展为本是新课标的核心理念。英语阅读课堂自然应将促进学生的发展作为出发点和归宿，在成为学生“自主、合作、探究”学习的主阵地的同时，使每位学生都能在学习中主动自觉，享受英语阅读的乐趣。只有学生在词汇学习中感受乐趣，才会有更大的兴趣去继续顺利阅读，培养阅读的信心和能力。笔者立足“以生为本”的教学理念，对于不同题材的阅读教学内容，总结了以下几种策略。
一、基于话题背景的词汇呈现形式，活动设计应符合学生的认知规律，从低到高
1.以中西方文化背景为话题，可以旧带新、以熟悉带不熟悉
《义务教育英语课程标准》指出：“教师要依学生的年龄特点和认知能力，逐步扩展文化知识的内容和范围，帮助学生开阔视野，使他们提高对中外文化异同的敏感性和鉴别能力，为发展跨文化交际能力打下良好的基础。”新目标七年级上册第二单元的阅读内容是让学生进一步学习和运用Section A中所学的语言知识，谈论自己和他人的家庭成员。学习有关家庭成员的词汇，涉及“介绍和辨别人物”。英美家庭成员之间的称谓比较随便，兄弟姐妹之间不以brother或sister相称，而是直呼其名。尽管称呼随便，但他们很有礼貌，在家庭成员之间也常用“Thank you”，即使是晚辈帮长辈做了一点小事，长辈也要致谢。所以在设计这一课时时，我先向学生展示我自己的一张全家福，用前一课所学的知识“This is… / That is…”的句型，代入称呼向学生介绍照片中的成员，并提醒学生关注名字所代表的性别。然后要求学生快速浏览阅读课文，找出文中所有的人名，理清他们的相互关系，将它们按性别进行分类。用一张老师的家庭照片介绍一个中国家庭的人物关系、名谓称呼，然后再学习一个西方家庭的成员关系，用学生熟悉的旧知识带出新知识，这样既复习了以前所学的知识点，降低了难度，提升了学生的学习兴趣，也大大节省了课堂教学的时间。
2.以日常饮食和健康问题为话题，可从学生身边的生活小事说起日常饮食和健康问题是现代社会的一个大问题，也是家长、学生特别关注的一个话题。
新目标英语七年级上册第六单元，要求帮助学生认读一些表示食物的词汇，并大胆谈论对食物的喜好，同时也让学生思考一些食物是否健康，以引导学生注意平时的饮食习惯。
本文是通过记者对一位体育明星的采访而产生的记录。如何让文中出现的食物名称鲜活灵动地出现在学生面前，是这节课成功与否的关键。类似以人们的日常生活细节为内容的教学材料，教师可以实物或简笔画进行词汇呈现。以简笔画为例：上课铃响之前，教师先在黑板上画好所需物品，这一举动往往能令学生好奇心加重。等铃声一响，先叫几个学生说出黑板上所画食物的名称，对前面所学知识进行复习。然后再询问学生分别吃什么食物作为今天的“早饭”“午饭”，抑或昨天的“晚饭”，如此，新词汇的呈现水到渠成。既节省了词汇呈现的时间，又能快速进入阅读 篇章的处理。
3.以特殊日子或传统佳节为话题，可从教师本人经历说起，由己及彼
新目标八年级上册第一单元就是一个很好的例子。课文要求“Read Jane’s diary entries about her vacation and answer the questions.”笔者以为这样的设计是再合适不过的。上课伊始，教师拿出自己暑假或以前旅游的照片，也可直接在课件里面展示自己度假地的影像，让学生观赏（最好是有关Penang和Malaysia的），自己以一个熟客的身份向学生介绍课文中出现的内容，当然重在呈现词汇和难点句型。这样以教师本身为model的活动设计必能让学生倍感有趣，为了能尽可能详细地了解老师的假期活动，学生会更集中注意力去听讲解，去猜生词。好奇加有趣，自是妙趣横生！
二、基于学生主体趣味性体验的'词汇呈现形式，活动设计应符合学生的心理发展，投其所好
1.以音乐媒体等流行元素为载体，从感到悟
流行元素如流行歌曲、影星歌星、网络游戏等，都是学生喜闻乐见、过目不忘的事物，将其作为枯燥阅读课中生词呈现的载体，能很好地调动学生的学习热情和学习积极性，从而提高教学效率。比如，在教学以健康食品为话题，谈论Do you have a/any…？时，有教师设计了Enjoy a song这个环节，歌曲中apple/watermelon/pear/orange等词汇随着轻快音乐的不断复现，极大地增强了学生的表现欲，当被问到What kind of food can you hear？学生可以不假思索地说出apple/pear/orange/watermelon，教师也自然导出了教学重点healthy food。接着动画设计打开冰箱，水果、食品、饮料，一一跃入学生眼帘……从对事物的听觉、视觉兴趣转入了对脱口而出的语言兴趣，老师成功地把学生带入一个全新的天地。
2.以比赛游戏为载体，从玩到学
玩是孩子的天性，如何妥善利用“玩”的形式，让学生在玩中学，在乐中学是一门高深的学问。记得有一节省级的英语优质课上，一位男老师以变魔术为主线分步骤教学，当老师一拿出魔具，学生的注意力已被吸引，边看边高声说出这些事物的英语单词，当时课堂上的气氛high到爆，至今犹令人回味无穷。在现如今科技发达的时代，我们不仅可以用多媒体，更可以采用平时生活中的游戏方式来引导学生在课堂上“玩”。只要教师带上童心，学会带着学生“玩”，学生便能在“玩”中学到更多。
三、基于学生生活体验的词汇呈现形式，活动设计应体现学生的生活，以生为本
1.以校园生活为素材，共同经历引起共鸣
校园生活总是多姿多彩，丰富万千的，如果在阅读课中，合理取舍生词，以校园生活为素材进行词汇呈现，一定会取得事半功倍的效果。现在进行时的教学，教师事先可以拍好学生在教室里活动的一些生活情景照作为呈现新词汇的情景，看到这些与自己息息相关的生活照，孩子们的劲头来了，指指点点中，我们听到了他们实实在在的语言交流：
―What are you doing？―I’m doing my homework.
―Look!Wang Yang is listening to music.―Yes， that’s right.
―Are they eating？―No， they aren’t. They are cleaning the classroom…
学生有亲身经历，有话可说，师生间距离拉近，学生学得主动，并体验到了成功的快乐。
2.以社会生活为素材，说自己道别人来激趣
如，教学Unit 8 Being a volunteer is great.一课时，我就根据学生社会实践活动的真实经历而设计了如下活动：（接着前一课时中复现的内容）Do you often help others？You are helpful and kind-hearted.的句子，引导学生学习“volunteer，help-helpful，kind-hearted，get along well with，help others with…”等词汇、短语。自然就进入了Being a volunteer is great.的 篇章阅读教学，实现了真实性和实用性的互相统一。
四、基于学生活动来创设情景的词汇呈现形式，情景设计应尽量真实，身临其境
1.演讲（Speech）
演讲可以训练学生的胆量和口头表达能力。可以让一个成绩较好的学生围绕阅读 篇章的主要内容，结合前一课的知识，写好演讲稿，稍作修改后站到讲台上给全班同学演讲，这就起到了承上启下的作用。
2.表演（Act）
这种创设情景的词汇呈现法可以根据单元的主题，整合阅读内容进行创编，然后再由学生表演出来。生生互动有助于增加学生主动学习的兴趣，更可以让学生对阅读内容一目了然，不过这种方法耗时较多，还得花不小的精力。
总之，不管词汇呈现活动怎么设计，阅读课堂怎么进行，以生为本是一切活动之源。“良好的开端是成功的一半”，只有增强英语阅读课中词汇呈现的趣味性，才能尽快集中学生的注意力，诱发学生学习的积极性，激发他们的求知欲，才能使他们通过主动积极的学习尝到劳动和收获的快乐！
参考文献：
［1］赵大中。基于话题设计的语法教学实践探索［J］。中小学外语教学：中学篇，2013（11）。
［2］郑春红。例谈阅读课教学设计的有效性［J］。中小学外语教学：中学篇，2012（07）。
你知道什么是座右铭吗？人们说这些东西有特殊的意义。我有一个超级座右铭，它像魔法一样起作用。我的座右铭是“尽力而为。”
我总是这么说。我的.座右铭每天都在指导我。它对我很有帮助。它帮助我面对挑战，带走我的工作。它也让我感觉更强大。例如，我在一次重要的考试中生病了。我非常紧张和害怕，所以我告诉自己，“尽你最大的努力。”然后我尽了最大努力。我全力以赴，做得很好。
这句格言可以让你变得自信。不要担心会发生什么，不要把自己和别人比较。尽你最大的努力，你就会没事。如果你尽你最大的努力，任何事情都是可能的，所以每天都要尽你最大的努力。
It is very important for us to keep healthy.
There are many ways to be healthy. We should eat more fruit and vegetables. We should exercise for at least one hour every day. We need enough sleep and rest , so it is important to go to bed early. Besides, we should wash our hands as often as possible. In my opinion, we mustn’t drink wine or smoke, They are bad for our health. We should also stay away from junk food.
【荐】初中英语作文
Madame Curie was one of the greatest scientists in the world. She was born in 1867. She first lived in Poland, then went to France. When she was very young she was interested in science. She worked very hard and discovered the element radium. She received the Nobel Prizes in 1903 and in 1911.
For the last ten years of her life she was almost blind. The radium with which she had worked for many years had caused blindness and illness and finally a disease of the blood. She died in Paris at the age o~ 66.
Today she is remembered as a great scientist. But she is also remembered for her determination and courage.
everything you have done for me.
I know you are worried about my study, so you don’t want me to play basketball too much. But I can’t study all day along. Sometime I need to relax. I really enjoy playing basketball. It keeps me healthy and strong.
Could you allow me to play basketball for an hour and a half every day? I promise I will try my best in my study.
微笑，这个词多么温暖!它能让任何人快乐。而这种幸福来自心底。
它不像热情的笑声，只是温暖，让你的心温暖。
母亲的微笑就像春风，当你悲伤时，温柔的微笑，它会使你再次快乐;当你失败时，它会让你站起来，再次努力工作;当你放弃的时候，它会让你再次尝试。
微笑，很容易，但也很有用。
所以，让我们学会微笑吧。每个人都需要别人的.微笑。当我们给别人一个微笑的时候，我们也会感到快乐。也许下一次，当你需要微笑时，得到你微笑的人会把你的微笑给你。
让我们学会经常微笑，我相信它甚至能让整个人感到温暖。带着微笑生活，每天都是阳光。
My best friend is a loyal and brave boy. When a bully teased me, he came to my rescue right away.
He always remembers my birthday and he is fun to be with.
He tells funny jokes and stories. He always makes me laugh.
Finally, he is a very good listener and he knows how to cheer me up when I'm down.
I hope we'll stay friends forever.
The night of November 12th, 20xx was indeed a glorious night for our Chines, because the Opening Ceremony of Asian Games was held on Haixinsha Island in Guangzhou. Over 7000 people took part in it.
All of the performances were impressive, but the most interesting one was Sail on Cloud. During that programme, 180 performers were hung in the air to dance. How wonderful it was! Every audience burst out praise. I couldn’t help shouting. But it was a pity that I just watched it from TV. How I wish I were there!
Transportation has been greatly changed in the past few years. In ancient days, people used to travel by horse or carriage. The journey was often tiring and tedious. Then people had buses, trains and ships, which could shorten the time of the long-distance trip. Now we have not only more private cars, but also planes and high-speed rails. All of these modern transports could offer us a quick and pleasant travel. Thus, more and more people enjoy traveling very much these days. In conclusion, modern transportation has completely changed our life. Thanks to modern transportation, our world is becoming smaller and smaller.
These are lots of books in our daily life. Some are about history, some are novels, and some are even about the dream in the future. I think it's useful to read stories, because it can be used sometimes. Once, there was a very difficult question in an important history exam history, which wasn't mentioned in our history books, even our teacher has never told us about it. But I remembered clearly that I had read it in a history story, so I answered the question without difficulty and became the only student in our class who answered the question correctly. In my view, it's useful to read stories.
Students need enough sports and activities to do physical exercises and relax, but in some schools they are not given enough time to do outside activities. Its harmful for students growth. Teachers ask students to spend most of their time on studies. But when they feel tired and bored, students cant concentrate on studies. They are in bad health.
Its necessary to give students enough time to do outside activities. After good relaxation and rest, students will work harder.
Pay attention to students health and growth.
Going to school and receiving education are part of my daily life. Some children don't like the school life, but they still need to study every day. For me, I find the great joy as I work with my classmates. Sometimes when the teacher asks us to finish the job in a group, we will discuss and share our opinion after class. We learn from each other and get improved quickly. We become close friends, so in the weekend, we will hang out and find something interesting to do. I love school life. It makes me grow up and become a better person. Thanks to my friends’ help, I make progress greatly.
March 12th is Tree Planting Day. This year our school bought enough trees before that day . On that day , we didn't had classes . The teachers and our classmates planted trees around our school.
We began to planted trees as soon as we got to school . some students dug the holes . Some students put the trees into the holes.
Some students put the earth back to the holes. Then we pushed the earth hard with our feet . At last we watered the trees as much as possible.
From then on we looked after the trees carefully and the trees grew very well . It made our school more beautiful .And How happy we are !
It is well-known that water isindispensable in existing, in producing and in living. And we should not wasteof a drop of water.
众所周知，在生产和生活中水是必不可少的。我们不应该浪费一滴水。
First, water isdefinitely important for life. As is known to us all, water is necessary tosupport life. Without water, human beings, animals and plants cannot exist atall.
首先，水对生命是非常重要的。众所周知，水是维持生命所必需的。没有水，人类，动物和植物都不复存在。
Second, water is also significant forproducing. For one thing, industrial production needs a lot of water, such asusing water to generate electricity. For another, agricultural production isalso in need of water, especially in irrigation.
第二，水对于生产也具有重要的意义。一方面，工业生产需要大量的水，如，用水发电。另一方面，农业生产也需要水，特别是在灌溉方面。
Finally, water is indispensable in life. Inour daily life, we are not able to finish many things without water, such ascooking and washing.
最后，水在我们生活中是不可或缺的。在我们的日常生活中，没有水，很多事情我们都无法完成，如做饭、洗衣服。
To sum up, water is absolutely significantfor our living, for producing and for living. Therefore, we need to make fulluse of each drop of water and form a habit of saving water.
总之，水对我们的生存，生产和生活是非常重要的。因此，我们要充分利用每一滴水，养成节约用水的习惯。
As there are alot of languages in the world, it will make lots of difficulties when wecommunicate with people from other countries. However, smile is a kind of magiclanguage that everyone can read easily, no matter where he comes from.
由于世界上有很多种语言，这让我们在与来自其他国家的人交流时带来了很多的困难。然而，微笑是一种神奇的语言，不管来自何方大家都可以轻松地理解。
For one thing, smilecan transfer warmth and energy. As graduates, we are faced with a lot ofrecruitment. Each of us is nervous. But when we see the smile on others’ faces,it's just like the golden sunshine. Smile is just the medium of positiveenergy.
首先，微笑可以传递温暖和能量。作为大学生，我们面临着很多招聘。我们每个人都很紧张。但当我们看到别人脸上的微笑，就像温暖的阳光。微笑只是正能量的媒介。
For the otherthing, smile can express friendship. When we praise others, just bonus a smile,it will be prettier than amount of words.
其次，微笑可以表示友谊。当我们称赞别人时，只要奖励一个微笑，那会比任何词都漂亮。
It is obviousthat smile is a good way to show your respect to others. Smile is the shortestdistance between two people. Wish you have good relationships with others.
很明显的微笑是展示尊敬的好方法。微笑是两个人之间最短的距离。希望大家可以与他人友好相处。
When summer holiday comes, I always go back to my hometown and spend the time with my grandparents. I like the life there, it is so simple and happy. Living in the countryside, I feel the peace in my heart. It seems the days become longer. In the morning, I hear the cock make out the sound, as if it is singing, then I wake up. Sometimes I will go to the mountain and I can hear some birds singing. I enjoy listening to these birds' sound. I am so close to the nature. I love everything that the nature brings. The green tree, the colorful flower, the clean water even the fresh air. I find its beauty.
When I watch the TV series, there always present the rich family's life, but I don't feel envious about the rich life. It is obvious that though these people live the better life, the cost is that their parents spend less time to play with them. The time to stay with our parents is really important, while the rich parents have much work to do, so they don't have much private hours. I was born in an ordinary family. My parents will never miss the moment when I need them. I am so thankful to life, because I have my parents' love. What's more, I have made many good friends. We share our interest and have a lot in common.
Cell phone has been the indispensable part of our life today. For many students, they bring cell phone to school, which annoys many teachers, because the students are not listening to them when they are passing the knowledge. Actually, this situation can't all blame students and teachers have some duty. If they find the attractive way to show knowledge, surely students will focus their attention. It is not possible to ask students to hand in their cell phones, as they get used to using it. Most students will not play cell phone in the classroom, because they know their duty. For the students who can't focus their attention, even without cell phone, they still don't want to study.
噢。你的那些劣势。你的数学，从这次你填的作业来看，你并没有很好地把基础知识掌握，因为，你从心里上在排斥着它，马上跳过去去做大题了，而且并没能第一时间，没能在三分钟内完成一道选择题，但是，待你后来心情好的时候再去填的时候，你填的很棒，并没有那么糟糕。因此，在填数学卷的时候，请你一定记住，你的效率，你的高效。
填数学的时候，思路想休息的时候，就想想，你是一个被打击过的人，别再让数学拖你分了，它没有那个资格！记住记住，填的时候，你的思维一定要悦动起来，绝对不要发呆，因为你一发呆，时间肯定不够的。同时，填了那么多次卷子，记住，三分钟内没有解决的，马上跳过，不要再重蹈覆辙，导致后面的没有时间填或者填的匆忙丢的分比捡回来的分还要多，真是得不偿失。
还有一个，你知道你上次数学败得灰头土脸的重要原因是什么嘛？你的计算。明明可以口算的题，你却一定要在草稿纸上写，何必呢？相信自己。你的心算能力还是不差的，不要被数学打败，不要因为数学不好就否定了自己的心算能力，因为我知道，每次你在心算的时候，你的心情都是悦动的，你的心情都是非常好的，因为我知道，每次你心算的时候，你都是主动学习的，而不是被动地学习，同样，你在心算的时候，你的脑子转的特别快，你不觉得吗？因此，不要连非常简单的12×13还要笔算，真的浪费时间，而且还不知不觉中让你思维死了。
紧接着，你可以选择先做大题，因为你更喜欢做大题，因为你喜欢很有规律的开始，草率地结束，而大题要求的是书面，因此，我允许你先做大题。不要再去关心时间，也不要再因旁边的人刷刷的笔声而心慌，你一慌，你的思路就没了。你只要保证你的正确率和效率，你就不会输，因为，其实在整个年级，大家的水平几乎都是一样的，唯一不一样的，就是在考试的时候的心态还有心情，因此，不要怀疑自己的能力，不是别人让你慌，而是你给别人安全感。
接着，不要糊涂。真的不要糊涂，不要明明想着这一道题，却马上地想要跳过进入第二道题！
哦了，信心，我想，你不会差。就像爸爸说的，你打的基础坚固就不会怕风吹和雨打！你不会差，因为，你可以比老师更快速地解决一道难题，因此，证明你的IQ是没有问题的，唯一有问题的是，你的心态！
so, 不要慌，要悦动！
根据中文和英文提示，写一篇意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的短文。
所给英文提示词仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
你有过独自一人在家的经历吗？请根据你的亲身经历选择情况A或情况B完成短文。情况A：曾经独自一人在家。你的某次经历及其感受是什么样的？
情况B：未曾独自一人在家。如果有这样的一次机会，你的父母会放心吗？你又会怎样照顾
自己呢？
提示词：look after, have fun, miss, grow, worried, excited, surprised
参考例文1:
I ’ve been home alone for several times and my first stay at home alone was memorable.
When I was twelve, once both of my parents were away on business, and I had been all by myself for two days. They left early the first day, and I got up soon after they left. In the first evening I was a little scared, so I turned on all the lights. I actually kept the light on in my bedroom the whole night. For fear of getting up late the next morning, I put three alarm clocks near my bed. In order to prove that I could take care of myself, I washed my own clothes the second afternoon, though I could wait for mom to do it.
I really felt proud of myself and thought I was a big girl.
参考例文2：
Up to now I’ve never had a chance to be at home alone. But if there’s one in the future, I guess Iwill take care of myself very easily.The reasons are as follows.
First of all, I keep a good daily routine. That’s to say, I can get up and go to bed at usual time by myself. And I can cook simple food. The most important reason is thatI can balance my study and entertainment.
Therefore, my parents won’t worry about me if they have to stay away for a few days.
文段表达评分标准
说明：先根据文章整体内容和语言表达确定档次，然后在该档次内评出分数。
第一档：（15-13分）
完全符合题目要求，表达思想清楚，内容丰富。使用多种语法结构和丰富的词汇，语言通顺，语意连贯，具有逻辑性。允许有个别语言错误。
第二档：（12-9分）
符合题目要求，表达思想基本清楚，内容基本完整。语法结构和词汇满足文章需要，语言基本通顺，语意基本连贯。有一些语言错误，但不影响整体理解。
第三档：（8-5分）
部分内容符合题目要求，表达思想不清楚，内容不完整。语法结构和词汇错误较多，语言不通顺，影响整体理解。
第四档：（4-1分）
与题目有关的`内容不多，不能表达出自己的思想。只能简单拼凑一些词语，所写内容难以理解。
摘 要：作文教学一直是初中英语教学中一个重要的部分，虽然教师都十分重视作文教学，然而由于初中学生的英语水平有限，加之很多学生对作文又有着畏难的情绪，学生互相合作学习的意识不高，这也是英语作文教学并不理想的原因。因此，就初中英语作文教学中运用小组合作学习来提高学生写作的兴趣和能力进行了探讨。
关键词：初中英语；作文教学；小组合作
初中英语教学中作文教学占有相当大的比重，通过写作可以对学生的英语综合运用能力进行检测，但在实际教学中英语写作情况并不乐观。
尤其是少数民族地区的英语教学仍存在着很多的问题，很多学生对英语写作常常充满畏惧，作文质量也较低。如，有的学生拿来就写，不论对错，写完也不检查；有的学生看到写作要求，毫无头绪，无从下笔等。基于这些，我认为在初中英语作文教学中实施小组合作学习就显得十分迫切了。
一、小组合作学习在初中英语作文教学中运用的作用探析
学习过程是一个信息互动的过程，它往往是以一种多向交叉的方式进行传递的。而小学合作学习就是以“学生”为中心，通过合作，加强学生的互动，让小组成员在合作、互动中完成任务，这样的过程更利于学生主动去获取知识，提高学习能力。
首先，小组合作有利于学生互教互学，彼此交流信息。这不仅给小组成员提供了大量的发言和思想交流的机会，更能帮助学生树立学习的自信心，激发学生参与写作的兴趣。
其次，小组合作学习中可以让学生充分发挥自身的优势，调动学生的学习主动性，培养学生的合作意识和竞争意识，这更是学生学习主体地位得以体现的重要途径。
二、小组合作学习在初中英语作文教学中的实施方式和步骤
小组合作写作教学的一般步骤可以分为七个方面：
1.小组内部讨论
教师给定写作要求后，小组组长要根据要求组织小组成员对写作要求进行熟悉和把握，并针对写作要求进行交流，挖掘写作的主题，对生词、词组及相关信息进行查缺补漏。（小组记录员及时记录相关信息）
2.组织全班交流
当小组完成讨论交流后，可以选择几组具有典型意义的小组讨论结果进行全班交流，通过评价指出写作的方向和要点。
3.学生独立创作
通过小组和班级讨论交流后，每个学生根据写作要求，并结合讨论所得的信息进行独立创作，在写作过程中如果遇到困难，可以向同学或是教师寻求帮助。
4.互相批阅
此环节可以是小组成员间互相批阅，也可以是小组与小组间互相批阅。批阅中要鼓励学生敢于提出自己的观点，鼓励学生对被批阅的文章进行必要的补充、修改等，并对好句、好词进行标注，对于没有把握的地方，可以进行查阅或是请教老师。及时修正错误。
5.学生及时修改
批阅后，学生要能对他人的批阅进行再次审视，需要修改的及时修改，有疑问的及时咨询，只有让学生及时修改，才能真正体现小组合作学习的意义。
6.教师及时点评
小组点评后教师要进行及时的总结和评价，让学生整体把握。
7.引导学生再提升
批阅和点评后要求学生再次审视自己的文章，查缺补漏，如果变动太大，可以进行重写。这样，再次的修改有利于学生写作水平的提高，还能帮助学生形成良好的写作习惯。
总之，在初中英语作文教学中实施小组合作学习十分有利于提高学生写作水平，又能培养学生的合作意识，使学生各方面的能力得以提高。
参考文献：
［1］曹秋钗。初中英语写作能力的现状分析及教学对策［J］。当代教育论坛：教学研究，20xx（01）。
［2］黄菊芳。试探小组合作在初中英语写作教学中的作用［J］。中学教学参考，20xx（07）。
I lie cartns because the chatacters are ust lie peple. I can’t stand scar vies because the’re s scar . I dn’t lie sap peras because the’re lng and bring. Althugh I reall wnder what happens next .I dn’t lie the at all. I lve watching cedies because the alwas ae e laugh. It’s alwas interesting t watch the funniest perfrer shw their es,als I can lean se funn es fr the. As fr actin vies. I dn’t ind the . The’re as bring as sap peras .But , I’d sa ,actin vies are trul exciting! What abut u?What inds f shws d u lie?
My school
I am Alice. I am a student of No.1 Middle School. I study in Class Two Grade Seven.
There is a map of our school on the wall. The playground is in the middle of the school. On the left of the playground, there is a library. I like reading very much, so I often read books in the library. There is a teaching building behind the library. We study in that building. My classroom is on the second floor in that building. The teachers' offices are in that building, too. Where is the sport hall? Oh, it's on the right of the teaching building. I have P.E class in the sport hall. The canteen is in front of the sport hall. We have lunch and dinner in the canteen. In the school, I feel very happy!
This is my school. It's a big and nice place. I like my school very much. What about your school?
我的学校
我是爱丽丝。我是一中的一名学生。我在七年级二班。
墙上有一张我们学校的地图。操场在学校的中间。操场左边是图书馆。我非常喜欢阅读，所以我经常在图书馆里看书。图书馆后面有一座教学楼。我们在那栋楼里面学习。我的教室在二楼。教师办公室也是在那栋楼。体育馆在哪里呢?噢，在教学楼的右边。我在体育馆上体育课。食堂在体育馆的前面。我们在食堂吃午饭和晚饭。在学校，我觉得很开心!
这是我的学校。是一个又大又漂亮的地方。我非常喜欢我的学校。你的学校是怎么样的呢?
My goodfriend
I have a goodfriend,He is a boy,he has a very nice name—Robert.He comes from England.He has big eyes,they are round and cute.He comes to China with his parents.We know each other since last year.From then on,we become goodfriends.
At weekends,we often get together to play basketball,he plays it very well,and,he sings well,too.He teaches me English and I teach him Chinese.
We are goodfriends forever.
我的好朋友
我有一个好朋友，他是一个男孩，他有一个非常好听的名字—罗伯特。他来自英格兰，他有一对大眼睛，它们很圆很可爱。他和他的父母一起来中国。我们从去年开始认识。从那时候起，我们成为好朋友了。
在周末，我们经常一起打篮球，他打得非常好，而且，他歌唱得很好听。他教我英语然后我教他中文。
我们永远都是好朋友。
A Rainy Day
Today is a rainy day and it’s cold with the temperature of 5℃. There are only a few people on the street and they all wear thick down coats and boots. They walk quickly and seem to go somewhere to escape from cold.
It has been cold for a very long time and this winter is colder than ever, but I like it very much because I was born in winter. Besides, in my oppion, only the coldness makes a real winter.
雨天
今天是一个雨天，而且很冷，温度只有5℃。街上人很少而且他们都穿着厚厚的羽绒服和靴子。他们都走得很快似乎要走去某个地方来逃离寒冷。
这个冬天已经冷了好长一段时间了，而且往年的冬天都要冷。但是，我非常喜欢它，因为我是在冬天出生的。此外，我个人认为，只有寒冷才能造就真正的冬天。
初中英语作文常用句型
常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.
2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.
3. I believe the title statement is valid because….
4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe….
5. My argument for this view goes as follows.
6. Along with the development of…, more and more….
7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….
8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….
9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.
10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.
常用于正文段的句型
一、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3. A and B differ in….
4. A differs from B in….
5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….
6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….
7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….
8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….
9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….
11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….
二、演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.
2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.
3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.
5. The reasons are as follows.
三、因果推理法常用句型
1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.
5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.
7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.
四、举例法常用句型
1. Here is one more example.
2. Take … for example.
3. The same is true of….
4. This offers a typical instance of….
5. We may quote a common example of….
6. Just think of….
常用于结尾段的句型
一、对全文进行归纳总结的句型
1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….
2. Taking into account all the factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that….
3. Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that….
4. All the evidence supports a sound conclusion that…
5. From what is mentioned above, we may come to the conclusion that…
6. To sum up/draw a conclusion, we find that….
7. In short/brief/a word/conclusion/sum/, it is….
8. Therefore/Thus/Then, it can be inferred/concluded/deduced that….
9. From/Through/According to what has been discussed above, we can come to/reach/arrive at/draw the conclusion that….
10. It is believed that….
二、表达个人观点的句型
1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.
2. As far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/policy.
3. In conclusion/a word, I believe that….
4. There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of… outweigh its advantages.
5. In my opinion/view, we should….
6. As for me, I….
7. As I see it, ….
8. From my point of view, ….
9. Personally, I think….
10. My view is that….
11. I think/consider….
12. I take/hold a negative/positive view of….
三、表达建议的句型
1. It’s high time that we tried every possible means to put an end to….
2. It’s really high time we took measures to solve the problem of/put an end to.…
3. There is still a long way to go towards solving the problem. We hope that efforts should be made to….
4. We must search for a quick action, because the present situation of… will surely lead to the end of….
5. There is no easy solution to the problem of…, but… might be useful.
6. There is no quick answer to the question of…, but … might be helpful.
7. It is necessary that effective/proper/quick actions/steps/measures be taken to….
8. It’s suggested that great efforts be made to….
9. It’s apparent/clear/obvious that the task of… requires immediate/considerable/great attention/efforts/consideration.
10. To check/control the tendency/trend is no easy task, and it requires a good/deep awareness/consciousness/understanding of….
议论文常用句型
1. It is a fact that….
2. It is well-known that….
3. There is no doubt that….
4. I think that….
5. Contrary to the popular thought, I prefer….
6. Some people say/believe/claim that….
7. It is generally believed that….
8. It is widely accepted that….
9. It is argued/held that….
10. While it is commonly believed that…, I believe….
11. It can be concluded that….
12. People’s views vary from person to person.
图表作文常用句型
1. The table/diagram/bar chart/pie graph/tree diagram/curve graph /column chart shows/illustrates/reveals/describes/depicts/reflects that/how….
2. The graph provides some interesting data regarding….
3. The data/statistics/figures can be interpreted as follows:
4. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….
5. As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table, ….
6. It is clear/apparent from the table/chart/diagram/figures that….
7. The vertical/horizontal axis stands for….
8. There was rapid/noticeable/great/sharp/steep/remarkable/slow/little/slight/gradual rise/increase/decrease/fall/decline/drop/change in development in ….
9. The percentage remained steady/stable at….
10. The figures stayed the same….
11. The figures bottomed out/peaked at….
12. The figures reached the bottom/a peak/a plateau during….
书信作文常用句型
1. I am writing to you in the hope that you could do me a favor to improve the horrible situation.
2. I would like some detailed information on/about….
3. I would be grateful if you could let me have details of ….
4. I am writing to request some necessary information about….
5. I am greatly concerned about….
6. My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words. I wish I could repay it one day.
7. Thank you very much for the kindness you showed me during….
8. It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to extend an invitation to/invite you to….
9. I will be expecting you, so do not disappoint me.
10. I wish to apply for the position of… with your company.
11. I graduated with a BA degree in…from…in….
12. I am very excited and delighted over the good news that you are recruiting a….
表达效果较好的特殊句型
1.平衡句：用相同的结构表达相似的意思
1) Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.
2) We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, and we shall fight him in the air.
3) I am learning how to study, how to organize my time, and how to concentrate.
4) We must believe that we have the knowledge, and that we are competent enough to fulfil the task.
2. 省略句： 省略不影响句子意义的词
1) Although exhausted by the demanding job, they refused to give up.
2) The road is very slippery as if covered with ice.
3) The sooner, the better.
4) Friends can be more dangerous than we sometimes suspect; developing real lifelong friendships much more difficult than we are willing to acknowledge.
5) Reformers are optimistic, conservatives pessimistic; conservatives live for the past, reformers the present and the future.
3. 倒装句：将句子中的某一成分放在反常位置，以达到强调效果
1) In vain did they try to persuade the USA to give up violence.
2) Only by so doing can we expect to stop further pollution and create a better world for us and the future generations to live in.
3) Here comes the opportunity you have been longing for to realize your dream.
4) To such an extent have they polluted the area that plants can not grow.