以下是小编整理的15篇八年级上册一、二单元知识点 学生作文(新目标版英语八年级)，希望能够帮助到大家。
一、复合不定代词
1.构成：由some,any,every,no加上one ,body,thing构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。具体见下表：
one body thing
some someone somebody something
any anyone anybody anything
every everyone everybody everything
no no one nobody nothing
2.用法：
（1）复合不定代词被形容词、动词、不定式等修饰时，要放在它们的后面。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。
There is nothing wrong with the radio.这个收音机没有毛病。
Do you want anything to drink?你想喝点什么吗？
（2）复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Everything begins to grow in spring.春天万物开始生长。
Someone is waiting for you at the door.有人在门口等你。
（3）肯定句中用含some,疑问句和否定句中用含any。但在表示请求、建议、反问等的疑问句中，常用含有some的不定代词。
Would you like something to eat?你想要些吃的东西吗？
（4）anyone,anything也可以用在肯定句中，前者表示“任何人”，后者表示“任何事”。
Anyone can do this.任何人都会做这个。
I can anything for you.我能为你做任何事。
3.go on vacation“去度假”;vacation同义词为holiday,意为“假期”。be on vacation“在度假”。
I want to go on vacation in Hainan this winter.今年冬天我想去海南度假。
They are on vacation at the seaside.他们正在海边度假。
2.buy意为“买，购买”，过去式为bought。buy后可接双宾语，即buy sb. sth=buy sth for sb.“给某人买某物”。
My father bought me a bike.=My father bought a bike for me.我爸爸给我买了辆自行车。
3.nothing much to do意为“没什么事可做”。There is nothing much to do,so I go to bed early.没什么事可做，因此我就早早睡觉。
nothing…but …意为“除……之外什么也没有；只有”。But后可接名词或动词原形。
I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning.我今天早上只喝杯茶。（名词）
I had nothing to do but watch TV.我无事可做，只有看电视。（动词原形）
4.decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。其否定形式为decide not to do sth.“决定不做某事”。
They decide to visit the museum.他们决定去参观博物馆。I decide not to buy a new car.我决定不买一辆新车了。
5.feel like“感觉像”。其后接从句。He feels like he is swimming.他感觉像在游泳一样。
feel like doing sth.=want to do sth.=would like to sth“想要做某事”
6.wonder=want to know“想知道”I wonder where he went.=I want to know where he went.我想知道他去哪儿。
7.enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”I enjoy reading books.我喜欢读书。
enjoy oneself=have a good time =have fun“玩得开心；过得愉快”
8.感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。主要有以下几种结构。
（1）What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
What an interesting book it is!多么有趣的一本书啊！
（2）What+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语！
What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花啊！
What fine weather it is today!今天天气多好啊！
（3）How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
How beautiful she is!她是多么漂亮啊！
How well he plays the piano!他钢琴弹得多么好啊！
9.wait for“等候”，其后可接人或物。He is waiting for you.他在等你。
10.because与because of意为“因为，由于”because后面接句子；because of后面接单词或短语。
He lost his job because of his age.由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
I didn’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.我没有买这件衬衫，因为它太贵了。
11.enough既可以用作形容词副词,又可用作名词
(1)enough 用作形容词时,意思是“足够的”,通常用来修饰名词 可放在该名词之前,也可放在该名词之后 We have enough time/time enough to do our homework. 我们有充足的时间做家庭作业
（2）enough 用作副词时,意为“足够地”“充分地”“相当地”及“很”等意思,修饰形容词副词或动词时,应放在这些词之后 The boy is old enough to go to school. 这孩子到上学的年龄了 I know him well enough. 我非常了解他
12.forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 Don't forget to close the door.不要忘记关上门．
forget doing sth忘记已经做过的事 I forget closing the door. 我忘记已经关上门了.
13.so…that…与such…that意均为“如此……以致于……”
（1）so…that用于以下句型：
so+形容词/副词+that…
This teacher is so kind that we all like him. 这个老师非常和谒，我们都喜欢他。
He ran so quickly that we all couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得很快，我们都追不上他。
so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that…
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
（2）such…that…用于以下句型：
such+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that…
This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that…
They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them. 这些书很有趣，我们都喜欢看。
14.come up“升起，发生”It gets hot after the sun come up.太阳升起来后，天就变热了。
15.Sometimes“有时”。同义短语为at times.
16.英语中的“一次”为once;“两次”为twice;“三次或三次以上”用“基数词+times”。
17.be free=have time“空闲的；有空的” I am free.=I have time.我有空。
18.more than=over“超过；多于”反义为less than”少于”。at least“至少”；反义为at most“最多”
19.not…at all“一点也不；根本不” I don’t know it at all.对那件事我一点也不知道。Not at all.“没关系，别客气”
20.the answers to…questions“……问题的答案/回答”answer后面一定要用介词to.类似的有the key to the door门上的钥匙
21.such as“例如；像……一样”，多用来列举同类人或事中的几个例子，such之前一般用逗号和其他部分隔开，后面直接加名词性短语。
There are many big cities in China,such as Beijing and Shanghai.中国有许多大城市，比如北京和上海。
22.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 go to the dentist去看牙医 by doing sth.通过做某事
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
go on vacation去度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山
go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营
quite a few相当多 study for为……而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间
taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 feel like给……的感觉；感受到
go shopping去购物 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走 because of因为
one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on继续
take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出来
buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物
taste + adj. 尝起来…… look+adj. 看起来……
nothing…but+动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有
seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来……
arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地
decide to do sth.决定去做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事
Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？
so+adj.+that+从句 如此……以至于……
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不
once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空
go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球
stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课
go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 be good for对……有好处 go camping去野营
not…at all一点儿也不…… in one’s free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的
such as比如；诸如old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医
morn than多于；超过 less than少于
help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事How about…? ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？
want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ ……有多少……?
主语+find+that从句. ……发现…… spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光
It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
by doing sth. 通过做某事 What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？
the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式
Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
more outgoing更外向as…as…与……一样……the singing competition唱歌比赛
be similar to与……相像的/类似的 the same as和……相同；与……一致 be different from与……不同
care about关心；介意be like a mirror像一面镜子 the most important最重要的
as long as只要；既然bring out使显现；使表现出 get better grades取得更好的成绩
reach for伸手取 in fact事实上；实际上make friends交朋友 the other其他的
touch one’s heart感动某人 be talented in music有音乐天赋
be good at擅长…… be good with善于与……相处
have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣be good at doing sth擅长做某事 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事
want to do sth.想要做某事as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与……一样……
It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。
形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较），修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really；2）比较级，表示“较……”或“更……”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词much,a lot,a little；3）最高级，表示“最……”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化：
构 成 方 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级
单音
节词
和部
分双
音节
词 一般在词尾加-er或-est high
short higher
shorter highest
shortest
以字母e词尾的词，加-r或-st late
fine later
finest latest
finest
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est hot
big
thin
fat hotter
bigger
thinner
fatter hottest
biggest
thinnest
fattest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加
-er或-est funny
easy
early
funnier
easier
earlier
funniest
easiest
earliest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加more或most beautiful
athletic
outgoing more beautiful
more athletic
more outgoing most beautiful
most athletic
most outgoing
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化：
原 级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far
farther（更远）
further（更深远） farthest(最远)
furthest（最深远）
as…(原级)as与……一样…… not as/so…as不如
Liming is as tall as Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom.
Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than
Unit4 What’s the best movie theater?
movie theater电影院close to…离……近 clothes store服装店 in town在镇上
so far到目前为止 10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程 talent show才艺表演
in common共同；共有 around the world世界各地；全世界 more and more……越来越……
and so on等等all kinds of……各种各样的 be up to是……的职责；由……决定
not everybody并不是每个人 make up编造（故事、谎言等） play a role in…在……方面发挥作用/有影响
for example例如 take…seriously认真对待 give sb. sth.给某人某物 come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到
Can I ask you some…?我能问你一些……吗？How do you like…?你认为……怎么样？
Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。
What do you think of…?你认为……怎么样? much+ adj./adv.的比较级 ……得多
watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事
play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色
one of+可数名词的复数 ……之一
Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?
think of认为 learn from从……获得；向……学习 find out查明；弄清楚 talk show谈话节目
game show游戏节目 soap opera肥皂剧 go on发生 watch a movie看电影 a pair of一双；一对
try one’s best尽某人最大努力 as famous as与……一样有名 have a discussion about就……讨论
one day有一天 such as例如 dress up打扮；梳理 take sb.’s place代替；替换
do a good job干得好 something enjoyable令人愉快的东西 interesting information有趣的资料
one of……之一look like看起来像around the world全世界a symbol of……的象征
let sb. do sth.让某人做某事plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事
happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect to do sth.盼望做某事 How about doing…?做……怎么样？
be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事
Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.
grow up成长；长大every day每天 be sure about对……有把握 make sure确信；务必
send…to…把……送到…… be able to能 the meaning of……的意思 different kinds of不同种类的
write down写下；记下 have to do with关于；与……有关系 take up开始做；学着做
hardly ever几乎不；很少 too…to…太……而不能……/太……以至于不能
be going to+动词原形 打算做某事 practice doing练习做某事 keep on doing sth.不断地做某事
learn to do sth.学会做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事promise to do sth.许诺去做某事
help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 remember to do sth.记住做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事
love to do sth.喜爱做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事
Unit7 Will people have robots?
on computer在电脑上 on paper在纸上live to do 200 years old活动200岁 free time空闲时间
in danger处于危险之中on the earth在地球上play a part in sth.参与某事space station太空站
look for寻找 computer programmer电脑编程员 in the future在未来 hundreds of许多；成百上千
the same…as…与……一样 over and over again多次；反复地get bored感到厌烦的
wake up醒来fall down倒塌
will+动词原形 将要做……
fewer/more+可数名词复数 更少/更多……
less/more+不可数名词 更少/更多……
have to do sth.不得不做某事
agree with sb.同意某人的意见
such+名词（词组） 如此……
play a part in doing sth. 参与做某事
There will be + 主语+其他 将会有……
There is/are +sb./sth.+doing sth.有……正在做某事
make sb. do sth.help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事
It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。
Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
milk shake奶昔 turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 pour…into…把……倒入……
a cup of yogurt一杯酸奶 a good idea好主意on Saturday在星期六cut up切碎
put…into…把……放入…… one more thing还有一件事 a piece of一片/张/段/首……
at this time在这时 a few一些；几个 fill… with…用……把……装满
cover…with…用……覆盖…… one by one一个接一个；逐个；依次 a long time很长时间
how many+可数名词复数 多少……how much+不可数名词 多少……
It’s time (for sb.)+to do sth. 到（某人）做某事的时间了
First…Next…Then…Finally 首先……接下来……然后…….最后……
want + to do sth.想要做某事 forget+to do sth.忘记去做某事 how + to do sth.如何做某事
need+to do sth.需要做某事make+宾语+形容词 使……怎样 let sb. +do sth.让某人做某事
Unit9 Can you come to my party?
on Saturday afternoon在周六下午prepare for为……做准备go to the doctor去看医生
have the flu患感冒 help my parents帮助我的父母come to the party来参加聚会
another time其他时间 last fall去年秋天 go to the party去聚会
hang out常去某处；泡在某处 the day after tomorrow后天 the day before yesterday前天
have a piano lesson上钢琴课 look after照看；照顾 accept an invitaton接受邀请
turn down an invitation拒绝邀请 take a trip去旅行 at the end of this month这个月末
look forward to盼望；期待the opening of… ……的开幕式/落成典礼 reply in writing书面回复
go to the concert去听音乐会 not…until直到……才
meet my friend会见我的朋友 visit grandparents拜访祖父母 study for a test为考试学习
have to不得不 too much homework太多作业 do homework做家庭作业
go to the movies去看电影 after school放学后 on the weekend在周末
invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
what引导的感叹句结构：What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！
What+adj.+名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！
help sb.（to）do sth.帮助某人做某事
be sad to do sth.做某事很悲伤
see sb. do sth. see sb.doing sth.
the best way to do sth.做某事最好的方式
have a surprise party for sb.为某人举办一个惊喜派对
look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事
reply to sth./sb.答复某事/某人
What’s today?今天是什么日子？ What’s the date today? What day is it today?
Unit10 If you go to the party,you’ll have a great time!
stay at home待在家里 take the bus乘公共汽车 tomorrow night明天晚上 have a class party进行班级聚会
half the class一半的同学 make some food做些食物 order food订购食物 have a class meeting开班会
at the party在聚会上potato chips炸土豆片，炸薯条 in the end最后 make mistakes犯错误
go to the party去参加聚会 have a great/good 玩得开心 give sb. some advice给某人提一些建议
go to college上大学 make（a lot of）money赚（许多）钱 travel around the world环游世界
get an education得到教育 work hard努力工作 a soccer player一名足球运动员 keep…to oneself保守秘密
talk with sb.与某人交谈 in life 在生活中 be angry at/about sth.因某事生气 be angry with sb.生某人的气
in the future在将来 run away逃避；逃跑 the first step第一步 in half分成两半
solve a problem解决问题 school clean-up学校大扫除
ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 give sb. sth.给某人某物
tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事 too…to do sth.太……而不能做某事
be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 advise sb. to do sth.劝告某人做某事
It’s best (not) to do sth.最好（不）做某事 need to do sth.需要做某事
新目标英语八年级上册第四单元教案（一）
How do you get to school？教案高青县教研室 刘林华 陈永兵 郭丽佳 Section A 完成任务所需词汇和句型： 1.words and phrases: subway take the subway train minute kilometer how far school bus by boat car bicycle 2.sentences: How do you get to school? I ride my bike/ walk to school. How does he/ she get to school? He/ She takes the bus. How long dies it take? It takes about forty minutes. How far is it from your home to school? It’s 3 miles. 活动任务一： 课前准备： 让学生搜集或绘制各种类型的交通工具的图片并标上英语单词。 课堂活动： 让学生展示自己搜集或绘制的有关交通工具的图片和英文单词。利用图片教学有关交通工具的英文单词。两人一组，一人出示图片，一人快速的说出相关的单词。然后做贴图游戏。在黑板上出示交通工具的'单词，分成两个大组，每组分别选派不同的代表，在规定的时间内，将图片贴在相对应的单词旁边，贴的数量多的小组获胜。 完成任务所需的词汇： subway train school bus boat car bicycle bus plane motorbike… 活动任务二： 四人一组，调查家庭成员上学或上班的方式。完成下列表格，先在小组内交流，然后选择几名学生在班内作汇报。 Members How do you/ does your father… go to school/go to work? Father Mother Sister or brother ** 完成任务所需要的词汇和句型： subway take the subway train school bus by boat car bicycle How do you get to school? How does your father/ mother/ sister/ brother go to work? 活动任务三： 四人一组，调查小组成员的上学方式及花费的时间。完成下表，先在小组内交流，然后每组选派代表在班内作汇报。 Name How How long 完成任务所需要的句型： How do you get to school? I ride my bike / walk to school. How long dies it take? It takes about forty minutes. 活动任务四： 听录音回答下面三个问题 Lin Fei’s home is about 10 kilometers from school. He gets up at six o’clock every day, showers, and has a quick breakfast. Then he leaves for school at around half past six. First, he rides his bike to the bus station. That takes about ten minutes. Then the early bus takes him to school. The bus ride usually takes about 25 minutes. 1.How does he get to school? 2.How long does it take? 3.How far is it from his home to school? Section B 活动任务五 就自己同学的上学情况或同学父母的上班情况作一次采访，完成下表，然后形成一篇报道，向全班同学汇报。 Name How to get to school How long How far 完成任务所需要的句型： How do you get to school? I ride my bike / walk to school. How long dies it take? It takes about forty minutes. How far is it from your home to school? It’s 3 miles. 活动任务六： 阅读3a的短文，完成下面表格，并且复述。 place How to get to school North America Japan Big cities of China Hongshanhu and Kaishandao Self Check 活动任务 七 Free talk Report your survey about your classmates in your group. 活动任务 八 1. Fill in the blanks with the words given. 2. Check the answers. 3. Make four sentences with each given word by using different people and places. 4.Pairwork Read the sentences that you made to your parts. 活动任务 九 1. Complete the conversation. 2. Pairwork Act out the conversation. 3. Act out Student A chooses student B by himself or herself, and then act out the conversation. Homework Survey and writing Survey your family members about the following questions, and fill in the chart. How do you get to work? How far do you live from the workplace? How long does it take to get to work? What do you think of the transportation in your town? Do you have any good idea for the transportation? Members Answers Father Mother Uncle Aunt OthersUnit 1.How often do you exercise?
I. 重点短语归纳：
on weekends 在周末
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after=take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skateboarding 去滑滑板
watch TV看电视
6. keep healthy=stay healthy = keep in good health 保持健康
keep + 形容词 表保持某种状态
do some reading 阅读
7. exercise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports锻炼
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. once a month一月一次
12. be different from 不同
13. twice a week一周两次.three times a week一周三次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
As teachers, you must believe that you can make a difference to the lives of your students.
身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够影响学生的一生。
A false step will make a great difference to my future.
错走一步对我的前程来说会产生很大影响。
15. how often 多久一次，询问动作发生的频率
how many times 多少次 ，用来提问做某事的次数
16. although=though虽然 <不能与but连用>
Although he is old, he is quite strong.
(He is old, but he is quite strong.)
句子中，有although或though就不可再用but，但可用yet或still“仍然，还”；有because就不能再用so.
17. most of the students=most students大多数学生
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course=certainly=sure当然
32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice 一些建议
some advice 中的 advice 是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议
give advice 提出建议 take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议
4. help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事=help sb with sth
35. a lot of vegetables=many vegetables许多蔬菜
36. hardly= almost not几乎不 hardly ever很少，几乎不，从不
37. keep/be in good health保持健康
38. your favorite program你最喜欢的节目
39. Animal World 动物世界
40. play soccer踢足球
41.every day 每天
every day 与 everyday
1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天7：10去上学。
I decide to read English every day.
我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么？
42.once or twice a week 每周一两次
43. three or four times a week 每周三四次
44. at Green High School 在格林高中
45. all students 所有的学生
46. most students 大多数学生
47. some students 一些学生
48. no students 没有学生
49.the result of a survey 调查结果
50.the result for “watch TV”“看电视”的调查结果
51. improve your English 提高你的英语
52. drink milk 喝牛奶
53. pretty healthy 相当健康 pretty adv. 相当，非常
Pretty（用作副词时） =rather=very=quite 非常，相当
54. kind of = a little 有点
I think I’m kind of unhealthy. 我想我有点不健康。
二. 重点句子：
1.How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month等。
How often do you go to the factory? Twice a week.你们多久到工厂去一次？ 每星期两次。
“How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”
2“What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。
翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.
What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.
3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.”
“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：
As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。
至于我自己，我现在不想去。As for myself, I don’t want to go now.
至于那个人，我什么都不知道。As for the man, I know nothing about him.
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：
Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？
The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。
有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语
ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
6. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是
介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：
It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里pretty相当于very 。
10.I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示
“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如:
You’d better try doing the experiment in another way.
你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级
13.Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?
＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours?
be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17. That sounds interesting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell
（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get
（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：
It tastes good. 这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。
18. I think I’m kind of unhealthy. 我想我有点不健康。
kind of = a little
a kind of 一种
三．知识结构
○1. 注意sometimes与几个形似的词的区别。
(1) sometime是副词，意为“在某个时候”，“某时”
Will you come again sometime next week?
(2) some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用
I will stay here for some time.我将在这呆一段时间。
(3) some times是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”
I met him some times in the street last month.
上个月我在街上遇到他好几次了。
（4）sometimes 是频度副词，意为“有时”
He sometimes goes skateboarding on weekends.
他有时周末去滑滑板。
○2 time意为“时间”时，为不可数名词。 意为“次数，倍数”时，为可数名词，
What time is it?
I go to the movies three times a week.
注意“次数”的表达方法
一次 once， 两次 twice，三次或三次以上用基数词加上times：
three times、five times、one hundred times.
表示“……几次”的表达方法是：
once a day/ a week/ a month/ a year
twice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year
○3 same与different
1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一个定冠词the，但是如果same前面已经有this，those等词，就不能再与the连用了。如：
We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。
结构：the same as 与......一样 如：
His mark is the same as mine. 他的分数和我的分数一样。
2.different译为“不同的”，其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如：
We are in different classes. 我们在不同的班级。
结构：be different from 与......不同 如：
This sweater is different from that one. 这件毛衣与那一件不同。
different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。
○4 hard / hardly
hard: hard既可作形容词，也可作副词。adj. 辛苦的，困难的 adv. 努力，使劲地
He had a hard (adj.)time in the past.
It's a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult) 这是一个难的问题。
The boy studies very hard (adv.). 那男孩学习非常努力
He works hard. 他努力工作。
句子结构：It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如：
It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。
注意区分：hard work 困难的工作
work hard 努力工作
hardly是频度副词，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容词、副词和动词之前。hardly: adv. 几乎不，简直不
I can hardly see it. 我几乎看不到它。
He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。
It hardly rains here, does it?
○5 how often / how long / how soon / how far
how often: “隔多久一次”，指动作的频率，答语常用often, never, twice a week等表示频率的副词或短语。（用于一般现在时或一般过去时）
How often do you go to the movies?
Once a week. / I never go to the movies.
how long: 1)“（延续）多长时间”，回答用for＋时间段或since＋时间点。（用于各种时态）；2) 询问物体的长度。
How long is the Yellow River?
How long have you learned English?
I have learned it for 5 years.
I have learned it since 5 years ago.
how soon: “还要多久才…，多久以后”，答语常用“in＋时间段”。（用于一般将来时）
How soon will she come back?
She’ll come back in an hour.
how far: “多远”，询问距离。
Can you tell me how far it is from here to your home?
How far is it from your home to our school?
It’s 2 kilometers away.
Ⅰ．应掌握的词组：
1．患感冒 2．背痛 3．齐头并进
4．胃痛 5．咽喉痛 6．躺下休息
7．看牙医 8．多喝水 9．加蜂蜜的热茶
10．好主意 11．多休息 12．我不知道
13．筋疲力尽 14．健康的生活方式 15．传统中医
16．阴阳调和 17．均衡的饮食 18．健康食品
19．保持健康 20．玩得高兴 21．练习做某事
22．介意做某事 23．完成某事 24．放弃做某事
25．忍不住做某事 26．坚持做某事 27此刻
28．东道家庭 29．会话练习
Ⅱ．应掌握的句子：
1．你怎么了？我得了重感冒。
2．他怎么了？他胃痛。
3．魏芳怎么了？她背痛。
4．或许你应该看牙医。
5．李平应该躺下休息。
6．我们不应该上课吃东西。
7．我希望你很快好起来。
8．传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和保持身体健康。
9．我相信每天晚上睡眠8个小时很重要。
10．吃均衡饮食以保持健康。
11．吃一些水果对你的健康有好处。
12．太紧张易怒的人或话吃了太多的阳性食物。
13．有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。
14．学好英语不是很容易的。
15．我们进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。
16．他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。
17．这段时间我感觉不大好。
18．我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。
19．我很容易紧张，因为普通话没有长进。
20．医生叫他戒烟。
21．请把窗户关上好吗？
22．在这里吸烟你介意吗？
23．尽管天在下雨，他们仍然坚持工作。
24．听到此事我很难过。
I．应掌握的词组：
1．长头发 2．比较外向 3．正如你所看到的
4．在某些地方/方面 5．看起来一样 6．看起来不同
7．……和……是一样的 8．经常参加聚会 9．高一点
10．从某处拿/取出某物 11．将某物放入某物中 12．列出清单
13．穿漂亮的衣服 14．在学校受欢迎 15．擅长体育
16．使我发笑 17．对我来说并不重要 18．举起，抬起
19．相反的观点 20．小学生 21．善于与孩子相处
22．喜欢讲笑话 23．互相帮助 24．在业余时间
25．……其中之一 26．使用……做…… 27．为某事感到同情或难受
28．从……开始 29．向某人道歉 30．因…而著名
31、总计，总共 32．让/ 使某人做某事
II．应该掌握的句子
1．我每天骑车去上学，丽莎也一样。
2．蒂姆会打篮球，我也会。
3．我有点感冒，不过并不严重。
4．篮球和游泳是他的两个受好。
5．我觉得更糟糕了。
6．刘英不如她姐姐体育好。
7．上海的天气比北京的天气热。
8．长江是中国最长的河流
9．正如你所知，英语比数学有趣的多。
10．在某些方面我不如我的朋友好。
11．我妹妹的书包和我的一样。
12．他比我更擅长篮球。
13．我俩都很外向
14．我俩昨天都去那个聚会了。
15．这里是我的孪生兄弟的照片。给你。
16．你没必要一直呆在这里。
17．我喜欢交和我一样的朋友。
18．你认为谁该得到这份工作。
Ⅰ。应掌握的词组：
1．到校 2．乘地铁 3．骑自行车
4．坐父母的车 5．迅速吃早饭 6．早班车
7．带某人到某处 8．公共汽车站 9．步行上学
10．在北美 11．在世界的其他地区 12．依靠。。。决定
13．不是所有的 14．世界各地 15．离开前往
16．少量学生 17．乘校车去上学
Ⅱ。应掌握的句子:
1． 你们如何去上海？我乘飞机去，他坐火车去。
2． 去游泳怎么样？
3． 我通常步行，但有时坐公共汽车。
4． 你需要多长时间到校？步行大约10分钟，乘汽车15 分钟。
5． 建造这座桥工人们将花费一年多的时间。
6． 从地球到月球有多远？大约38万公里远。
7． 我们学校到公园大约7 公里。
8． 他们把李平送到医院。
9． 老师想知道她住的离学校有多远。
10．你对你们镇的交通认为怎么样？
11．小部分学生喜欢在雨天作运动。
12．在中国还要看你住那里
13．在北美地区，不是所有的学生都乘公共汽车上学。
14．在有河流和湖泊的地区，学生们通常乘船上学。
15．那一定要比乘公共汽车有趣的多。
16．在中国，自行车和公共汽车是常用的交通工具。
17．在日本，上学的主要交通工具是：公共汽车、火车和自行车。
18．我有许多信件要写。
19．说汉语人的数量要大于说英语人的数量。
20．他现在一定在学校。
21．他一定知道这个问题的答案。
22．你住的地方离超市有多远？
23．他生病住院了。
24．别担心，6路车可以带你去火车站。
25．他每天步行去上学。
26．每天乘车去学校要花费我半小时的时间。
Ⅰ应掌握的词组：
1．照顾妹妹 2．看望奶奶 3．去买东西
4．去运动野营 5．去海滩 6．和朋友们一起度过时光
7．去徒步远足 8．去观光 9．骑自行车旅行
10．多长时间 11．多远 12．多长时间一次
13．出示某物给某人看 14．把杯子递给我 15．回来
16．租借影碟 17．去散步 18．考虑
19．考虑后决定 20．某些不同的事情 21．一个愉快的假期
22．我等不及了 23．激动人心的假期 24．向某人询问某事
25．忘记要做某事 26．忘记做过某事
Ⅱ应掌握的句子:
1． 周末他要做什么？他要划滑板。
2． 王林要和谁一起去观光？他要和他的朋友们一起去。
3． 他们假期要做什么？他们要在家里放松放松。
4． 你要在香港呆多长时间？只呆4天，我不喜欢离开太长时间。
5． 我们返回学校时，你把照片拿给我看。
6． 你要去哪度假？我要去夏威夷度假。
7． 我要在12月去夏威夷度假，在那呆3个月。
8． 那部电视剧怎么样？
9． 我可以问你一些有关你假期计划的问题吗？
10．他考虑去希腊或西班牙，但是最后决定去加拿大。
11．我听说加拿大风景优美，而且我知道那里有很多人说法语。
12．他将在6月的第一个星期动身，一直呆到9月。
13．我计划在美丽的乡村度过这段时间。
14．你离开时，请别忘记关门。
15．他迫不及待的想回家看望父母。
16．我听说泰国是一个观光游览的好多方。
17．他星期二动身去香港。
18．你要和谁一起去巴黎？
19．他每星期要帮他婶婶看一次孩子。
20．你计划买那部新车吗？
21．他决定最后给他的妈妈一条围巾。
22．请不要离开的太久。
23．他从不考虑他的病。
24．有空来我家吧。
Ⅰ．应掌握的词组：
1．参加某人的聚会 2．在星期六的下午 3．我非常乐意
4．为测验而学习5．去看医生 6．上一堂钢琴课
7．太多家庭作业 8．也许下一次吧 9．有趣得多
10．谢谢邀请 11．参加棒球比赛 12．生日聚会
13．寻找 14．弄清楚 15．和我一起打网球
16．给某人打电话 17．在星期四的晚上 18．在9月1日的早晨
19．加入某人一起 20．保持安静 21．足球比赛
Ⅱ．应掌握的句子：
1．你能在星期三来参加我的聚会吗？对不起，我不能去，我得帮助我的父母。
2．星期四他们能和我一起去看电影吗？不能，他们有太多的作业要做。
3．我能用一下您的钢笔吗？当然可以。
4．今天晚上你准备做什么？没什么事。
5．感谢你照顾我妹妹。
6．这件外套太小，请再给我拿一件。
7．这儿有两根尺子，一根很短，另一根很长。
8．吉姆和杰克在教室里看书，其他学生在活动。
9．我去查一下火车什么时候到。
10．我们俩都必须学好英语。
11．星期三我要和校球队一起打网球。
Ⅰ应掌握的词组：
1．去看电影 2．照顾 3．上网
4．健康的生活方式、5．去滑滑板 6．保持健康
7．锻练 8．饮食习惯 9．做更多的运动
10．与什么相同 11．一月一次 12．与……不同
13．一周两次 14．对什么积极 15．多久一次
16．大多数学生 17．去购物 18．至于
19．活动调查 20．做家庭作业 21．做家务事
22．吃更少的肉 23．垃圾食物 24．对什么有益
25．对什么有害 26．想做某事 27．想某人做某事
28．尽量做某事 29．放学回家 30．当然
31．取得好成绩 32．帮助某人做某事 33．许多蔬菜
34．几乎不 35．保持健康
Ⅱ应掌握的句子:
1. 你们多久到工厂去一次? 每星期两次
2. 他多久去购一次物? 两周一次.
3. 周末他通常做什么? 他通常踢足球.
4. 他每周上两三次网.
5. 我不知道足球比赛的结果
6. 至于那个人, 我什么都不知道.
7. 他们中的大多数人每周去公园一到两次
8. 老师不想让我们吃汉堡包
9. 她的裙子和Mary的一样。
10. 为了提高你的英语，你能做些什么？
11. 多读书对我们有好处。
12. 在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。
13. 你每晚上睡沉几个小时？
14. 我的饮食习惯相当好。
15. 请尽量在3点前完成这项工作。
16. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
17. 尽管天在下雨，可孩子们仍然在操场上踢足球。
18. 多吃水果可以帮助你保持健康。
19. 他积极参与体育活动。
20. My healthy life style helps me get good grades .
新目标八年级英语上册第一单元复习题
Class Name No.
练习(十二)(2017-06-11)
Unit1-5要点归纳
要点归纳1
某人拥有VS某地存在（有）某物: People will have robots in the near future.
People是主语，位于动词之前
There will be robots working in factories. Robots是主语，位于动词之后
若写成Robots will be working in factories.在意义不表示“将会有”的意思。
翻译下列句子：
There will be more birds singing in the trees in ten years.
There will be less pollution in the river after fewer factories.
There will be more free time.
区别下列句子：
A -----I will be an engineer in ten years. Be here means become
B-----There will be an engineer in my family in ten years. Be here means exist
C----These（robots）will be in every home. Be here means “come true”
某地存在（有）某物句型的疑问、否定、肯定回答和否定回答。
There will be more birds singing in the trees in ten years.
改写为疑问句______ ______ be more birds singing in the trees in ten years?
作肯定回答 Yes,______ _______.
否定回答 No,_____ ______.
There will be less pollution in the river after fewer factories.
改为疑问句_____ ______ be less pollution in the river after fewer factories?
There will be more free time.改为否定句 There ______ be more free time
要点归纳2
情态动词 can, may, might, could,would and should等。
Might ,could ,would, should 四个情态动词既是may,can,will,shall的过去时，又不表示过去时，而是情态动词，要同实意动词连用，常用的还有must ,needn’t,can’t. might 表示 小于50%的可能性，could 表示一种客气的请求， would 表示有礼貌的邀请，should 表示应当，该。
典型考题区别：
He can speak several languages. He is able to swim across the river, though it is flooded.
-------Could you tell me where Center Street _______(is was)?
-------Sorry, I ________(couldn’t can’t).
I would like you to come to my house.
(Should Would) you mind my invitation? 邀请的，委婉的说法
常用的还有Why not ______( come to come) to my house?
Should 常用于提出建议
You _________(should would) say you’re sorry.
Maybe you ______(could should) give him a ticket to a ball game. could 用于劝说更委婉（潜在的意思是“这不就和解了。”） （refer to page11 课文句子改写）
You ______(should would）be ashamed of yourself. 语气坚决，应该
You ________(wouldn’t shouldn’t) tell lies.含有责备，不应当
It ___(should might) be easy.表示期待某事发生或对某事进行推断Might only means not sure
要点归纳3
当心句末的时间词,用时髦的话说是标志词
前面有Look, -------. Listen,---------. 我们知道后面的句子要用“现在正在进行时”
Look, mom is driving her new car. Listen, something strange is happening outside.
当心后面的时间词 at that time,at 8 o’clock yesterday when引导过去时间的动作，（有时也可以引导过去进行时。）
while可以引导过去正在进行时，如： page19 2b改写句子
1 The boy was walking down the street when suddenly a UFO landed.
When 引导的动作突然插入到前面正在进行的动作之中，
3 While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
外星人正在买纪念品，乘此时间，另一个动作发生了。
P20 4 A: What were you doing at nine o’clock last Sunday morning?
B: I was sleeping at that time.
4. The girl was shopping when the alien got out. While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.
when 与while区分：
（1）“当...的时候”，如后面连接的动词为进行时态，则用while多于用when。而when通常与瞬间性动词或延续性不强的动词连用。
（2）如果while前后的动词都是进行时态，while可译为“与此同时”
I was reading while my brother was drawing. （含有对比而非转折）
（3）当while前后的句子描述的情况相对或相反，while可译为“而”，while更强调并列的对比而非转折。
e.g. I am out-going while my sister is quiet and shy.
总之，when表示做某种动作的时间或瞬间，由其引导的时间状语的时态如果是一般过去时，其主句通常要用过去进行时。while表示略长的一段时间，由其引导的时间状语从句用过去进行时，而主句时态根据实际情况而定。
过去进行时的用法
过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成。表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。其用法有：
1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：
I was doing my homework at eight o’clock last night. 昨晚八点我正在做作业。
2. 表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。如：
They were building a house last winter. 去年冬天他们在建一座房子。
3. 表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作。常与always等词连用。如：
Little Tom was always asking many questions. 小汤姆总是会问许多的问题。
4. 动词come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。如：They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 他们想知道我们什么时候去上海。
过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较：
一般过去时强调过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过的某个已结束的动作；过去进行时则强调过去某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：
Lily wrote a letter to her aunt last night. 莉莉昨晚给她阿姨写了封信。(信已写完了。)
Lily was writing a letter to her aunt last night. 莉莉昨晚一直在给她阿姨写信。(强调写的动作一直在进行，信不一定写完。)课文的例句很多，可以仿造练习。
要点归纳4
本单元重点解决陈述句的间接引语。（预备知识: 1 陈述句 2 疑问句 3 祈使句。对于初上讲台的教师，要懂得铺垫这些知识的重要性。）
把直接引语变成间接引语，中英文存在很大的差异，夸张地说是“牵一发而动全身”。
直接引语和间接引语
直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语
从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said， asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。
1.陈述句的间接引语 陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。
参见课文例句page 27
“I am not mad at Marcia anymore.” Lana told us. “我不再对Marcia生气了。” Lana说。
→Lana told us that she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore. Lana说她不再对Marcia生气了。
Marcia said to everyone, “I am not going to have the surprise party.”
Marcia对每一个人说：“我不打算开一个惊喜晚会。”
→Marcia told everyone that she wasn’t going to have the surprise party.
Marcia对每一个人说她不打算开一个惊喜晚会。
要点归纳5
If 的用法 例句： What will happen if they have the party tomorrow?如果他们明天开晚会，将会发生什么？
If you become a professional athlete,you’ll be able to-------如果你成了专业运动员，你就将能够------
当if 引导条件状语从句时，表示“如果”时，必需要用现在时态替代将来时，类似还有连词as long as unless before while when if once the moment as soon as
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow, if it rains tomorrow,I won’t go camping with you.前面的if表示是否，用将来时态，后面的 if 才表示条件。
翻译下列句子：
1 如果你不马上走的话，你就会迟到。..
2 你看医生之前，什么东西都不可以吃。
3 你们不来，我们不会出发。
4 在汤姆回来前，我不会告诉你的。
5 没洗手前，别吃东西。
要点归纳6
在差异中学习(找一找规律)尝试一下倒过来翻译：
Unit1
live on a space station_________________ live in an apartment with my best friends _______________
people in the future _________________ do the same things as us _______________
be fun to watch_______________ There will be more robots everywhere._______________
Look for people under buildings___________________
Unit2
Stay at home every night _________________ talk about it on the phone _________________
write a letter to him___________________ Borrow some money from sb. ____________
Has the same haircut as I do ______________ advice for sb. ___________
plan sth. For sb. ______________ What to do __________
everyone else _________ be popular at school __________
Lots of things you could do _____________
Unit3
at ten o’clock in the morning ________________ a cat in a tree ___________
buy sth at the train station_____________ running with another dog________________________
events in history__________
Unit4
What was happening outside ______________ got really mad at ___________
get over it ___________ students in a poor mountain village _________
teach in rural areas ___________ 2,000 meters above sea level ___________
life in the mountain____________ no difference between you and them _________________
a good start in life ___________ doctors without borders _____________
sick people in poor countries ___________
Unit5
The rules for school parties ___________ old people’s home visit _________-
children’s hospital visit ____________ A friend of my father’s ____________
a map of the world ___________ Nothing in the world__________
what on earth__________ first of all__________
扩展练习
一、选择(15%)
( ) 1. Her parents will come back ________________ two weeks.
A. after B. next C. in D. later
( ) 2. Things will get better in the future, we will have _______ cars and __________ pollution.
A. less, more B. fewer, less C. more, more D. less, fewer
( )3. My brother doesn’t like skating. I don’t like it, ________________.
A. too B. also C. either D. as well as
( )4. They are good friends , but sometimes they ______each other .
A. argue of B. argue C. argue to D. argue with
( )5. I ______ it everywhere , but I didn’t _____ it .
A . looked for , looked for B. looked for , find C. found , looked for D. find , look for
( )6. The boy is ______to go to school .
A. enough old B. enough young C. old enough D. young enough
( )7.Please show me the ticket ______the concert
A. of B. for C. to D .on
( )8.I need to get some money to _____the summer camp .
A . pay on B. pay in C. pay with D. pay for
( )9. Uncle Wang sits _______ me. He’s the driver.
A. in front B. in the front C. in front of D. in the front of
( )10. He was watching TV _______ his son was doing his homework.
A. while B. when C. during D. after
( )11. They are talking about something _______ the telephone.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
( )12. I ________ he ________ go there by himself.
A. think; won’t B. don’t think; will C. don’t think; is D. think; isn’t going to
( )13. Mary _______ my umbrella and she didn’t ________ it yet.
A. borrow; return B. borrowed; return C. borrow; return back D. borrowed; return back
( )14. I’m waiting for my friend. __________, I will go swimming alone.
A. If he doesn’t come B. I f he won’t come C. If he will come D. If he is coming
( )15.A strong wind will arrive in Harbin. It will __________ much rain.
A. bring B. take C. carry D. get
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。（5分）
1．My father was reading while I _______(do) my homework.
2 If the rain .______ (stop) we will go for a walk.
3 I often saw her _______(carry) water for Grandma Li.
4．He is tone of the greatest _______ (play).
5．He said I ______(do) better in history.
三、完型填空（10%）
A generous gap(代沟) has become a serious problem. I read a 1 about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed themselves after 2 with parents. I think this is because they don’t often have a talk with each other. Parents now 3 more time in the office, 4 they don’t have much time to stay with their children. As times passes, they both feel that they don’t have the __5 topic(题目) to talk about. I want to tell parents to be more with your 6 , get to know them and 7 them. And for children, show your 8 to your parents. They are the people who love you. So 9 them your thoughts. In this way, you 10 have a better understanding of each other.
( ) 1.A. message B. call C. report D. letter
( ) 2. A. talk B. argue C. fight D. play
( ) 3. A. spend B. stay C. work D. have
( ) 4. A. because B. if C. but D. so
( ) 5. A. interesting B. same C. true D. good
( ) 6. A. business B. children C. work D. office
( ) 7. A. get on well with B. look after C. understand D. love
( ) 8. A. interest B. secret C. trouble D. feelings
( ) 9. A. tell B. ask C. answer D. say
( ) 10. A. can B. should C. must D. would
四、补全对话，从方框中选出适当的句子，完成对话。(10分)
M: Why do you look unhappy these days?
W: Because (1)
M: Are you serious? (2)
W: I don’t care about the scores, but I haven’t found out (3), which has troubled me a lot.
M: (4)
W: Yes, I spent the whole weekend on my lessons.
M: You’d better (5)
五、阅读 (20%)
A
Expert(专家) say that students usually need eight to ten hours’ sleep at night, but most Chinese students do not get enough sleep. Some Chinese parents are usually glad to see their children studying late. They will think their children work very hard, but not all parents are happy about this. Once a mother told us tat every morning her 10-year-old boy put up one finger (手指)with his eyes still closed, begging(请求) for one more minute to sleep. Like thousands of students “ early birds” in China, he has to get up before six every morning.
A report shows that without a good night’s sleep, students seem to be weaker (虚弱)than they should be. Many students have fallen asleep during class at one time or another. Too much homework is not the only reason why students stay up late. Some watch TV or play the computer games late into the night.
Experts have ever said that the students should develop good study habits. So some clever students never study last, they are able to work well in class.
( ) 1. The 10-year-old boy begged for more minute to sleep because__________
A. he didn’t have enough sleep B. it wasn’t time for him to get up
C. he didn’t want to go to school D. he wanted his mother to wake him up
( ) 2. In this passage we know if students don’t get enough sleep, they may________
A. become too weak to sleep B. not work well in class
C. go to bed early D. be weak in English
( )3. In this passage “early birds” means “persons who ______________”
A. get up early B. get up late C. sleep less D. don’t want to sleep
( )4. “Stay up late” here means “_____________”
A. study late B. watch TV late C. not go to bed until late D. stay outside
( )5. According to the passage, which of the following is right?_________
A. If you want to study better, you must work hard at night.
B. Sleeping less means working hard.
C. Some clever students are able to work well in class because they have good study habits.
D. Students don’t have enough sleep because they have lots of homework to do.
B
Life in the future will be different from life today. Between then and now many changes will happen. But what will the changes be?
The population (人口) is growing fast. There will be many people in the world and most of them will live longer than people live now.
Computers will be much smaller and more useful, and there will be at least (至少) one in every room. And computer studies will be one of the important subjects in schools then. People will work fewer hours than they do now and they will have more free time for sports, watching TV and travel. Traveling will be much cheaper and easier. And many more people will go to other countries for holidays.
There will be changes in our food, too. More land will be used for building new towns and houses for all the people. Then there will be less room for cows and sheep, so meat will be more expensive. Maybe no one will eat it every day. Instead they will eat more fruit and vegetables. Maybe people will be healthier. Work in the future will be different, too. Robots will do dangerous and hard work. Because of this, many people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem.
1. In the future there will be _______.
A. much more fruit B. more people C. less vegetables D less people
2. Every family will have at least a _____________ in the future.
A. robot B. cow C. TV set D. computer
3. In the future people don’t have to __________________
A. work long hours B. work fast C. walk on foot D. eat meat
4. People may not eat _________ as much as they do today.
A. fruit B. fish C. meat D. rice
5. One big problem in the future is that ___________.
A. many people don’t have to work B. many people will not be able to find work
C. people have to work fast D. all the work will be done by robots
六、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with right words.（读短文，用适当的词填空）
The world we live on a big .big (1) _ ball, it’s turning all the (2) _ , but you can’t see or __(3) __ this turning. There are others, (4) _. But the one we live on is called the Earth. It is made of soiland rock, tree and grass, air and water, and all the (5) things around you.
The sun _ (6) on the earth , the rain (7) on it , the wind (8) over it. The sun shines on you , the rains falls on you and the wind blows you (9) .You live on the earth, and everything (10) you is part of it.
1、r 2、g 3、b 4、b 5、d
6、d 7、f 8、b 9、w 10、a
七、书面表达10%
请描述David昨天一天的活动。
要求： 1、请使用以下短语。2、请使用过去进行时。3、每件事用一句话表达。4、可以补充其它词或短语。
1.go to school with Peter（7：00） 2. study English (8：00-9：00)
3.have lunch (at school)（12：00） 4. buy a dictionary (1：15)
5.go to the library（2：40） 6. cut his hair（4：30）
7.take a shower (6：45) 8. take a walk (7:10)
1．
2．
3．
4．
5．
要点归纳5Keys
1 If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late.
2 If you are ill, you’ll have to see the doctor.
You mustn’t eat anything until you see the doctor.= You mustn’t eat anything before you see the doctor.
3 We won’t start until you come.
4 I won’t tell you until Tom comes back.
5 Don’t eat until you wash your hands
要点归纳6Keys
Unit1
live on a space station 在太空站生活
live in an apartment with my best friends 同我最好的朋友们住在公寓里
people in the future 未来的人们 do the same things as us 同我们做相同的事情
be fun to watch 观看起来趣味盎然There will be more robots everywhere.到处将会有更多的机器人
Look for people under buildings寻找建筑物下的人们
Unit2
Stay at home every night 每晚逗留在家talk about it on the phone 在电话上谈论它
write a letter to him 给他写一封信 borrow some money from sb. 从某人那儿借一点钱
Has the same haircut as I do同我的发型一样 advice for sb. 给某人的忠告
plan sth.for sb.为某人计划某事 what to do 去做什么
everyone else 别的每一个人be popular at school 在学校很受人欢迎
Lots of things you could do 你可以做的许许多多的事情
Unit3
At ten o’clock in the morning 在早晨10点钟 a cat in a tree 在树上的一只猫
buy sth at the train station在火车站卖东西
running with another dog同另外一只狗奔跑 events in history历史上的大事件
Unit4
What was happening outside 外面正在发生着什么 got really mad at 对---真正发狂
get over it （自己）把作业做掉 students in a poor mountain village 在贫困山区村庄的学生们
teach in rural areas在郊区教书 2,000 meters above sea level 海拔高于2，000米
life in the mountain山区的生活 no difference between you and them他们和你之间没有区别
a good start in life 生活中的良好开端doctors without borders 无国界的医生
sick people in poor countries 穷国的病人
Unit5
The rules for school parties 学校晚会的规定 old people’s home visit 参观敬老院
children’s hospital visit 参观儿童医院travel around the world 环球旅行
crazy enough 足够的疯狂 everybody else 别的每一个人
a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友 a map of the world 世界地图
nothing in the world 根本没有什么东西 what on earth 究竟是什么
first of all 首先（在所有当中顺序排第一）
一. CBCDB CCDCB BBBAC
二.1.was doing 2.stops 3.carry. 4.players 5.did
三.CBADB BADAD
四.DBACE
五.ABACC BDACB
六.1.round 2.time 3.feel 4.too 5.other
6.shines 7.falls 8.blows 9.over 10.around
引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
1.时态变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）
过去进行时 过去进行时（不变）
can could
may might
must must/ had toeg:
“l like English very much,”he said.
他说：“我很喜欢英语。”
→He said that he liked English very much.
He said, “It would rain soon.”
他说：“很快就会下雨。”
→He said that it would rain soon.
注意：
[1] 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变：
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
The teacher said to us,”Knowledge is power.“老师对我们说：“知识就是力量”
→The teacher told us that knowledge is power.
[2]直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. ”John, where were you going when I met you in the street?“→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
[3]直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. ”I was born on April 2l, 1980。“ →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
[4]直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, ”I get up at six every morning。“ →He said he gets up at six every morning。
[5]如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. ”You had better come have today。“ →Peter said I had better go there that day。
(6)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
He said, ”I’m a boy, not a girl.“
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(7)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
He said to me, ”I have taught English since he came here .“
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
2.时间状语的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语也要作相应的变动。
直接引语 间接引语
now 现在 then 那时；当时
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上
this week 本周 that week 上周
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 前两天
two days ago 两天前 three days before 三天前
last week 上周 the last week 前一周
tomorrow 明天 the next day 第二天
next week 下周 the next week 第二个星期
eg:
He said,”l'm sleeping now .“他说：“我现在在睡觉。”
→He said that he was sleeping then.
3、如何变人称：
下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. ”My brother wants to go with me. “→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. ”How is your sister now?“→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。 ”Jack is a good worker。“→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
4.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。
指示代词 this ---that these--- those
表地点的词 here --there
动词 bring -- takecome –go
5.语序变化
疑问句一律使用陈述句语序，不能使用疑问句语序。
6.各类句子由直接引语变间接引语的方法
1).当直接引语为陈述句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，跟在引述的动词之后（that也可以省略）。eg:
She said :”My sister doesn't want to come here.“她说：“我妹妹不愿意来这。”
→She said that her sister didn't want to go there .
She said, ”I am very happy to help you.“→
She said that she was very happy to help you.
She said, “I am very happy to be with you.” →She said (that) she was very happy to be with me.
He said,“I will choose a book for my students.” →He said(that)he would choose a book for his students.
2). 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如：
He asked me, ”Do you like playing football?“→
He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come?”→He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would come.
注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：
She asked me whether he could do it or not.
He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
She asked me whether or not he could do the work. / She asked me whether he could do the work or not.
3). 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：
My sister asked me, ”How do you like the film?“→
My sister asked me how I liked the film.
My sister asked me, “How do you like the play?”→My sister asked me how I liked the play.
Tom asked me, “Who is the boy over there?”→Tom asked me, “Who was the boy over there?”
4).当直接引语为祈使句时，变为间接引语的方法是：使用ask / tell / order sb. to do sth. 这一结构进行转换，若祈使句为否定式则用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth., 其中ask, tell, order 的选择要根据句子的语气而定。ask(委婉语气)，tell(一般语气)，order (命令语气)或warn, advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成. 例如：
The captain ordered, ”Be quiet.“→
The captain ordered us to be quiet.
He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.”→He asked me to go there again the next day.
“Be careful with the dog.”→He warned me to be careful with the dog.
”Get up early tomorrow , Bill,“he said. 他说：“比尔，明天早点起床。”
→He told Bill to get up early the next day.
注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。
My teacher asked me, ”Don't laugh.“→
My teacher asked me not to laugh.
直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：
He said, ”Let’s go to the film.“ →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如：
He said, ”Let’s go to the theatre.“
→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.
(2) ”Would you mind opening the window?“ he asked.
→He asked me to open the window.
”Why don’t you take a walk after supper?“ he asked .
→he advised me to take a walk after supper.
”Shall we listen to the music?“ he asked.
→He suggested listening to the music.
5).直接引语如果是感叹句，改为间接引语时，改成用疑问代词what或疑问副词how引导的宾语从句。也可以改为that引导的从句。e.g.
He said to me ,”What a beautiful park it is.“
→ He told me what a beautiful park it was.
或 He told me that the park was quite beautiful.
（附加资料）.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure等。
（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。
She said, ”Do you often come here to read newspapers?“
→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me , ”You have seen the film, haven’t you?“
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked him, ”Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?“
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked , ”Where do you live?“
→He asked me where I lived.
把下列间接引语改为直接引语
1.He said he didn't like that book.
2.She asked if/whether I knew the teacher's name.
3.Tge teacher told/asked us not to play football in that room.
4.Mary asked me to lock the door when I left .
5.The teacher said the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
6.He asked how I had finished my job the day before.
7.Mother said (that) I ought to clean the room that day.
8.He said he had been there before I went.
9.She asked when my father would go fishing .
10.He asked me if /whether I wanted to join them.
Unit 2 what’s the matter?
一．重点短语归纳
1. foot---feet 脚 <复>tooth---teeth 牙齿 <复>
2. have a cold 感冒
3. have a stomachache 胃疼
4. have a sore back背疼
5. have a sore throat喉咙疼
6. have a fever发烧
7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息
8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶
9. see a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor 看医生
10.drink lots of water多喝水
11.lots of ,a lot of, a lot
a lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：
There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library.
There is a lot of water on the ground
a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思； Thanks a lot.
12. have a toothache牙疼
13. That’s a good idea好主意
14. go to bed 去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉
15. feel well感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服
I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well
我感觉不舒服.
16. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事
TO DO 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情
DOING是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。
17. two days ago两天前
18. get some rest 多休息, 休息一会儿
19. I think so我认为是这样
20. be thirsty口渴
21. be hungry 饥饿
22. be stressed out紧张
23. listen to music听音乐
24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
25. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
26. need to do sth 需要做某事
I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛, 我需要去看牙医.
We need to keep our classroom clean. 我们需要保持教室的干净.
27. a balance of yin and yang阴阳平衡
28. for example例如
29. too much yin太多的阴, 阴气太盛
too much + 不可数名词 太多的…
much too +形/副 实在太… 极其，非常
too many + 可数名词复数 太多的…
30.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 ，对什么有好处
be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害
be good to 对…好
be good at =do well in 在……方面好，擅长
be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法
1.be good for 对......有益
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.
做早操对你们的建康有益。
2.be good at 擅长于......
Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅长于篮球。
= Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅长于打篮球。
be good at = do well in 如：
I'm good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅长于数学。
3.be good to 对......好
Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。
31.get good grades 取得好成绩
32.angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的气
I was angry with him for keeping me waiting. 我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。
be angry at/ about sth 就某事生气
33.Chinese medicine 中药
34.be popular in + some place 在某地很流行
Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries. 现在中药在许多西方国家受欢迎。
35.in western countries在西方国家
36.It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。 It’s important to do sth . 做某事很重要。
37.balanced diet平衡饮食
38.get tired 感到疲倦 be/get tired
39.go out at night在晚上出去
When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night. 疲倦时，晚上你不该外出
40.stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health
41.at the moment此时，此刻= now
I’m not feeling very well at the moment
42.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
enjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun
43. conversation practice会话练习
44. host family 寄宿家庭
45. have a lot of headaches经常疼痛
I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。
46. a few + 可数名词复数 少许…
a little + 不可数名词/形/副 一点…
47.He shouldn’t eat anything
=He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.
48.give sb some advice给某人建议give advice 提出建议
advice 是不可数名词
a piece of advice 一则建议 take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议
He gave me some good advice.
他向我提了一些很好的意见。
49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时
50.take medicine 吃药 服药
I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。
二 固定结构
It’s +形 + for sb. + to do sth.
做某事对某人来说是…的。
It’s important to do sth .做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.
It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的
三．重点句子
1.What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？
=What’s the trouble with you?=What’s wrong with you?
I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache
2.That’s too bad. You should / shouldn’t … 那太糟糕了. 你应该/不该…
You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .
He shouldn’t eat anything = He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.
3.I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替
I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.
4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么时候开始的？大约两天前
5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来
这里better是well的比较级
6.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。
这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语
7.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. 你应该吃一些像牛肉之类的阳性食物。
8.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.
吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。
9.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。too much后跟不可数名词，而too many后跟可数名词复数
10.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . 有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。
→ It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要
11.You should rest for a few nights. 你应该休息几个晚上
12.I study late every night, sometimes until 2 am, but I don’t think I’m improving.
我每天晚上学到很晚，有时到凌晨2点钟，但我认为我没有提高。
13believe in 信任某人，强调品质，believe sb.相信某人的话
I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。
14 .I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist .
→ need意思为 “需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为needn’t(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化
四．知识结构
○1.情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为”应该......“。
should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg. You should wait a little more.
你应该再多等一会儿。
--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。
--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。
○2maybe与may be
1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：
Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如：
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师
○3too many,too much与much too
1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：
There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。
2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：
We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。
3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：
The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.
箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。
○4 few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系：
1.few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示有肯定意思， 有几个。 例如：
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
2.little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。
a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。 例如：
There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？
○5 not…until 直到 …(否定句) 才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词
She didn’t leave until we came.
He went shopping after he got up.
=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.
……until/till 直到 （肯定句）动词为延续性动词
We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
一．重点短语归纳
1. go camping 去野营
2. go shopping 去购物
3. go skateboarding 去滑滑板
4. go swimming 去游泳
5. go boating 去划船
6. go skating 去滑冰
7. go hiking (in the mountains) 去山上徒步旅行/远足
8. go climbing 去登山
9. go fishing 去钓鱼
10. go bike riding / cycling 骑自行车旅行
11. go sightseeing 去观光
12. visit my grandma/ cousins/ my friends in Hong Kong 拜访我的祖母/堂兄弟/香港的朋友
13. spend time with friends 和朋友度过
14. babysit her sister 照顾她的妹妹
15. relax at home 在家休息
16. go to sports camp 去运动野营
17. go to the beach 去沙滩
18. take a vacation 去度假
19. go to Tibet for a week 去西藏一个星期
20. go away 离开，走开
It made me sad to hear you have to go away. 听到你非走不可，我觉得很伤心
21. (for) too long 太久
22. how long 多长（时间）
23. have a good time=have fun=enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，玩得开心
24. get back to school/ home 回学校/回家
go back= come back= get back 回来 get back to +some where回到某地
get back home/ here /there 回家、这、那儿
go back to school 回到学校=return to school
go back home 回到家=return home
25. stay for three weeks 呆三个星期
26. take walks / take a walk 散步take walks=have walks=go for a walk 散步
27. rent videos 租录像带
28. a famous French singer 一个著名的法籍歌手
29. take a long vacation 度长假
30. take vacations in Europe 在欧洲度假
31. think about/ of 考虑/思考
32. something different/ interesting/ important 一些不同的/ 有趣的/ 重要的东西
I have something interesting to tell you. 我有一些有趣的事要告诉你。
She wants something new. 她想要一些新的东西。
33. spend time in the beautiful countryside 在美丽的乡村度过
34. forget all the problems 忘记所有的问题(烦恼)
35. sleep a lot 多睡觉,睡个够
36. can't wait 迫不及待can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事
She can’t wait to get home to see her parents.
她迫不及待的想回家看望父母。
37. a good place to go sightseeing 一个观光的好地方
38. leave for Italy/ Greece/ Spain/ Europe 离开/出发去意大利/希腊/西班牙/欧洲
39. places to visit in China 在中国参观的地方
40. plan my vacation to Italy 计划去意大利度假
41. the first week in June 六月的第一周
42. leave for … 离开/出发去……
leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的？
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京？
43. rent videos to sb. 租碟片给某人
rent videos from sb. 从某人那租碟片
44. make a movie 拍电影
45. ask sb about sth 问某人某事
46. at night =in the evening 在晚上
47.What/How about+ doing>…怎么样呢?
48 on Monday 在星期一
49..next week 下周
50.the Great Wall 长城
二．固定结构
1. show sb. sth. 让某人看某物
= show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看
He showed me a postcard from Hong Kong yesterday.
= He showed a postcard to me from Hong Kong yesterday.
类似的结构还有： give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物
2. send sb. sth. 寄给某人某物
= send sth. to sb. 寄某物给某人
My friends sent me a letter just now.
= My friends sent a letter to me just now.
3. think about/ of sth./ doing sth.
考虑某事/考虑做某事
He often thinks about going to Europe for vacation.
4. decide on sth. 决定某事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
They will decide on the case(案件) tomorrow.
He decided to go sightseeing at last.
5. plan to do sth. 计划做某事(过去式) planned （现在分词）planning
She planned to go to Greece for vacation.
vacation plans 假期计划 make plans 制定计划
We should make plans before we do anything.
在做任何事前我们应该制定好计划。
6. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
Don't forget to close the door when you leave the classroom.
I forget going to Spain before.
7. remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
= remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
Remember to bring your book here tomorrow.
He remembered calling you just now.
8. finish sth./ finish doing sth. 完成某事/完成做某事
Do you finish your homework?
When did you finish doing your homework?
9. need to do sth. 需要做某事
We need to go home early.
10. leave for + 地名 离开/出发去…
leave A for B 离开A地去B地
My parents and I are leaving (here) for Beijing tomorrow.
My uncle will leave Beijing for Tokyo tomorrow.
11. have a good time/ have fun 玩得开心
enjoy oneself
We had a good time/ had fun last night.
= We enjoyed ourselves last night.
I hope you can have a good time/ have fun.
= I hope you can enjoy yourself/ yourselves.
12．spend意为“度过、花费（时间、金钱等）”其主语一般是人，常用的句式有：
spend…on sth.
Spend…(in) doing sth. 如：
How long do you spend on your homework everyday?
How long do you spend (in) doing your homework everyday?你每天花多少时间做作业
三．重点句子
1. What are you doing for vacation?
你假期打算做什么？
I am babysitting my sister.
我打算照顾我的妹妹。
2. Where is he going? 他要去哪？
He is going to Italy. 他打算去意大利。
3. When is he going? 他什么时候要去？
He is going on the 11th./ in December.
他打算11号去/12月去。
4. Who is she going with? 她打算和谁去？
She is going with her parents.
她打算和她的父母亲去。
5. How long are they staying in Tibet?
他们准备在西藏呆多久？
They are staying for three weeks.
他们打算呆三个星期
6. That sounds interesting. 那听起来有趣。
sound 为感官动词
感官动词后面加形容词
感官动词为：look（看起来）, sound（听起来）, feel（感觉起来）, taste（尝起来）, smell（闻起来）…
7. I don't like going away for too long.
我不喜欢离开太久。
like to do sth./ like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
8. I know there are many people there （who speak French.） 我知道那儿有许多说法语的人。
Who speak French 为定语从句，用来修饰先行词 people 的。当先行词为人物时，定语从句必须由关系代词 who 来引导。
I know the girl（ who comes from Spain in his class.）
我认识他班里那个来自西班牙的女孩。
Do you know the man （who is fishing）?
你认识那个正在钓鱼的人吗？
9. He planned to have a very relaxing vacation.
他计划度过一个轻松的假期。
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
10. I just finished making my last movie.
我刚制作完了我最后的一部电影。
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
11. I hear that Thailand is a good place to go sightseeing. 我听说泰国是个观光的好地方。
a good place to go sightseeing 一个观光的好地方
12. I want to ask you about places to visit in China.
我想问你有关可在中国参观的地方。
want to do sth. 想做某事
ask sb. about sth. 问某人有关某事
13. I am planning my vacation to Italy this weekend.
我打算这个周末去意大利度假。
plan my vacation to Italy 计划去意大利度假
= plan to go to Italy for vacation
14. What should tourist take with them?
游客必须带什么（在身上）呢？
take sth with sb. 带某物在身上/随身带某物
It's going to rain. Please take an umbrella with you. 就要下雨了。请带上一把雨
They take some money with them.他们随身带着些钱。
四．知识结构
○1.What are you doing for vacation?
你打算/准备/计划假期做些什么？
I am going sightseeing.
我打算/准备/计划去观光。
这里用了“现在进行时 be doing”的结构来表示在最近计划或安排将要进行的动作, 有“意图” 或“打算”的含义.通常与表未来时间的状语连用。
I am visiting him tomorrow.
我明天要去拜访他。
He is leaving for Italy in three days.
他三天后要出发去意大利。
Are they coming this afternoon?
他们今天下午会来吗？
○2.“be + 动词-ing”
1）“be + 动词-ing”表示动词的现在进行时，指正在进行或发生的动作或事情。如：
He is doing his homework. 他正在做作业。
2）“be + 动词-ing”也可以表示近期的计划或马上要发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
She is leaving for Shanghai this evening. 他打算今晚动身去上海。
They are taking a long vacation this summer. 他们打算今年夏天度一个长假。
○3.一般情况下加ing的形容词修饰sth
加ed的形容词修饰sb
relaxing 令人轻松的
relaxed 感到轻松的
①He plans to have a very relaxing vacation.他计划去度一个轻松的假期
②I am relaxed after reading the interesting book.看了一本有趣的书后我感到很轻松
interesting 有趣 interested 感到兴趣
I am interested in the interesting film. 我对这部有趣的电影很有兴趣
surprising 令人吃惊的
surprised 感到吃惊
He was surprised when he heard the surprising news 听到这个令人惊讶的消息他感到很吃惊。
exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋
○4.表示时间的 in、on 与 at
in, on 与 at 都可以和表示时间的词（组）连用。
1. in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如：
in the morning 在上午 in May, 2004 在五月
in a week 在一周之内（后）
It's Sunday, I can finish it in two days.
现在是星期天，我能在两天后完成。（星期二）
Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是在一天内建起来的。
2. on 主要指在具体的一天。如：
on Sunday 在星期天 on May Day 在“五一”节
on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午
He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004.
他于204月26日到达北京。
3. at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如：
at 8:00 在八点 at noon 在中午
I always get up at 6:00 every morning. 我总是每天早晨六点起床。
It's always warm at this time of year. 每年的这个时候总是暖和的。
解题点拨
例1． When I __________ home, I’ll show you the photos.
A.get to B. return to C. get back D. return back
解析 home 之前的to 要省略,故A、B为错误选项，而D选项中的return与back搭配，属于语意的重复，因此正确答案为C。
例2．I decide ______ go fishing with Sally.
A.on B.to C.at D.in
解析 decide 可与介词on 或to连用，但decide on表示“决定” 时后面的宾语为名词或代词，而decide 与不定式to do 连用表示“决定去做 …”,故正确答案为B。
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
一．短语归纳
1. take the subway to … = go to … by subway 搭地铁
2. take the train to … = go to … by train 坐火车
3. take a bus to … = go to …by bus = go to … on a bus 乘坐公共汽车
4. take a taxi to … = go to … by taxi 坐的士
5. ride a bike/ bicycle to… = go to … by bike/ bicycle 骑自行车
6. walk to… = go to … on foot 步行
7. take a car to… = go to … in a car= go to … by car 坐汽车
8. get to school 到达学校get to=arrive in/at=reach 到达 (in加大地方at加小地方)
9. 10 kilometers from school 离学校10公里（远）
10. from…to… 从…到… from his home to school 从他家到学校
11. how （用于提问状态和交通工具） 怎样
how long 用来询问时间的长度（用于提问时间段 多长（时间）） 或物体的长度
how often （用于提问频率） 多久时间一次
how far （用于提问距离） 多远
how many 用于提问数量） 多少
how much（用于提问数量/价钱） 多少/多少钱
how soon“过多久”，用来询问某事要在多久以后才能发生
12. have a quick breakfast 快速地吃早餐
13. leave for school 出发去学校
14. the early bus 早班车
15. take sb. to school 带某人去学校
Then the early bus takes him to school.然后，他乘坐早班车到学校
16. bus ride 搭公车的路程
17. bus stop 公车亭
18. bus station 公车站
bus stop 是指小站，bus station指大的站，比如汽车站。现在的英语 尤其是美式英语里，二者的区分不是太细。
19. train station 火车站
20. subway station 地铁站
21. think of 认为
22. around the world=all over the world 遍及全世界
22.the school bus 校车
23. in North /South America 在北/南美洲
in the north/south/east/west of American 在美国的北/南/东/西部
24. on the school bus 乘/坐校车
25. in other parts of the world 在世界上的其他地方
26. the other （两者中的）另一个
27. others = other (students) 其他的（学生）
28. things are different 情况不同
29. be different from 与…不同
be the same as 与……一样(见后)
30. make a difference 产生差异
31. depend on 取决于/依赖/依靠
In China , it depends on where you are . → depend on 视……而定；决定于
I haven’t a car, I have to depend on the buses. 我没有汽车，只能依靠公共汽车。
32. go to school by boat = take a boat to school 坐船去上学
33. must be 肯定/一定是
34. a lot more fun 更多的乐趣
35. not all students并非所有的学生
36. the most popular ways /means最流行的方式
means of transportation 交通方式
In China，bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中国，自行车和公共汽车是最流行的交通方式。
37. a small number of 小部分的
A small number of students take the subway to school.小部分学生乘坐地铁上学
38. a large/ great number of 大多数的
☆ a number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用复数 “许多”=many
可用large/great/small 修饰，表程度。
☆ the number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用单数 “…..的数量”
A great number of students are young.
The number of them is 2,200.
39. be ill in the hospital 生病住院
ill和sick 都可作表语 He is ill/sick. 他生病了。
但是He is a sick man. 他是一个病人。（sick作定语，此时不能用ill）
ill(形容词)：illness（名词）
40. worry about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事
☆ worry about sb/sth=be worried about ….为某人/某事担心
I worry about my study.= I am wirried about my study.
41. take a shower淋浴
42.at around six thirty在大约六点半
around 作介词时，是“大约、将近”的意思时，常与数词连用
He leaves for school at around six thirty. 他大约在6点30分动身去学校
leave for 动词短语，意思是“去（某地）” 见3单元重点短语归纳中的详解
43. five minutes’walk步行五分钟的路程
44. Don’t worry. 别担心
45. in Chinese 用汉语
46.How/ What about…？
How/ What about…？常用来询问和建议，其中about是介词，其后跟名词、代词及动名词，意思是“……怎么样？……如何？”
How about trying again? 再试一下如何？
二． 固定结构
1. It takes/ took (sb.) some time to do sth.
做某事花了某人……时间/某人花了……时间做某事
It takes me 20 minutes to finish all my homework.
我花了20分钟的时间完成了所有的作业。
It took him 2 years to finish making the movie.
他花了两年的时间制作了这部电影。
此句子结构可等同于：
sb. spend/ spent some time on sth. 某人花了……时间在某事上
sb. spend/ spent some time (in) doing sth.
某人花了……做某事
It takes me 20 minutes to finish all my homework.
= I spend 20 minutes on all my homework.
= I spend 20 minutes (in) doing all my homework.
It took him 2 years to finish making the movie.
= I spent 2 years on the movie.
= He spent 2 years (in) making the movie.
三. 重点句子
1. How do you get to school?
I ride my bike to school.
How do I get there ? 因there是副词,所以不能说get to there
2. How long does it take?
It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.
3. How long does it take you to ride your bike to school?
It takes me 35 minutes to ride my bike to school.
你需要多长时间到校？步行大约10分钟，乘汽车15分钟。
4. How far is it (from his home to school)?
= How far does he live from school?
It is three miles (from his home to school). 从他家到学校有多远？大约10公里。
5. What do think of the transportation in your town?
= How do you like the transportation in your town?
What do you think of …? 你对…的看法怎样？
= How do you like …? 你认为…怎样？
6. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!
那肯定比坐公车更有趣的多！
表推测：must be 一定、必定、肯定 用于肯定句中
a lot/a bit/a little/much/some/even/still/far….修饰比较级 a little taller
more 是many、much的比较级，表示“更多的”意思。比较级+ than 构成比较级结构。
7. A small number of students take a subway.
a number of = many 许多
8. Don't worry. 别担心。
9. I have a map but in Chinese .
10. When it rains I take a taxi .
11.In North America , not all students take the bus to school .
not all是部分否定，意思是并不是所有的；不是全部的
表部分否定：not 与all, both, many, much, everyone, everything, always等连用，表部分否定。
四．句子结构拓展
○1. It depends on where you are. 取决于你在哪里。
这是一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。
I know.
He comes from Spain.
→ I know he comes from Spain.
I want to know.
Where does he come from?
→ I want to know where he comes from.
○2. In places (where there are rivers and lakes), students usually go to school by boat.
(在有河流和湖泊的)地方，学生通常都坐船去上学。
这是一个定语从句。where there are rivers and lakes 是定语，修饰前面的名词 place.
The girl (who speaks French) is my classmate.
那个（说法语的）女孩是我的同班同学。
若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是人物，则用关系代词who连接.
He wants to live in a place (where there are flowers and grass). 他想住在有花有草的地方。
若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是地点，则用关系副词 where 连接
○3take/ spend /cost
●take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：
(1) It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
●spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：
(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。
例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。
例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。
例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
●cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：
(1)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。
例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。
例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
●pay的作“花费”的意思时，常见用法如下：
(1)sb.+ pay for sth. 付……的款
例：He paid ￡5 for the book. 他买这本书花了5英镑。
(2)pay sb.for sth. 为……给某人报酬
例：The boss paid Bob for his work. 老板为他的工作给了Bob报酬。